犀角地黄汤化裁方对蛇伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响

目的观察犀角地黄汤化裁方对血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤出现血分证的患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响。方法选择血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤2h内的患者130例,随机分为2组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服犀角地黄汤化裁方。于就诊时、咬伤后72h测定其血浆TT、PT、APTT,并进行比较。结果2组患者在初诊时(伤后2h内)血浆TT、PT、APTT无明显差异,均在正常范围内;伤后72h三项指标均升高,对照组显著高于治疗组(P<0.05)。结论犀角地黄汤化裁方能抑制血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的延长,对蛇伤引起的凝血障碍有防治作用。     

半夏和滴水珠抗五步蛇毒中毒作用的实验研究

目的研究滴水珠与半夏生药及其提取物抗五步蛇毒的作用。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为半夏生药组、半夏醇提物组、滴水珠生药组、滴水珠醇提物组、空白对照组、阳性对照组及模型组,各组小鼠均灌胃给药7天,并观察各给药组小鼠的体重变化情况;在末次给药1h后于小鼠腹腔注射五步蛇毒,观察各组小鼠的中毒表现,并统计各组小鼠的死亡率,比较各组小鼠的肝脏指数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数,并对各组小鼠血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）以及血小板（PLT）、红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）计数进行比较。结果半夏和滴水珠醇提物、半夏和滴水珠生药均可降低五步蛇毒中毒小鼠的死亡率,对五步蛇毒引起的小鼠PT、TT、APTT上升和FIB下降具有显著的抑制作用,与模型组相比P〈0.05;并可影响五步蛇毒中毒小鼠外周血血小板（PLT）、红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）计数,与模型组相比P〈0.05。但滴水珠和半夏生药可引起小鼠体重下降,并影响肝脏、胸腺和脾脏指数,与空白对照组相比P〈0.05。结论半夏和滴水珠醇提物及半夏和滴水珠生药均具有一定的抗五步蛇毒作用,乙醇提取能降低半夏和滴水珠的毒性。     

中西医结合治疗五步蛇咬伤患肢肿胀的临床观察

目的 总结中西医结合治疗五步蛇咬伤的治疗方法.方法 将我院2008年9月~2013年4月收治的五步蛇咬伤患者92例随机分为治疗组50例,对照组42例.对照组采用常规治疗方案,治疗组在此基础上加用犀角地黄汤和五味消毒饮加减及加用中医针刺、拔罐.结果 治疗组有效率为96%,对照组为76.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用抗五步蛇毒血清以及中西医结合综合治疗对五步蛇咬伤患肢肿胀具有明显效果,能减少患肢伤残率.     

肝硬化患者凝血4项指标与血小板参数检测的临床价值

目的:探讨肝硬化患者的凝血功能与血小板参数联合监测的临床意义.方法:对88例肝硬化患者的凝血酶时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)等4项凝血指标和血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)等血小板参数进行测定,并与80例正常人进行对照.结果:与对照组相比,患者组 PT、TT、APTT 显著延长(P<0.01),差别有极显著性意义;FIB、PLT、PCT 明显下降(P<0.01),差别有极显著性意义;MPV、PD 高对照组(P<0.05),差别有显著性意义.随着肝硬化患者 Child-Pugh 评分的升高,PLT、PCT 明显下降,MPV、PDW 明显上升;Child-A、Child-B、Child-C 组间 PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW 相互比较,差异均具有显著意义(P<0.05).结论:凝血4项指标与血小板参数指标的联合监测,对临床判定肝硬化患者的肝功能损害程度和有无出血倾向有重要价值.     

