乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统树生地衣群落结构

为了探明乌鲁木齐南部山区树生地衣种类及其群落结构特征, 应用多元分析中的主成分分析及聚类分析方法, 对分布在乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统中的树生地衣植物群落进行数量分类, 并对其群落结构的物种多样性、相似性和均匀度等群落参数进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明, 分布在乌鲁木齐南部山区的树生地衣共有39种, 隶属于5目13科26属。根据多元分析结果, 将该地区的树生地衣划分为3种类型: (1) 小茶渍(Lecanora hageni (Ach.) Ach.) + 蜈蚣衣(Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.) + 柳茶渍(L. saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr.)群落; (2) 斑面蜈蚣衣(Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Furm.) + 对开蜈蚣衣(Ph. dimidiata (Arn.) Nyl.) + 喇叭石蕊(Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.)群落; (3) 拟石黄衣(Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold.) + 丽石黄衣(X. elegans (Link.) Th. Fr.)群落。群落3的多样性指数最大, 为1.509, 其次为群落2, 其多样性指数为1.109, 群落1的多样性指数最低, 为1.088。同时, 研究发现海拔高度和树种是影响乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统树生地衣结构的两个重要因素。     

Ecological traits of the lichen flora of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra)

A lichen biodiversity study conducted in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (district) reports 958 species in 199 genera and 72 families. Cetrelia alaskana (Llano) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. is new to West Siberia; Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach., Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel et A. J. Schwab, and Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. are new to Siberia; Acarospora fusca B. de Lesd., Cliostomum tenerum (Nyl.) Coppins et S. Ekman, Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold, and P. stalactiza Nyl. are new to Russia. High diversity of epilithic lichens is ecologically due to a variety of ecotopes that include mountain habitats on the eastern spurs of the Subarctic and Northern Urals in addition to plain ones.     

Juvenile Development and Diaspore Survival in the Threatened Epiphytic Lichen Species Sticta fuliginosa, Leptogium saturninum and Menegazzia terebrata: Conclusions for in situ Conservation

Abstract: Development and growth of the three threatened epiphytic lichen species Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. and Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) Massal. was investigated by low temperature scanning electron microscopy and macro‐photography. Small cotton gauze discs acting as artificial substrata were fixed with aluminium staples on the bark of selected trees and vegetative diaspores (isidia or soredia) were transferred onto these discs. The subsequent development into small thalli of up to 3 mm length was observed within the 32‐month study period. All three species produced anchoring hyphae within the first month after transplantation. Two months later 52 % of the S. fuliginosa diaspores were still on the gauze discs and after 16 months 29 % remained attached. For L. saturninum, the corresponding percentages were 46 % and 19 %, respectively. First lobes resembling adult thalli were observed after 8 to 12 months in S. fuliginosa and L. saturninum but only after 16 months in M. terebrata. All three species developed usually more than one thallus primordium (pseudomeristematic growth zone) per isidium or soredial cluster. Transplanted thallus fragments were able to fix themselves on the new substratum but in all three species large parts degenerated and fell off during the first year, particularly in S. fuliginosa. The results show that the juvenile development of the investigated species is not restricted by microclimatic factors at the study site. We therefore conclude that the juvenile development is not the restricting factor in regard to growth and population survival. Other factors, such as the competition with bryophytes, insufficient diaspore dispersal or forest management practice must account for the small population sizes. The described transplantation technique of vegetative diaspores has proved to be very useful for the augmentation of small populations without damaging the existing thalli and we suggest use of this method for in situ conservation of endangered lichen species.     

Additions to the lichen family Pannariaceae in Ecuador

Collections from high altitudes (3840–5100 m a.s.l.) have added several species to the Pannariaceae of Ecuador: Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Pannaria hookeri, Psoroma paleaceum and Psoroma tenue are new to the Andes, and phytogeographic consequences of these are discussed. The following new taxa are described: Parmeliella corallina P. M. Jørg. & Palice, Parmeliella psoromoides P. M. Jørg. & Palice, Psoroma cinnamomeum ssp. andinum P. M. Jørg. & Palice and Santessoniella macrospora P. M. Jørg. & Palice. They are part of a high‐andean element which is not well known and is indicative of a migration route between the polar regions. In addition, two species with associated cyanobacteria, as the primary or secondary symbiont, are reported for the first time from South America: Thelignya lignyota (Wahlenb.) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen and Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr, both originating from the Northern Hemisphere.     

