粉尘螨生殖系统形态学研究

粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae是一种重要的医学螨类。本文用光镜和扫描电镜研究了粉尘螨雌雄生殖系统的形态和结构。结果表明：雄性生殖系统由睾丸、输精管、 附腺、射精管、阳茎及附属交配器官组成。睾丸位于血腔末端,不成对,精原细胞、精母细胞和精子依照精子发育的顺序有规则地分布在其内部。雌性生殖系统包括交配孔、囊导管、储精囊、囊导管、卵巢、输卵管、子宫、产卵管及产卵孔,其中卵巢由一个中央营养细胞和围绕其周围的卵母细胞组成。     

体外神经干细胞克隆球的超微结构-透射电镜观察

为观察培养的神经干细胞克隆球内部的超微结构特征,采用无血清培养技术,在体外进行小鼠纹状体神经干细胞克隆球的培养传代,经过免疫细胞化学鉴定后,对单一的神经干细胞克隆球进行固定,常规透射电镜观察。结果表明,神经干细胞可以在bFGF等生长因子存在的情况下,在无血清培养液内增殖生成悬浮状态的神经干细胞克隆球,这种克隆可被诱导生成神经细胞和神经胶质细胞,电镜下,神经干细胞克隆球内部细胞相互间可形成特化的膜性结构,细胞内可有小泡出现,部分细胞有凋亡的形态。     

贻贝雄性生殖系统的组织学和超微结构

贻贝雄性生殖系统中精巢由树枝状的生殖管,输精管民。生殖管反复分枝成生精小管而末端膨大的泡囊,二者皆由位于基膜上的生殖上皮和管壁上皮构成,生殖上皮是由圆形或卵圆形的精原细胞组成,精原细胞最大,核内染色质稀疏,靠核膜内侧分布,核仁一个,明显。初级精母细胞上,染色质开始集成小团块,线粒体向细胞的一侧集中,次级精母细胞与表母细胞结构相似,染色质浓缩成数大块,核膜或散布于核内,精细胞内开始出现顶体颗粒并逐渐     

改良透射电镜方法观察小鼠ICSI胚胎核仁超微结构

小鼠植入前胚胎的发育过程中,核仁经历从简单到复杂、从致密结构到网状结构的变化。对核仁超微结构的观察有助于揭示早期胚胎发育过程中核仁结构的动态变化及其特定阶段的功能。但由于核仁结构微小,数目较少,并且在胚胎中只处于卵裂球细胞核的内部,难以定位,因而给核仁的超微结构观察带来很大的困难。本实验探索了透射电镜观察小鼠植入前胚胎核仁的方法:先用琼脂对小鼠胚胎进行预包埋,在经过常规的透射电镜样品制备流程后,将整个胚胎先切成半薄切片;经过甲苯胺蓝染色后,选取含核仁结构的切片进行重包埋;最后再对回收来的半薄切片进行超薄切片,醋酸铀染色后上电镜观察;最终成功获得小鼠胚胎植入前发育不同时期核仁清晰的透射电镜图像。     

水淹对钉螺卵影响的透射电镜观察

春汛期钉螺繁殖期在洞庭湖现场进行水淹螺卵试验，观察螺卵结构的动态变化。结果显示，对照组螺卵胶膜由胶原纤维层和基底膜组成，卵细胞核大，呈圆形或椭圆形，染色质丰富，细胞内含丰富线粒体、内质网和分泌颗粒等。水淹１０ｄ时，结构尚未见明显变化；至２０ｄ时，胶膜胶原纤维横纹不清，断裂有空洞，线粒体肿胀，嵴结构不清，核内染色质减少；３０ｄ时，出现核固缩或崩解，线粒体消失。说明在螺卵发育期水淹能很快使其发生病理损     

文昌鱼精巢的超微结构

文昌鱼是典型的脊索动物,在生物进化中具有特殊地位,被作为动物学教学中的重要材料之一。文昌鱼在我国沿海地区如厦门、汕头、海南均有分布。但由于其数量的日趋减少,近年已被列为国家二级保护动物。文昌鱼雌雄异体,精巢是精子形成和排泄的雄性生殖器官,对其物种的延续和性状的遗传具有重要作用。为了了解文昌鱼生殖系统的结构和生殖细胞的形成过程,笔者曾对厦门文昌鱼(Branchiostomalelcheri)精巢进行了观察,现将有关资料介绍如下。     

斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构

【目的】明确斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula雌成虫生殖系统整体形态及超微结构特征,为蜡蝉总科昆虫分类及系统发育探讨提供更多形态学证据。【方法】采用光学显微镜与透射电子显微镜,观察斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统整体形态和各主要器官的超微结构。【结果】斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统主要包括1对卵巢、1个中输卵管、1个交配囊、1个交配囊管、1个前阴道、1个后阴道、1个受精囊、1个受精管和2根受精囊附腺。卵巢为端滋式,由14根卵巢小管组成,卵室由固有膜、滤泡细胞和卵细胞组成,卵巢小管中的滋养细胞清晰可见;中输卵管位于前阴道基部,由中输卵管腔、上皮细胞、肌肉鞘和基膜组成;交配囊膨大呈圆球状,囊壁由上皮细胞、肌肉层和基膜组成;交配囊管呈圆柱状,连接交配囊和后阴道,由肌肉鞘、上皮细胞层和管腔组成;前、后阴道超微结构相似,主要由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和管腔组成,但后阴道上皮细胞细胞核周围存在分泌颗粒,且管腔内有大量微绒毛,而前阴道壁内包含有大量囊泡结构;受精管从中输卵管末端延伸至受精囊,由基膜、厚层肌肉鞘和管腔组成;受精囊为受精管近末端略膨大的囊状结构,由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和囊腔构成;雌性受精囊附腺着...     

斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构

【目的】明确斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula雌成虫生殖系统整体形态及超微结构特征,为蜡蝉总科昆虫分类及系统发育探讨提供更多形态学证据。【方法】采用光学显微镜与透射电子显微镜,观察斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统整体形态和各主要器官的超微结构。【结果】斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统主要包括1对卵巢、1个中输卵管、1个交配囊、1个交配囊管、1个前阴道、1个后阴道、1个受精囊、1个受精管和2根受精囊附腺。卵巢为端滋式,由14根卵巢小管组成,卵室由固有膜、滤泡细胞和卵细胞组成,卵巢小管中的滋养细胞清晰可见;中输卵管位于前阴道基部,由中输卵管腔、上皮细胞、肌肉鞘和基膜组成;交配囊膨大呈圆球状,囊壁由上皮细胞、肌肉层和基膜组成;交配囊管呈圆柱状,连接交配囊和后阴道,由肌肉鞘、上皮细胞层和管腔组成;前、后阴道超微结构相似,主要由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和管腔组成,但后阴道上皮细胞细胞核周围存在分泌颗粒,且管腔内有大量微绒毛,而前阴道壁内包含有大量囊泡结构;受精管从中输卵管末端延伸至受精囊,由基膜、厚层肌肉鞘和管腔组成;受精囊为受精管近末端略膨大的囊状结构,由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和囊腔构成;雌性受精囊附腺着生于受精囊末端,为均匀的螺旋管状,主要由肌肉层、上皮细胞层和附腺中心管腔组成。【结论】斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统与已报道的蜡蝉总科其他类群的雌性生殖系统结构相似,但卵巢小管数目有差异;蝉亚目中不同总科雌成虫雌性附腺与受精囊附腺的形态特征存在明显区别;斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构与叶蝉总科和沫蝉总科昆虫也存在部分差异。这些差异是否可以作为头喙亚目高级阶元的划分依据仍有待于进一步研究。     

日本沼虾雄性生殖系统的研究：Ⅱ.精子的形态及超微结构

运用电镜和细胞化学技术研究了日本沼虾精子的形态结构,结果表明：日本沼虾精子属无鞭毛精子,为单一棘突型,呈图钉样,由主体和棘突构成;主体部分为帽状体,精核和细胞质带。帽状体由约２０根辐射状纤丝组成,纤丝上具横纹,并汇合帽状基部,由此向后延伸形成棘突。     

粉尘螨消化系统的形态学观察

光镜下观察了粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae消化系统结构,其组成包括：口前腔、前肠、中肠、后肠、肛门和唾液腺。口前腔由颚体围绕而成;前肠包括一个肌肉的咽和食道,食道从脑中穿过;中肠分为前中肠（包括一对盲肠）和后中肠,中肠的上皮细胞呈现多种形态; 后肠包括相对大的结肠和狭窄的直肠;消化腺为不规则形,位于脑前方。本文阐述了消化道的分支情况、显微结构及细胞形态。     

屋尘螨成螨形态的扫描电镜观察

【目的】利用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy, SEM）观察屋尘螨Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus颚体、 躯体、 外生殖器及足等的形态结构。【方法】从床尘、 枕尘中采集屋尘螨, 分离出雌雄成螨, 在体视显微镜下清洗处理活螨后, 用SEM观察其外部形态特征。【结果】SEM照片显示, 屋尘螨螯肢钳状, 须肢扁平; 体表具细密皮纹, 似指纹状, 纹间距小于2 μm。外生殖器位于腹面正中, 雌螨为产卵孔, 雄螨生殖孔具1对叶状生殖盖。肛门呈纵行裂孔, 雄螨具2个肛吸盘。雌螨足跗节末端各具爪垫1个, 雄螨跗节Ⅳ具2个吸盘。【结论】本研究观察结果为尘螨鉴定提供了更多依据。     

Contamination of Passenger Trains with Dermatophagoides (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) Mite Antigen in Japan

Passenger trains were surveyed for contamination with Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouesart) mites in Japan. A total of 492 dust samples were collected from upholstered seats in six commuter trains, one long-distance express train and three night trains in October, 1996 and January, April, and July, 1997. Mite antigen levels contained in fine dust fractions of these samples were measured by an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Most samples obtained from commuter trains showed relatively high mite antigen levels of >10gm^–2 (corresponding to >100 mites). Express and night trains showed lower antigen levels per square meter, but higher mite antigen levels per gram of fine dust than commuter trains, indicating relatively high mite antigen densities. Seasonal comparisons indicated that commuter trains showed the highest mean antigen level per square meter in winter (January), whereas the highest antigen level per gram of fine dust was observed in summer (July) in express and night trains.     