乳腺癌血行肺转移模型家兔血小板与凝血功能变化研究

目的 研究乳腺癌血行肺转移模型家兔血小板与凝血功能的变化规律。方法 取健康雌性新西兰白兔12只,随机分为2组：正常组和模型组,模型组家兔左侧第3乳房乳垫注射VX2组织悬液,再经耳缘静脉注射VX2细胞悬液,构建乳腺癌血行肺转移家兔模型。观察42 d内家兔精神状态、饮食情况,监测体重和肿瘤大小,检测血小板相关参数PLT、MPV、PDW、PCT和凝血相关指标PT、APTT、TT、FIB及D-二聚体;实验终点ELISA法检测血清CD63、CD62P、TXB₂及血浆GMP-140水平;取肿瘤组织和肺用10%甲醛固定、石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,光学显微镜下观察肿瘤和肺组织形态变化。结果 家兔乳垫注射VX2组织悬液附加静脉注射VX2细胞悬液,能成功构建乳腺癌血行肺转移家兔模型,肺转移率100%,模型家兔血液处于高凝状态,14～42 d内,PLT、MPV、PCT均明显增加;10～30 d内,PT、APTT、TT均明显缩短,且FIB、D-二聚体含量均明显增加;血清CD63、CD62P、TXB₂及血浆GMP-140水平明显增高;模型家兔乳腺中肿瘤细胞增多、排列疏...     

弥漫性血管内凝血产妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)产妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标检测的临床意义。方法:选择2017年1到2017年12月在我院接受治疗的DIC孕妇57例(DIC组)为研究对象,采取分层抽样的方法选择同期在我院进行产检的正常孕妇57例(健康孕妇组)及在我院体检的健康非孕妇57例(非孕妇组)作为对照,比较各组凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)及血小板计数(PLT)变化,根据DIC组的治疗结果分为有效组和无效组,并比较两亚组治疗前PT、TT、APTT、FIB、D-D、PLT,采用Pearson相关分析法分析DIC组治疗前各检测指标间的相关性。结果:与健康孕妇组、非孕妇组比较,DIC组PT、TT、APTT延长(P0.05),D-D水平升高(P0.05),FIB、PLT水平降低(P0.05);与非孕妇组比较,健康孕妇组PT、TT、APTT缩短(P0.05),D-D水平降低(P0.05),FIB、PLT水平升高(P0.05)。DIC组患者治疗后有效组治疗前的PT、TT、APTT短于无效组(P0.05),D-D水平低于无效组(P0.05);FIB、PLT水平高于无效组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,除PT与APTT之间无明显相关性(P0.05)外,其他凝血、纤溶系统指标之间均存在一定的相关性(P0.05)。结论:DIC孕妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标异常改变,检测凝血与纤溶系统指标对DIC孕妇的诊疗具有重要意义。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤患者血小板及凝血时间的影响

目的研究中药蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤患者凝血障碍的机制。方法将70例竹叶青蛇伤(均符合火毒证诊断标准)患者按SPSS统计软件产生随机数分为治疗组和对照组各35例。两组基础治疗方法均为伤口消毒处理,肌注破伤风抗毒素1500u,使用常规量抗生素,给予地塞米松10mg、奥美拉唑40mg等。对照组在基础治疗上口服季德胜蛇药片10片,每天3次;治疗组在基础治疗上口服蛇伤胶囊5粒,每天3次。两组疗程均为1周。观察两组治疗前后血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。结果治疗前,两组TT、PT、APTT、FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后,治疗组FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW升高值(差值)高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),而且治疗组TT、PT、APTT下降值(差值)高于对照组(P0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊具有减少凝血因子消耗、抗纤溶、改善血小板及其止血功能而治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的作用。     

竹叶青蛇咬伤中毒抗蛇毒血清的选用与优化探讨

目的 探讨竹叶青蛇咬伤治疗中抗蛇毒血清选用策略与优化.方法 收集我院157例竹叶青蛇咬伤住院患者的临床资料,依据抗蛇毒血清的使用情况分为抗五步蛇毒血清单用组(A组)、抗蝮蛇毒血清单用组(B组)、两种抗蛇毒血清联用组(C组),分析比较各组的抗蛇毒血清使用量、治疗效果及不良反应发生情况.结果 157例患者中共应用229支抗...     

