共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Frank R. Thomas 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(2):179-194
Focusing on contemporary shellfish exploitation among several atoll communities in Kiribati, Micronesia, this paper examines
the relationship between human foragers and their invertebrate prey via the prey choice or diet breadth model derived from
optimal foraging theory. Shellfish, like many other reef organisms, are relatively sedentary and predictable, but these characteristics
make them susceptible to over-harvesting. The research reveals that shellfish gatherers are foraging in a manner that matches
the predictions of optimal foraging theory. The work adds to our understanding of optimal foraging decisions in atoll settings
by critically evaluating the depiction of atoll dwellers as conservationists.
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Frank R. ThomasEmail: Email: |
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Alan C. Love 《Theorie in den Biowissenschaften》2009,128(1):19-42
A central reason that undergirds the significance of evo-devo is the claim that development was left out of the Modern synthesis.
This claim turns out to be quite complicated, both in terms of whether development was genuinely excluded and how to understand
the different kinds of embryological research that might have contributed. The present paper reevaluates this central claim
by focusing on the practice of model organism choice. Through a survey of examples utilized in the literature of the Modern
synthesis, I identify a previously overlooked feature: exclusion of research on marine invertebrates. Understanding the import
of this pattern requires interpreting it in terms of two epistemic values operating in biological research: theoretical generality
and explanatory completeness. In tandem, these values clarify and enhance the significance of this exclusion. The absence
of marine invertebrates implied both a lack of generality in the resulting theory and a lack of completeness with respect
to particular evolutionary problems, such as evolvability and the origin of novelty. These problems were salient to embryological
researchers aware of the variation and diversity of larval forms in marine invertebrates. In closing, I apply this analysis
to model organism choice in evo-devo and discuss its relevance for an extended evolutionary synthesis.
相似文献
Alan C. LoveEmail: |
4.
Chris Haufe 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(1):115-128
The importance of mate choice and sexual selection has been emphasized by the majority of evolutionary psychologists. This
paper assesses three cases of work on mate choice and sexual selection in evolutionary psychology: David Buss on cross-cultural
human mate preferences, Randy Thornhill and Steve Gangestad on the link between mate preferences and fluctuating asymmetry,
and Geoffrey Miller on the role of Fisher’s runaway process in human evolution. A mixture of conceptual and empirical problems
in each case highlights the general weakness of work in evolutionary psychology on these issues.
相似文献
Chris HaufeEmail: |
5.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
6.
Maria C. Morera Christina H. Gladwin 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(3):355-378
Soil conservation is widely regarded a critical component of sustainable livelihood strategies for the hillsides of Honduras. However, neoliberal polices have reduced economic incentives for agricultural intensification. Recent studies indicate off-farm work opportunities address poverty in a way conservation and development efforts do not. Yet off-farm work may discourage poor farmers from practicing soil conservation. A middle ground is needed. This study indicates micro-credit can substitute for off-farm work and encourage soil conservation practice. Many regions throughout Honduras have had extensive contact with soil conservation programs and would benefit more from credit services than redundant technological extension.
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Christina H. GladwinEmail: |
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Catherine Driscoll 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(1):101-113
This paper tries to explain how individuals manage adaptive individual choice (i.e., the decision to acquire a fitter than
average behavior or idea rapidly and tractably) in cultural evolution, despite the fact that acquiring fitness information
is very difficult. I argue that the means of solving this problem suggested in the cultural evolution literature largely are
various types of decision rules employing representations of fitness correlated properties or states of affairs. I argue that
the problem of adaptive individual choice is best solved where some of these learning rule representations are socially transmitted
and some are biologically transmitted.
相似文献
Catherine DriscollEmail: |
9.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
10.
Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
相似文献
Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
11.
We develop a formal framework for the optimal allocation of limited resources that includes and clarifies the interplay between
individual optimization and the resulting effects at the population level. As an example, in regard to the evolution of sexual
recombination, the paradox of the twofold cost of sex is avoided by distinguishing between the evolution of recombination
and the subsequent emergence and stability of different mating types as a result of individual optimization within a population
that benefits from recombination.
相似文献
John PepperEmail: |
12.
