影响高山红景天细胞悬浮培养中细胞生长和红景天苷积累的几个…

高山红景天细胞悬浮培养过程中３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１６－ＢＡ,０．３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ,６０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１氮源、０．５￣１．２５ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４和２０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１蛋白胨,较适合于细胞生长和红景天苷的积累。在适宜的接种量下细胞培养２４ｄ后,生物量达１４．０４ｇ·Ｌ＾－１,干细胞中红景天苷含量为５．６６ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１。     

赤霉素破除马铃薯脱毒原原种休眠的研究(简报)

赤霉素能有效地破除马铃薯脱毒原原种的休眠。用１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１赤素和５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１赤霉素＋１％硫脲混合液喷湿处理收获后贮存１５ｄ的原原种效果最好。用已萌芽的脱毒原帮种播种长出的幼苗生长健壮。质量浓度３０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的赤霉素节同伸长,长成纤细苗。     

S3307在葡萄试管苗生长和保存中的作用

０．１￣０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１的Ｓ３３０７可显著抑制葡萄试管苗茎叶的生长而促进根系的加粗，提高根冠比，０．５￣５．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１则可引起根的负向地性生长。适宜浓度的Ｓ３３０７可使试管中扦插的葡萄茎段产生茎叶极度缩小的微型枝条，宜于试管中长期保存，不同葡萄品种保存所需Ｓ３３０７的浓度不同，一般在０．５￣２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１之间     

硼和尿素及生长调节剂对苹果花粉萌发与生长的影响

花粉萌发培养基上添加０．０１－０．１％硼砂或硼酸及０．１％－０．６％的尿素,均不同地促进花粉萌发怀花粉管生长。５－５０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的乙烯利及萘乙酸对花粉的萌发与花粉管生长则有抑制作用,抑制程序随两者浓度增加而增强。在１－５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的ＢＡ下,花粉萌发率稍有下降,但花粉管生长受促;２５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＢＡ可显著抑制花粉的萌发与生长。稀释５００－２０００倍的普民林可促进红富士花粉的花粉管生长。     

发菜培养条件的研究(简报)

在Ｃａ＾２＋、１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ、１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＧＡ作用下,干湿节律为干１ｄ、湿１ｄ发菜生长有较大的促进作用,生长１４ｄ发菜灌体最高增长率为３５％．     

GA3和BR对离体苎麻叶片中过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的影响及其…

经１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＧＡ３和０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＢＲ分别处理后的离体苎麻叶圆片中,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性都有明显增加。过氧化物酶的最大增加值出现在１２ｈ;过氧化氢酶与超氧物歧化酶同步,最大增加值出现时间都在处理后３６ｈ。０．２ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１Ｈ２Ｏ２处理的过氧化氢酶和超氧物歧化酶活性都增加;３．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＮａＮ３处理的超氧物歧化酶活性明显增加;１９．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＫＣＮ处理的过氧化     

草莓离体叶片脱分化与再分化过程中的生理生化变化(简报)

在１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＤＺ与１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１．ＩＡＡ（培养基Ａ）作用下,草莓离体叶组织呼吸速率、蛋白质、核酸和糖类含量以及过氧化氢酸酥和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性迅速提高,随即很快下降水平,愈伤组织不分化,在２．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＤＺ与０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＩＡＡ（培养基Ｂ）作用下,上述指标行工提高,并维持在同一水平直至愈伤组织形成,其后大幅度提高,在愈伤组织分化芽前或分化时达到最大值。     

深山含笑的组织培养和快速繁殖

组织培养深山含笑的实验结果表明：利用休眠芽和种子萌发时实生苗的上胚轴及下胚轴为外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织和不定芽,其中无菌实生苗的上胚轴最易诱导出不定芽,无菌实生苗的下胚轴最易诱导出愈伤组织。外体植体在ＭＳ＋１．０－２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ２,４－Ｄ培养基上只产生愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋３．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＢＡ＋０．２ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＮＡＡ培养基上产生较多的不定芽和较多的愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾     

复方新诺明（SMZ—TMP）对大豆幼苗生长的影响

复方新诺明（ＳＭＺ－ＴＭＰ）溶液浸种后,大豆幼苗生长和根系活力均明显受到促进。ＳＭＺ－ＴＭＰ的适宜浓度为０．５－１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１     

三十烷醇磷酸酯钾对芽菜生长的影响(简报)

用０．００１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１三十烷醇磷酸酯钾（ＴＰＫ）溶液培养绿豆芽菜,４ｄ的芽长、芽鲜重和芽干均有提高。而用５．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＰＫ溶液培养豌豆芽菜,１４天芽长、芽鲜重均下降。用０．０５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＰＫ浸种处理２４ｈ,８ｄ后豌豆芽菜上市时芽长和芽鲜重均提高。     

Distribution of cadmium and lead in a stream ecosystem

Cadmium and lead were detected in all components of the stream that were examined. Cadmium was present in similar concentrations in both fishes and sediments. Aquatic insects, however, exhibited higher concentrations of cadmium than did sediments. Lead concentrations in sediments and aquatic insects were similar, but higher than concentrations in fishes. Snails contained the highest level of lead and had noticeably greater amounts of the metal than did aquatic insects. In general, concentrations of both metals increased successively from water to fish to sediments to aquatic invertebrates.     

