促肾上腺皮质激素对大鼠脊髓背角神经元伤害性放电的影响

重组DNA技术揭示ACTH、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、α-促黑细胞素(α-MSH)均来源于同一前体——促阿黑皮素原(POMC),并发现ACTH与β-EP共存于弓状核、孤束核内。许多研究发现ACTH与痛和镇痛的关系十分密切。在中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)注射ACTH可引起强而持久的镇痛效应。电刺激PAG引起镇痛效应同时,脑脊液中     

氯胺酮对单足致炎大鼠脊髓背角神经元活动的影响

在大鼠脊髓背角用细胞外记录技术共记录到３２个单位。角叉菜胶一侧足底注射致炎后,电刺激该侧足底内外侧神经激动其中Ａ、Ｃ纤维时,脊髓背角神经元诱发放电数均显著增加;静脉注射ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗剂氯胺酮后,Ａ、Ｃ纤维刺激诱发的放电反应均显著下降甚至消失。致炎后脊髓背角深层单位出现Ｗｉｎｄｕｐ现象,静脉注射氯胺酮后该现象减轻消失。结果提示：角叉菜胶致炎导致脊髓背角神经元兴奋性升高和Ｗｉｎｄｕｐ;ＮＭＤＡ受体参     

去甲肾上腺素在脊髓背角的镇痛机制

疹髓背角浅层是传递和调制外周伤害性信息的关键部位。起源于脑干的去甲肾上腺素（NA）能纤维终止脊髓背角,它们释放的NA具有抑制初级传入末梢释放谷氨酸和P物质、增加Ⅱ层（胶状质）抑制性神经活性物质释放的作用。此外,形态学研究提示NA可能直接抑制Ⅰ/Ⅲ层向丘脑传递伤害性信息的投射神经元。NA可能通过以上途径,实现对外周伤害性信息传递的调制而发挥镇痛作用。     

刺激大鼠外侧缰核对脊髓背角神经元伤害性反应的影响

电刺激大鼠一侧外侧缰核可对脊髓疹角广动力型神经元的伤害性放电产生明显抑制;这种抑制效应可部分地被静脉注射赛庚啶及酚妥拉明所阻断,电解损毁ＬＨｂ对ＷＤＲ神经元的放电无影响,本文结果表明,ＬＨｂ参与了脊髓上结构对脊髓背角ＷＤＲ神经元伤害性反应的下行抑制,这种下行抑制为位相性抑制。     

半胱胺对猫脊髓背角神经元伤害性热反应的抑制

在戊巴比妥钠麻醉和脊髓腰-1段全横切的16只猫上,观察生长抑素(somatostatin,SOM)的耗竭剂半胱胺对伤害性热刺激脚跖皮肤和电刺激胫后神经所引起的脊髓背角Ⅳ-Ⅵ层神经元单位反应的影响。静脉注射半胱胺50mg/kg对电刺激神经引起的伤害性反应无影响,100mg/kg可使被测试的13个神经元单位中的8个单位反应明显抑制。而静脉注射半胱胺50mg/kg可明显抑制伤害性热刺激所引起的脊髓背角神经元单位反应。用微电极将半胱胺微压注入背角胶质层也使背角神经元的伤害性热反应明显抑制,但只使13个单位中的7个单位对电刺激神经引起的伤害性反应轻度抑制。半胱胺对背角神经元伤害性反应的抑制可能由于耗竭了背角中的生长抑素。本文讨论了半胱胺对背角神经元伤害性热反应的抑制明显强于电刺激神经所诱发的伤害性反应的抑制的可能机制。     

福尔马林致痛对大鼠脊髓背角神经元神经肽CCK表达的影响

目的：本实验观察胆囊收缩素（CCK）在福尔马林致痛大鼠感觉信息传递中的作用。方法：用免疫组织化学技术,分别观察阴性对照、生理盐水、福尔马林致痛后1h和福尔马林致痛后3h大鼠脊髓背角的感觉神经元神经肽CCK表达的变化。结果：大鼠足底注射福尔马林1h后,脊髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层神经元CCK表达阳性细胞数明显增加（P〈0．01）,且注射侧阳性细胞数明显高于非注射侧。注射福尔马林1h后,注射侧和非注射侧CCK表达阳性细胞的半定量光密度均值分别是0．397±0．014和0．295±0．007,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;注射福尔马林3h后,注射侧和非注射侧脊髓背角CCK表达阳性细胞的半定量光密度均值分别是0．366±0．009和0．303±0．005,差异仍有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：福尔马林致痛大鼠脊髓CCK表达阳性细胞的半定量光密度均值增加,进一步证实CCK在炎性痛信息传递通路的多个环节中参与了痛觉调制。     

多巴胺对大鼠背角WDR神经元的抑制不被酚妥拉明...