This paper introduces a threshold policy with hysteresis (TPH) for the control of one-predator one-prey models. The models studied are the Lotka–Volterra and Rosenzweig–MacArthur
two species density-dependent predator–prey models and the Arditi–Ginzburg nondimensional ratio-dependent model. The proposed
policy (TPH) changes the dynamics of the system in such a way that a bounded oscillation is achieved confined to a region
that does not allow extinction of either species. The policy can be designed by a suitable choice of so called virtual equilibrium
points in a simple and intuitive manner.
相似文献
Amit Bhaya (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Lydia C. L. Teh Louise S. L. Teh Fung Chen Chung 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(13):3061-3077
Many marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly in developing countries, have failed because of a lack of enforcement and
monitoring due to limited public funds for conservation. Private investment and management in MPAs offers a potential solution,
and has been applied with initial positive results at the Sugud Islands Marine Conservation Area (SIMCA) in Sabah, Malaysia.
Conservation fees charged to visitors to Lankayan Island Dive Resort within the SIMCA have generated a sustainable source
of financing to meet the majority of management costs for the conservation area, which is separately managed by a private
organization called Reef Guardian. The availability of adequate funds has enabled Reef Guardian to invest in personnel training
and surveillance technology to enforce the rules and regulations of the conservation area. In collaboration with government
enforcement agencies, Reef Guardian has reduced threats such as illegal fishing and turtle egg poaching. As a result, there
is a comparatively high abundance of commercially important fish, and turtle nestings at Lankayan Island have increased. Private
management can be effective in conserving biodiversity in MPAs, and may well succeed regionally in suitable locations.
相似文献
Lydia C. L. TehEmail: |
14.
Koen Kusters Manuel Ruiz Pérez Hubert de Foresta Ton Dietz Mirjam Ros-Tonen Brian Belcher Philip Manalu Ani Nawir Eva Wollenberg 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2008,36(3):357-370
Resin producing agroforestry in the Krui area of Sumatra in Indonesia is presented as an environmentally friendly, income
generating land-use system which contributes to both development and conservation objectives. We studied the change in household
income portfolios in three communities in the Krui area. The studies revealed that in the period 1995–2004 agroforestry remained
the main source of income. We predict, however, that due to declining resin productivity per hectare, and rising price and
demand for timber, an increasing number of farmers will cut their mature agroforests in the near future. At the same time
our data suggests that farmers will continue tree planting activities. In result old agroforests may vanish while new ones
will be established.
相似文献
Koen KustersEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
18.
In the Indian state of Goa, communally owned agricultural land has persisted through indigenous state rule, colonial occupation
and postcolonial liberation. We show that in Goa, and indeed elsewhere in the world, communally owned land provides protection
against scarcity, risk, and state revenue demands in wet rice agriculture. When wet rice agriculture is the primary agricultural
activity, communally owned land is an effective way to utilize resources. These findings add to the literature that challenges
the inevitability of the tragedy of commonly owned resources.
相似文献
Paul AxelrodEmail: |
19.
To our knowledge, this paper is the first record/report of a juvenile light-coloured Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island in January 1998, determining that it was an albino individual. Based on available literature,
three cases of albino seals have been reported exclusively for Harbour seal pups, and no albino has been reported for Antarctic
pagophilic true seals. Therefore, this is the first confirmed case of albinism in Antarctic pagophilic true seals species,
indicating that this phenomenon is indeed of a rare occurrence.
相似文献
Daniel TorresEmail: |
20.
Overintensification and subsidies have long made American commodity farmers the enemy of conservationists. Yet, environmental
conditions are improving in the Mississippi Delta where farmer-based groups, water management districts and conservation organizations
have improved environmental quality and redefined the role of agriculture in environmental preservation. This work is all
the more remarkable given the region’s deeply conservative politics that discourage regulation. This paper examines this mainstreaming
of environmental values in light of debates on the role of the state in fostering environmental subjectivities. Following
cultural examinations of the state, we caution that the presence or retreat of the state is insufficient to understanding
environmental subjectivities. Instead, an ethnographic focus is necessary to identify connections between the state and particular
human-environment relations. In the Delta, this focus shows that local environmentalism is consonant with a politics of unsustainability,
one that simultaneously advances radical ecological change and defense of the region’s social hierarchies.
相似文献
Eleanor E. ShoremanEmail: |