Survival and Reproduction of Some Nematodes as Affected by Muck and Organic Acids

Fulvic, humic, acetic, N-bulyric, formic, lactic, and propionic acids were inhibitory to the survival or reproduction of Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides goodeyi, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Meloidogyne hapla or Xiphinema americanum. Reproduction of H. pseudorobustus and M. hapla significantly increased with increasing amounts of muck added to sand, and with the initial amount of nematode inoculum. All acids except humic and fulvic were lethal, in vitro, to all nematode species tested. When A. goodeyi was treated with fulvic acid, reproduction was reduced significantly when compared with sodium humate or water treatments. Treatment of H. pseudorobustus with fulvic acid (pH 3.5) resulted in a greater reduction in reproduction in soil than did treatment with humic acid (pH 3.5).     

吸烟对男性生殖和遗传毒性的研究进展

吸烟作为一个社会问题受到广泛关注,目前研究认为吸烟可对生殖系统存在有害影响。从吸烟对睾丸功能、精液质量、生殖内分泌功能的影响及吸烟对生殖细胞的遗传毒作用几个方面,总结了近几年国内外有关吸烟对男性生殖与遗传毒性研究进展,为进一步研究吸烟的生殖毒性提供参考。     

Commentary on the Role of Maternal Toxicity on Developmental Toxicity

Maternal mammalian toxicity impacts prenatal development, with general systemic maternal toxicity, from reduced weight gain to morbidity, causative for reduced fetal weights/litter and increased fetal variations (especially skeletal)/litter, but not, in the author's opinion, for increased fetal malformations, reduced litter sizes or full litter losses. Increased fetal malformations are likely due to exposure to specific chemicals which alter specific maternal functions at critical point(s) in pregnancy, typically exaggerated effects from higher doses by drugs under development with known, desired pharmacological effects. Malformations can also be from genetic/epigenetic alterations, specific altered proteins, molecular pathways, etc. Full litter losses are triggered by the mother and are rare in rats. Information to inform maternal (and developmental) toxicity includes ovarian corpora lutea counts, uterine implantation profile, degree of litter reduction (if present), timing and extent of maternal toxicity relative to those of adverse embryofetal effects, etc. The view of maternal toxicity as confounding results in in vivo developmental toxicity studies, worldwide concerns about increased research animal usage, increasing time, labor, costs, and new software and hardware sophistication all drive the interest in development, validation, and performance of in vitro/in silico assays. These assays are fast, inexpensive, responsive to animal use concerns and amenable to mechanistic questions. The strength of these in vitro/in silico assays is considered by many to be the absence of the maternal organism/placenta. These assays inform mechanism and hazard, but NOT risk. The Environmental Protection Agency currently estimates that these new assays are approximately 70% accurate versus the whole animal tests.     

Influence of maternal stress on metal-induced pre- and postnatal effects in mammals

Studies in rodents have shown that, during pregnancy, maternal stress from restraint, noise, light, and heat among other factors may be associated with adverse effects on embryo/fetal and postnatal development. Moreover, it is also well known that exposure to certain metal levels during gestation can also cause maternal and developmental toxicity. Because potentially, pregnant women may be concurrently exposed to metals and various types of stress, the influence of maternal stress on the metal-induced adverse pre-and postnatal effects has been investigated for a number of elements. This influence is reviewed here. It is concluded that maternal stress enhances the metal-induced embryo/fetal and developmental toxicity only at doses of the metal which are also clearly toxic to the dam.     