CALOPLACA MARITIMA,A MISUNDERSTOOD SPECIES IN WESTERN EUROPE

Caloplaca maritimaB. de Lesd. is a marine to maritime species occurring in western Europe. It was first described as a variety ofC. citrina(Hoffm.) Th. Fr., but in 1953 was transferred to specific level. Since thenC. maritimahas been more or less forgotten and/or misunderstood, mainly due to confusion withC. ruderum(Malbr.) J. R. Laundon,C. interfulgens(Nyl.) J. Steiner, andC. marina(Wedd.) Zahlbr. The present paper reports on the existence ofC. maritimaand clarifies its status in relation toC. marinaand to other related species. A map of the presently known distribution is presented and the species is depicted. Lectotypes forCaloplaca citrinavar.maritimaC. citrinavar.maritimaf.laevigataare selected.     

Bryophytes from the southeastern Yukon Territory,Canada

One hundred and forty-five taxa of bryophytes are reported from the extreme southeastern Yukon. Eight species of Hepaticae and 13 of mosses represent new records for the Yukon, which are Calypogeia suecica (S. Arnell & Perss.) K. Müll., Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh.) Dum., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum., Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph., Pellia neesiana (Gott.) Limpr., Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Hampe, Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth., Tritomaria exsecta (Schmid.) Schiffn., Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb., Brachythecium rivulare B.S.G., B. rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G., Bryum blindii B.S.G., Didymodon rigidulus Hedw., D. tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa, Drepanocladus trichophyllus (Warnst.) Podp., Hygroamblystegium noterophilum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Warnst., Hygrohypnum molle (Hedw.) Loeske, Plagiomnium ciliare (C. Müll.) Kop., P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop., Platydictya minutissimum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Crum, and Pylaisiella selwynii (Kindb.) Crum, Steere & Anderson. Many of the other collections represent wide extensions of range within the Yukon Territory.     

Studies in the lichen family Pannariaceae X. The lichen genus Protopannaria in the subantarctic islands.

The lichen genus Protopannaria is defined as different from Pannaria, being a bipolar taxon with three (of four) species in the subantarctic region: P. austro-orcadensis (Øvst.) comb. nov. in the western part and P. alcicornis P.M. Jørg. & R.S. Poulsen sp. nov. as well as P. azorellae P.M. Jørg. & R.S. Poulsen sp. nov. in the eastern one (Kerguelen), showing the greatest diversity there.     

石耳科(子囊菌亚门)的间断分布和替代现象

本文报道了石耳科的两个亚洲的,也是美洲以外的新记录种,即角石耳与深色石耳。进一步证实了单果石耳在南大西洋的,即南美洲和南部非洲的间断分布。对于上述种类以及本科其它一些种类的间断分布和替代现象进行了分析讨论。     

新疆梅衣属地衣生态地理特征分析

根据多年的实地调查资料和相关研究资料,对新疆梅衣属（Parmelia Ach．）地衣的种类及分布区、区系特征和垂直分布特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,分布在新疆的梅衣属地衣共有6种,分别为破裂梅衣（Parmelia erumpens Kurok．）、稀生梅衣（P．meiophora Nyl．）、脐梅衣[P．omphalodes（L．）Ach．]、石梅衣[P．saxatilis（L．）Ach．]、槽梅衣（P．sulcata Tayl．）和亚广开梅衣（P．fertilis Muell．）,主要分布在新疆的天山和阿勒泰山。根据对环境的适应特征和选择性,将新疆梅衣属地衣的地理分布区类型划分为：1）环低北极及北方种,包括石梅衣和脐梅衣2种;2）环北方种,包括槽梅衣和稀生梅衣2种;3）温带亚洲种,包括亚广开梅衣和稀生梅衣2种。研究结果还显示,分布在阿勒泰山和天山的梅衣属种类的垂直分布有明显差异。     