Short communication. Clustering reduces water loss by adult American house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

We investigated male clustering behaviour in large bulk cultures of the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Aggregation in the colony was restricted to males only. The water loss rates for individual males in isolation and as a group of six were determined. Males in a group of six retained water nearly twice as effectively (they had lower rates of net water loss) than individuals. Clustering is thus an adaptive behaviour to help reduce water loss. Because the clustering response was observed exclusively by males, this behaviour may serve an additional purpose that involves a pheromone system.     

苹毛丽金龟触角嗅感器超微结构

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对苹毛丽金龟Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann)雌雄成虫触角嗅感器超微结构特征进行研究。结果表明:嗅感器集中于触角鳃片上,分布在触角鳃片表皮内陷形成的凹腔里,有5种感器,以板状感器为主,以外还有锥状感器、腔状感器、腔锥状感器和毛状感器。板状感器根据盘体形状的不同可分为4种类型,锥状感器根据锥体形状的差异可分为2种类型,腔锥状感器根据形状分为2种类型。嗅感器表皮有微孔和孔道微管。嗅感器内神经元的数目并不一致,1～2个不等。雄虫鳃片嗅感器总数显著多于雌性,是雌虫嗅感器总数1.8倍。其中雄性锥状感器的数目是雌性2倍,雌虫腔锥状感器数量是雄虫的4倍,雄虫板状感器数量是雌虫的2倍,雌雄腔状感器的数目无显著性差异。     

Identification of telocytes in the lamina propria of rat duodenum: transmission electron microscopy

Recently the new term 'telocytes' has been proposed for cells formerly known as interstitial Cajal-like cells. In fact, telocytes are not really Cajal-like cells, they being different from all other interstitial cells by the presence of telopodes, which are cell-body prolongations, very thin, extremely long with a moniliform aspect. The identification of these cells is based on ultrastructural criteria. The presence of telocytes in others organs was previously documented. We reported for the first time, an ultrastructural study of telocytes in the lamina propria of rat duodenum. Our findings show that typical telocytes are present in the rat duodenum. Telocytes are located in the lamina propria, immediately below mucosal crypts. Telopodes frequently establish close spatial relationships with immune cells, blood vessels and nerve endings. On the basis of their distribution and morphology, we suggest that these cells may be involved in immune response and in our opinion, it may be possible that different locations of telocytes could be associated with different roles.     

Morphology and ultrastructure of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) spermatozoa using scanning and transmission electron microscopy

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Available data concerning the sperm morphology of teleost fishes demonstrate wide variation. In the present study, the spermatozoa of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869), a chondrostean fish, was investigated. In contrast with teleost fish, chondrostean spermatozoa have a head with a distinct acrosome, whereas other structures, such as a midpiece and a single flagellum, are present in spermatozoa of most species. RESULTS: The average length of the head including the acrosome and the midpiece was 7.01+/-0.83 microm. Ten posterolateral projections derived from the acrosome were present on a subacrosomal region, with mean lengths of 0.94+/-0.15 microm and widths of 0.93+/-0.11 microm. The nucleus consisted of electrodense homogeneous nuclear chromatin. Three intertwining endonuclear canals, bound by membranes, traversed the nucleus longitudinally from the acrosomal end to the basal nuclear fossa region. There were between three and six mitochondria, two types of centrioles (proximal and distal) in the midpiece and two vacuoles composed of lipid droplets. The flagellum (44.75+/-4.93 microm in length), originating from the centriolar apparatus, had a typical 9+2 eukaryotic flagellar organization. In addition, there was an extracellular cytoplasm canal between the cytoplasmic sheath and the flagellum. CONCLUSIONS: A principal components analysis explained the individual morphological variation fairly well. Of the total accumulated variance, 41.45% was accounted for by parameters related to the head and midpiece of the sperm and the length of the flagellum. Comparing the present study with previous studies of morphology of sturgeon spermatozoa, there were large inter- or intra-specific differences that could be valuable taxonomically.     

角马蜂贮精囊及精子的形态学观察

昆虫贮精囊和精子的形态多样性是重要的分类和系统发育分析特征之一, 然而在马蜂亚科乃至整个胡蜂科中却鲜有涉及。本文首次解剖了角马蜂Polistes chinensis antennalis Pérez的雄性生殖系统, 着重对其贮精囊的超微结构进行描述, 并简要报道了精子的外部形态。角马蜂的贮精囊由输精管亚前端膨大而成, 有一层发达的柱状上皮细胞贴在基底膜内壁： 细胞核位于柱状细胞基部, 上皮细胞端半部线粒体密集, 顶膜特化成微绒毛。角马蜂精子头长21.4 μm, 体长94 μm, 是已报道胡蜂科精子中长度最短、 相对头长最长的种类。研究结果为胡蜂科昆虫系统发育以及繁殖生理提供理论依据。