乙腈的水生态基准

本文参照美国国家环保局推荐的“推导保护水生生物及其用途的国家水质基准的技术指南”,根据我国水生生物区系特点,通过水生生物毒性试验研究和制定石油化工废水中重要污染物—乙腈的水生态基准。试验动物涉及到4个门、6个纲、8个科、13属和13个种。文中根据乙腈对13种水生动物的急性毒性试验,对水生动物的慢性毒性试验以及对水生植物浮萍的生长抑制试验,推导出乙腈的基准连续浓度为413mg／L,基准最大浓度为1145mg／L。     

五氯酚对大型溞的急性亚慢性和慢性毒性

本文采用换水式试验研究了五氨酚溞（ＰＣＰ）对大型（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）的急性、亚慢性和慢性毒性,稀释水硬度为８０─１００ｍｇ／Ｌ（以ＣａＣＯ３计）。急性和慢性试验均使用小于一日龄的幼溞,试验温度为２５─２６℃,慢性试验进行了２０ｄ。用小于一日龄幼溞进行的亚慢性试验暴露了１９ｄ,而用四日龄幼溞的亚慢性试验则进行了１６ｄ,水温均保持在１９─２０℃。ＰＣＰ对大型溞的２４ｈ和４８ｈＥＣ５０分别是４８９和２４５μｇ／Ｌ。依据第１胎所产幼溞数求得的最低可观察效应浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）和无可观察效应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）,在慢性试验中分别是１６０和８０μｇ／Ｌ,在１９ｄ亚慢性试验中分别为２００和１００μｇ／Ｌ,二者相近。试验结果表明,第１胎所产幼溞数是敏感的指标。     

伊维菌素搽剂的毒理学研究

目的　研究放线菌属产生的阿凡曼菌素 Ｂ１ 的衍生物伊维菌素（ Ｉｖｅｒｍ ｅｃｔｉｎ） 搽剂皮肤用药的急性和长期毒性作用。方法　观察给予正常皮肤和破损皮肤动物一次性或长期经皮给药产生的毒性反应。结果　以２６７ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 大剂量的伊维菌素经皮给药 ２４ｈ 后出现震颤、运动失调等中毒症状, ７２ｈ 后症状消失; 以１００ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 经皮给药 ４５ 天后无明显的毒性。结论　大剂量 （２６７ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ） 的伊维菌素经破损皮肤给药可致动物急性中毒, 较大剂量 （１００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ） 长期皮肤用药无明显的毒性作用。     

Rhizotoxicity of aluminate and polycationic aluminium at high pH

Although monomeric Al species are often toxic in acidic soils, the effects of the aluminate ion (Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ ) on roots grown in alkaline media are still unclear. Dilute, alkaline (pH 9.5) nutrient solutions were used to investigate the effects of Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ on root growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Root growth was reduced by 13% after 3 d growth in solutions with an Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ activity of 16 μM and no detectable polycationic Al (Al₁₃). This decrease in root growth was associated with the formation of lesions on the root tips (due to the rupturing of the epidermal and outer cortical cells) and a slight limitation to root hair growth (particularly on the lateral roots). When roots displaying these symptoms were transferred to fresh Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ solutions for a further 12 h, no root tip lesions were observed and root hair growth on the lateral roots improved. The symptoms were similar to those induced by Al₁₃ at concentrations as low as 0.50 μM Al which are below the detection limit of the ferron method. Thus, Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ is considered to be non-toxic, with the observed reduction in root growth in solutions containing Al(OH) ₄ ⁻ due to the gradual formation of toxic Al₁₃ in the bulk nutrient solution resulting from the acidification of the alkaline nutrient solution by the plant roots.     

Liver and kidney toxicity in chronic use of opioids: An experimental long term treatment model

In this study, histopathological and biochemical changes due to chronic usage of morphine or tramadol in liver and kidney were assessed in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were included and divided into three groups. Normal saline (1 ml) was given intraperitoneally as placebo in the control group (n = 10). Morphine group (n = 10) received morphine intraperitoneally at a dose of 4, 8, 10 mg/kg/day in the first, second and the third ten days of the study, respectively. Tramadol group (n = 10), received the drug intraperitoneally at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day in the first, second and the third ten days of the study, respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the serum. Liver and kidney specimens were evaluated by light microscopy. Serum ALT, AST, LDH, BUN and creatinin levels were significantly higher in morphine group compared to the control group. Serum LDH, BUN and creatinin levels were significantly increased in the morphine group compared to the tramadol group. The mean MDA level was significantly higher in morphine group compared to the tramadol and control groups (P<0.05). Light microscopy revealed severe centrolobular congestion and focal necrosis in the liver of morphine and tramadol groups, but perivenular necrosis was present only in the morphine group. The main histopathologic finding was vacuolization in tubular cells in morphine and tramadol groups. Our findings pointed out the risk of increased lipid peroxidation, hepatic and renal damage due to long term use of opioids, especially morphine. Although opioids are reported to be effective in pain management, their toxic effects should be kept in mind during chronic usage Presented at the 10th XX Annual ESRA Congress, 6–9 April 2002, Warsaw, Poland.