The role of water lichens in the biogeochemical processes in the Lake Baikal stony littoral

Water crustose lichens of g. Verrucaria (V. scabra Vězda, V. rheitrophyla Zsch., V. maura Wahlenb. in Ach., and V. hydrela Ach.) and water foliose lichen Collema ramenskii Elenk. were studied in the stony littoral of the western coast of Lake Baikal in 2002–2006. Their densities were highest at depths of 1.5 to 2 m; 95–100% of rock fragments collected from the depths of 1.5–2.2 m were covered by plentiful crustose thalli of Verrucaria spp. Lichens make a large contribute to the destruction of the stony ground in the shallow-water zone. Unlike water, foliose and crustose lichens concentrate Ti, La, Ce, Y, Mn, and Th. Thalli of Collema ramenskii differ from Verrucaria species in their ability to accumulate Zn, Co, and Ni. Compared to the bottom sediments, all the studied water lichen species concentrate Zn, while Collema ramenskiiconcentrate Zn and Mo.     

The lichen genus Diploschistes in India and Nepal

Abstract: A taxonomic revision of 15 taxa of Diploschistes from India and Nepal is presented. Two species, D. awasthii and D. nepalensis, are described as new. Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.,) Vainio, D. diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch and D. euganeus (Massal.) Steiner are new records for the lichen flora of India.     

SYSTEMATICS OF TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES (GRAMINEAE)

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. extends across the range of this genus from about 42°N to 24°S latitude in the New World. It is recognized to include T. dactyloides var. dactyloides (North America), var. meridonale deWet et Timothy (South America), var. hispidum (Hitchc.) deWet et Harlan comb. nov. (Mesoamerica) and var. mexicanum deWet et Harlan var. nov. (Mesoamericana). The genus is divided into sections Tripsacum and Fasciculatum. Mesoamerican members of section Tripsacum are classified into T. bravum Gray, T. dactyloides (L.) L., T. intermedium deWet et Harlan spec, nov., T. latifolium Hitchc., T. manisuroides deWet et Harlan spec. nov. and T. zopilotense Hern,*** et Randolph. A key to the species of section Tripsacum is presented.     

Lecanora schistina (nyl.) Arnold,a lichen with dimorphic conidia

Abstract: The lichen Lecanora schistina (Nyl.) Arnold has two kinds of conidia: filiform microconidia and obpyriform macroconidia. Both appear mixed in the same conidioma, the former being much more abundant. Sometimes these conidiomata contain a third type of conidia (microconidia) belonging most probably to a lichenicolous coelomycete living in the conidiomata of the lichen.     

值得注意的中国植物(续)

续报道了大戟科等 8个分类单位。大果留萼木 ( Blachia andamanica)为广东和海南的新记录 ;崖州留萼木 ( B.jatrophifolia)的新异名为 B.yaihsienensis;黄毛果巴豆 ( Croton lachynocarpusvar.kwangsiensis)是降级新组合 ;黄蓉花 ( Dalechampia bidentata)分布至云南西南部 ,D. bidentata var. yunnanensis为其新异名 ;海人树 ( Suriana maritima) ,广东省的东沙群岛才有 ,台湾不产 ;锥序丁公藤 ( Erycibe subspicata)其分布东缘在贵州西南部 ;头花小牵牛 ( Jacquemontia tamnifolia) ,广东的归化杂草 ;松下草 ( Petrosavissinii) ,广东新记录     

Occurrence and chemical diversity of the genus Bryoria in the Sučí Potok Valley, Veporské Vrchy Mountains (Central Slovakia)

Four species of the genus, Bryoria were found in the Sučí Potok Valley: B. capilaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. The most common species in the valley was B. implexa. Four chemotypes of this lichen were recognized.     