铜负荷饲养兔肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理学观察

探讨了新西兰兔在不同剂量铜负荷饮食时肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理的改变。30只新西兰兔分为5组,对照组(第1组)给与正常饲料,每天每公斤体重120g,铜负荷组(第2、3、4、5组)给予含铜的饲料,铜剂量分别为每天每公斤体重01、1、10、20mg,其余饲料用正常饲料补足。每周测体重1次,每10d抽空腹静脉血1次查血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及血清铜,每半个月肝穿刺肝组织查铜一次,并做肝组织HE染色光镜下检查。实验结束时,耳静脉注射空气处死动物,取肝、肾组织块作病理检查及组织铜离子含量测定。5个月饲养期内,实验组血清ALT及血清铜离子含量与对照组相比差异无显著性,但组织中的铜离子含量随饲料含铜量的增加而增加。实验组肝组织铜离子含量与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005),其中最大剂量组与对照组相比差异有极显著性(P<0001)。肾组织铜离子含量中,第4、5组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005)。病理检查中,第2、3组肝脏病理改变轻微,第4、5组有较明显的坏死病变。作者认为新西兰兔对铜的耐受性较好,较大剂量、较长时间服用有较好的安全性,可用于铜实验动物模型的建立,但进食剂量过大(含铜20mgkg体重·d以上),短期内可引起严重的肝肾器官病变。     

不同化疗方案对非小细胞肺癌患者凝血纤溶功能及血小板参数的影响及其临床意义

目的:探讨不同化疗方案对非小细胞肺癌患者凝血纤溶功能及血小板参数的影响及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月至2016年2月于我院进行治疗的96非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,按照化疗方案的不同分为TP组(50例)及GP组(46例),TP组患者给予多西他赛联合卡铂方案(TP方案)进行化疗,GP组患者给予吉西他滨联合卡铂方案(GP方案)进行化疗,另选择45例健康体检者作为对照组。比较三组治疗前者血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、血浆纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)以及D-二聚体(D-dimer)、血小板数(PLT)、血小板比积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)以及大体积血小板比率(P-LCR)及TP组和GP组治疗后以上指标的差异。结果:TP组和GP组患者化疗前PT、APTT、TT、FIB、D-dimer、PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW以及P-LCR水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而TP组与GP组以上指标比较无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗后,TP组和GP组患者PT、APTT、TT、FIB、D-dimer、PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW以及P-LCR水平均较治疗前有所下降,且GP组TT明显长于TP组(P0.05),PLT、PCT明显低于TP组(P0.05)。结论:凝血纤溶功能及血小板参数对于评价不同化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌患者预后具有积极的临床价值,不同化疗方案选择对于患者凝血系统均具有一定的影响。     

Oviposition by Lobesia botrana is stimulated by sugars detected by contact chemoreceptors

Abstract.  The influence of glucose, fructose and sucrose on oviposition site selection by Lobesia botrana is studied by combining behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. Oviposition choice assays, using surrogate grapes treated with grape berry surface extracts of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot at different development stages, show that L. botrana females are most stimulated by extracts of mature berries containing the highest concentrations of glucose and fructose. Choice assays reveal that the oviposition response to these sugars is dose-dependant (with a threshold of the applied solution = 10 m m and a maximum stimulation at 1  m ) and that females are more sensitive to fructose than to glucose. Tarsal contact-chemoreceptor sensilla are unresponsive to stimulation with sugars but the ovipositor sensilla contain at least one neurone most sensitive to fructose and sucrose with a threshold of approximately 0.5 m m . Corresponding to the behavioural data, glucose is significantly less stimulatory to sensilla than fructose or sucrose. It is argued that fructose may be of special importance for herbivorous insects exploiting fruit as an oviposition site.     

Inch by inch, row by row

Bacterial chemotaxis systems have cooperatively interacting clusters of transmembrane receptors and signaling proteins to detect, amplify, integrate and adapt to environmental signals. A recent study provides experimental data to construct a new model of the signaling complex.     