The inhibitory effects of dopamine (DA) applied spinally on the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons of dorsal horn in rats were studied with extracellular recording technique. 54 WDR units were tested from 43 rats. With a dosage of DA from 0.26 x 10(-6) to 1.58 x 10(-6) mol/kg, the inhibitory effect of the neurotransmitter on the responses of dorsal horn neurons to noxious transcutaneous electrical stimulation exhibited a gradual increase. After DA (0.52 x 10(-6) mol/kg) administration, the inhibitory effect of DA began to appear in 5 min and reach to maximum in 15 min, whereupon the maximum level could be maintained for about 25 min. This effect of DA could be reversed completely by dopaminergic receptor antagonist, droperidol (0.66 x 10(-6) mol/kg) but not by 2.65 x 10(-6) mol/kg phentolamine or 1.37 x 10(-6) mol/kg naloxone. The results of the present investigation suggest that DA may be involved in the modulation of nociception at the spinal level as an independent neurotransmitter.     

脊髓背角痛觉传递和调制的一些化学解剖学观察

本实验研究了脊髓背角内Ｃ纤维末梢的分布和突触学特征及其一些神经递质化学构筑;定量观察了急性痛引起背角的递质变化;显示了初级传入Ｃ纤维,抑制性中间神经元和背角伤害性感受神经元三者之间的突触关系,并探讨它们在痛觉信息传递和调制中的作用。     

不同频率电针刺激对神经痛模型大鼠脊髓背角P物质的影响

目的:观察P物质(Substance P,SP)在慢性坐骨神经压迫损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)模型脊髓中表达的变化,探讨电针镇痛的机制是否与脊髓背角中SP表达的变化有关。方法:选择32只雄性、体重180-200 g的SD大鼠,并将其随机均分为4组(n=8)。空白组(Con组)为正常痛阈值大鼠;假电针组(CCI+A组)在损伤的坐骨神经旁置入电针,但无电流刺激;2 Hz组和100Hz组分别给予相应频率电流刺激30 min。在实验开始前和术后1、4、7、14、20、22天记录大鼠的热缩足反射潜伏期(Paw Withdrawal Latency,PWL)和机械刺激缩足反射阈值(Paw Withdrawal Threshold,PWT)。免疫组化方法检测脊髓背角SP的表达。结果:术后20天,电针治疗后,100 Hz组和2 Hz组PWT分别为(7.33±1.42)g和(7.80±1.42)g,均显著高于假电针组(2.60±1.46)g,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。100 Hz组在术后20天后和2 Hz组在术后14天后PWL值均显著高于假电针组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组化显示:2 Hz组和100 Hz组大鼠脊髓背角中P物质阳性细胞显著低于假电针组(P0.05)。结论:坐骨神经旁电针刺激能够显著减轻CCI模型大鼠热痛觉及机械痛觉过敏,其机制可能与抑制脊髓背角SP的表达有关。     

刺激蓝斑及电针对大鼠脊髓背角神经元伤害性反应的影响

以往的工作表明,蓝斑（LC）-去甲肾上腺素能神经元系统在痛觉调制和针刺镇痛中起着重要作用,本文用电生理学方法研究刺激LC和电针对大鼠脊髓背角神经元伤害性反应的影响,其主要结果如下：1、刺激LC或电针有明显抑制脊髓背角神经元伤害性反应的作用。2、损毁中缝大核和腹腔注射纳洛酮并不明显影响刺激LC的抑制效应。3、α2受体激动剂氯压啶能加强刺激LC或电针的抑制效应,而α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明在一定程度上能削弱这种抑制效应,这些实验结果提示,刺激LC和电针可激活LC神经元,通过其下行纤维,在脊髓水平释放NE,通过α2受体,阻断伤害性信息的传递。     

The glutamatergic nature of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the spinal dorsal horn

The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is expressed on primary afferent terminals and spinal dorsal horn neurons. However, the neurochemical phenotypes and functions of TRPV1-expressing post-synaptic neurons in the spinal cord are not clear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1-expressing dorsal horn neurons are glutamatergic. Immunocytochemical labeling revealed that TRPV1 and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 were colocalized in dorsal horn neurons and their terminals in the rat spinal cord. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) treatment or dorsal rhizotomy ablated TRPV1-expressing primary afferents but did not affect TRPV1- and vesicular glutamate transporter-2-expressing dorsal horn neurons. Capsaicin significantly increased the frequency of glutamatergic spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents and miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents in almost all the lamina II neurons tested in control rats. In RTX-treated or dorsal rhizotomized rats, capsaicin still increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents and miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents in the majority of neurons examined, and this effect was abolished by a TRPV1 blocker or by non-NMDA receptor antagonist. In RTX-treated or in dorsal rhizotomized rats, capsaicin also produced an inward current in a subpopulation of lamina II neurons. However, capsaicin had no effect on GABAergic and glycinergic spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents of lamina II neurons in RTX-treated or dorsal rhizotomized rats. Collectively, our study provides new histological and functional evidence that TRPV1-expressing dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord are glutamatergic and that they mediate excitatory synaptic transmission. This finding is important to our understanding of the circuitry and phenotypes of intrinsic dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord.     