62. G. Follmann: Chilenische Wanderflechten

• 1 . Es wird erstmalig über das Vorkommen von Wanderflechten in Südamerika berichtet
• 2 . Als solche kommen die Laub- und Strauchflechten Parmelia vagans (Nyl.) Nyl., Roccella cervicornis Follm. spec. nov. und Tornabenia ephebaea (Ach.) Kur. in der nordchilenischen Atacamawüste vor
• 3 . Geographie, Ökologie, Soziologie und Systematik der chilenischen Ärolichenen werden erörtert
• 4 . Die Diagnose der neuen endemischen Roccella cervicornis Follm. spec. nov. wird vorgelegt

     

Cyclopropane Fatty acids in relation to earliness in spring and drought tolerance in plants

Long chain cyclopropane fatty acids were observed in the sulfolipid fraction extracted from leaves of the early spring plants Galanthus nivalis L. and Anthriscus silvestris L. (Hoffm.). The content of cyclopropane fatty acids with 25 carbon atoms appeared to be clearly correlated with earliness in spring, and it ranged from 68% (G. nivalis L., snow drop) to 0.5% (wheat). Several long chain cyclopropane fatty acids were found in the drought-tolerant Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.B., exclusively in the phosphatidyl choline fraction.     

新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落结构特征

根据对新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落20个样点(20m×20m)调查的数据,以各地衣种的盖度为指标结合双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对博格达山岩面生地衣群落进行数量分类并分析了群落结构特征及其多样性和相似性。采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果表明,TWINSPAN分析和DCA排序将分布在博格达山的37种岩面生地衣分为以下5个群丛。群丛1:斑纹网衣(Lecidea tessellate Florke)+粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca(Ach.)Poelt)+杜瑞氏黄梅(Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale)群丛,有25个种,总覆盖度为30.145%,多样性为4.025;群丛2:袋衣(Hypogymnia physodes(L.)Nyl.)+白边平茶渍(Aspicilia sublaqueata(H.Magn.)J.C.Wei)+砖孢胶衣(Collema subconveniens Nyl.)群丛,有17个种,地衣总盖度为15.885%,多样性为3.196;群丛3:聚茶渍(Lecanora accumulate H.Magn.)+丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans(Link)Th.Fr.)+亚洲平茶渍(Aspicilia asiatica(H.Magn.)Yoshim.)群丛,有30个种,地衣总盖度为37.87%,多样性为4.357;群丛4:中华石果衣(Endocarpon sinense H.Magn.)+伴藓大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia muscigena(Ach.)Poelt.)+垫脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.)LeuckertPoelt)群丛,有24个种,地衣总盖度为30.458%,多样性为3.912;群丛5:石胶衣(Collema flaccidum(Ach.)Ach.)+短绒皮果衣(Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke)+绿黑地图衣(Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen)Korber.)群丛,有18个种,地衣总盖度为19.331%,多样性为3.515。CCA排序结果反映,该地区岩面生地衣的分布与海拔高度、光照强度、岩石pH和人为干扰有关,其中影响最大的因素是海拔高度,其次为光照强度和干扰。坡向和岩石大小对地衣种类分布的影响不显著。     

The Role of Calcium in Intracellular Cadmium Uptake by the Lichen Peltigera membranacea

The possible role of calcium in the intracellular uptake ofcadmium by the lichen Peltigera membranacea was investigated.Even when calcium was removed from extracellular sites by potassiumpretreatment, kinetic studies failed to provide evidence insupport of added calcium being a competitive inhibitor of cadmiumuptake. Calcium and cadmium uptake responded differently tothe presence of lanthanum, vanadate or verapamil. Except forthe effect of verapamil, intracellular of cadmium mostly reflectedthe quantity of cadmium bound to extracellular exchange sites.Copyright1993, 1999 Academic Press Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl., intracellular cadmium uptake, calcium uptake inhibitors, lichen