Log colonization by Ips sexdentatus prevented by increasing host unsuitability signaled by verbenone

Sudden increments of breeding material after windstorms, forest fires, or inappropriate management practices help bark beetles such as Ips sexdentatus Boerner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) increase in numbers and colonize standing healthy pine trees. Preventing bark beetles from arriving to susceptible trees or logs may have great relevance for bark beetle management. Recent studies have reported inhibition of the aggregation response of I. sexdentatus using verbenone. Two field experiments were conducted to examine the effect of verbenone on the colonization pattern of this beetle. The first experiment tested the combined effect of trans‐conophthorin, a non‐host bark volatile with known repellent effect, and verbenone on Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae) log piles of two sizes, but failed to protect them against I. sexdentatus attack when these two infochemicals were released at low rates. The results of this experiment suggested an interaction with the associated secondary bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston). A second experiment examined the response of I. sexdentatus and O. erosus to log piles that released verbenone at 0, 2, 10, or 40 mg day^?1. Although I. sexdentatus colonization of Pinus nigra Arnold logs was completely prevented at 40 mg day^?1, O. erosus could be found at all tested verbenone release rates. Besides verbenone, O. erosus colonization density and the height from which logs originated were the variables that best explained I. sexdentatus log colonization pattern. In addition, I. sexdentatus and O. erosus were rarely recorded colonizing the same log, and niche breadth analyses suggested that they excluded each other. The role of verbenone in the colonization process and its potential use in the prevention of population buildups of damaging bark beetles such as I. sexdentatus are discussed.     

Reactivation by copper of phenolase pre-inactivated by oxalate

The activity of spinach chloroplast phenolase which had been repressed by ammonium oxalate was restored by adding copper. Oxalate appears to bind to the enzyme at a single site, the binding paralleling the inhibition produced at neutral pH. The inhibition of oxalate is due to its binding with copper at the active centre to form an inactive complex, the oxalate moiety of which is releasable when more copper is added. Similar reactivation by copper was obtained with pure mushroom phenolase.     

Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts is regulated by decorin

Decorin is a small, leucine-rich proteoglycan that binds to collagen and regulates fibrillogenesis. We hypothesized that decorin binding to collagen inhibits phagocytosis of collagen fibrils. To determine the effects of decorin on collagen degradation, we analyzed phagocytosis of collagen and collagen/decorin-coated fluorescent beads by Rat-2 and gingival fibroblasts. Collagen beads bound to gingival cells by alpha2beta1 integrins. Binding and internalization of decorin/collagen-coated beads decreased dose-dependently with increasing decorin concentration (p < 0.001). Inhibition of binding was sustained over 5 h (p < 0.001) and was attributed to interactions between decorin and collagen and not to decorin-collagen receptor interactions. Both the non-glycosylated decorin core protein and the thermally denatured decorin significantly inhibited collagen bead binding (approximately 50 and 89%, respectively; p < 0.05). Mimetic peptides corresponding to leucine-rich repeats 1-3, encompassed by a collagen-binding approximately 11-kDa cyanogen bromide fragment of decorin and leucine-rich repeats 4 and 5, previously shown to bind to collagen, were tested for their ability to inhibit collagen bead binding. Although the synthetic peptide 3 alone exhibited saturable binding to collagen, neither peptides 3 nor 1 and 2 markedly inhibited phagocytosis. Leucine-rich repeat 3 bound to a triple helical peptide containing the alpha2 integrin-binding site of collagen. When collagen beads were co-incubated with peptides 3 and 4, inhibition of collagen phagocytosis (55%) was equivalent to intact native/recombinant core protein. Thus a novel collagen binding domain in decorin acts cooperatively with leucine-rich repeat 4 to mask the alpha2beta1 integrin-binding site on collagen, an important sequence for the phagocytosis of collagen fibrils.     

Separation by capillary electrophoresis followed by dynamic elution

In this study we have explored the behaviour of peptides after capillary electrophoresis (CE) followed by elution under pressure. The use of D2O- rather than H2O-based buffer solutions appears to restrict the diffusion of peptides after CE, resulting in little loss of resolution when peptides are eluted by dynamic flow. In this paper we present results showing that a simple two-step process, involving CE at a low voltage, switching off the power supply, and connecting the fused capillary at the anode end to a syringe pump for dynamic flow, can retain separation characteristics and can be used for the isolation of picomole quantities of peptides for sequence determination.     

Polarity induced by chloramphenicol and relief by suA

The suA allele, known to relieve polarity in Escherichia coli, also relieves a unique polar effect on E. coli tryptophan operon messenger RNA produced by chloramphenicol.