MK-801抑制福尔马林实验引起的大鼠脊髓背角环氧合酶-2的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法,观察鞘内注射N-methyl—D—aspartate(NMDA)受体拮抗剂MK-801对福尔马林实验引起的大鼠脊髓背角环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)表达的影响。结果表明：MK-801对福尔马林实验引起的第1相缩足反射仅有一定抑制作用,但对第2相缩足反射有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。与这种行为学的变化相对应,MK-801可显著抑制福尔马林实验引起的脊髓背角COX-2表达的增加,并且这种抑制作用与MK-801的剂量呈正相关。这些结果表明,在福尔马林实验中,NMDA受体的活动是引起脊髓背角COX-2表达增加的原因之一。     

c-Maf-positive spinal cord neurons are critical elements of a dorsal horn circuit for mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathy

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Mechanoreceptor signal convergence and transformation in the dorsal horn flexibly shape a diversity of outputs to the brain

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Nongenomic effect of levothyroxine on the synchronous electrical activity of the spinal dorsal horn in the rat

Levothyroxine (T₄) has a well-known effect on the central nervous system (CNS). This effect requires hours of latency by genetic pathway. We tested for short latency nongenomic effects of T₄ superfusion on the spinal dorsal horn (DH) evaluating lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials in rats. T₄ increased N and P wave amplitudes and N wave area under the curve, but reduced P wave duration and N–P interval, suggesting that T₄ exerts both excitatory and synchronizing effects on DH interneurons in less than 300?s, thus, providing evidence of nongenomic effects of T₄ on DH.     

Neurexin‐2 is a potential regulator of inflammatory pain in the spinal dorsal horn of rats

Chronic pain is one of the serious conditions that affect human health and remains cure still remains a serious challenge as the molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we used label‐free proteomics to identify potential target proteins that regulate peripheral inflammatory pain and reveal its mechanism of action. Inflammation in peripheral tissue was induced by injecting complete Freund''s adjuvant (CFA) into rat hind paw. A proteomic method was adopted to compare the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) in peripheral inflammatory pain (PIP) model rats with controls. Differential proteins were identified in SDH proteome by label‐free quantification. The role of screened target proteins in the PIP was verified by small interfering RNA (siRNA). A total of 3072 and 3049 proteins were identified in CFA and normal saline (NS) groups, respectively, and 13 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the CFA group. One of them, neurexin‐2, was validated for its role in the inflammatory pain. Neurexin‐2 was up‐regulated in the CFA group, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Besides, intrathecal siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of neurexin‐2 attenuated CFA‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of SDH membrane glutamate receptors (eg mGlu receptor 1, AMPA receptor) and postsynaptic density (eg PSD‐95, DLG2). These findings increased the understanding of the role of neurexin‐2 in the inflammatory pain, implicating that neurexin‐2 acts as a potential regulatory protein of inflammatory pain through affecting synaptic plasticity in the SDH of rats.     

大鼠脊髓背角神经元痛放电确定性行为的年龄相关变化

为阐明脊髓背角神经元痛放电的年龄相关的动力学变化,本研究采用非线性预报方法,对两组不同年龄大鼠(成年青龄鼠3～4月龄,老年鼠＞22月龄)组织损伤诱发的脊髓背角神经元痛放电峰峰间期序列进行了确定性行为的定量分析.结果显示,皮下注入蜜蜂毒,在两组大鼠均诱发脊髓背角广动力域神经元长时程放电,而老龄大鼠的痛放电峰峰间期序列表现出更高的可确定性.本研究表明,单个神经元的痛放电动力学在整个生命过程中并不是恒定不变的,伤害性神经元活动的年龄相关动力学变化可能是老年人群中多样化痛反应的内在机制之一.     

脊髓背角Ⅱ板层长时程增强诱导及维持过程中的突触形态计量学研究

本研究和体视学方法探讨了在C纤维诱发电位长时程增强(long—-term potentiation,LTP)的诱导及维持过程中的脊髓背角Ⅱ板层的突触形念变化。结果显示(1)在LTP形成后30min,Ⅱ板层内的突触后致密物质(postsynaptic density,PSD)增厚,突触间隙增宽;(2)在LTP形成后3h,PSD厚度、突触间隙宽度及突触界面曲率都有明显增加;(3)在LTP诱导和维持全过程中,总突触的数密度比对照组有明显增高。(4)在LTP形成后3h和5h,穿孔性突触的数密度与对照组比较有明显增高。上述结果显示：PSD增厚是LTP诱导阶段的主要形态学变化。突触界面曲率增人及穿孔突触数目增多是LTP维持阶段的主要形态学基础。