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1.
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the body fat distribution pattern in prepubertal Chinese children and to investigate the relationship between central fat distribution and specific biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Research Methods and Procedures: The study was conducted in an urban Mainland Chinese (Jinan, Shandong) sample of children using a cross‐sectional design. Pubertal status was determined by Tanner criteria. Measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, DXA measures of total body fat and trunk fat; fasting serum measures of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple regression models were developed with the biomarkers of cardiovascular risk factor as the dependent variables, and adjustments were made for significant covariates, including sex, age, height, weight, waist circumference, total body fat, trunk fat, and interactions. Results: A total of 247 healthy prepubertal subjects were studied. After co‐varying for age, weight, height, and extremity fat (the sum of arm fat and leg fat), girls had greater trunk fat than boys (p < 0.0001, R2 for model = 0.95). Insulin and triglyceride were positively related to central fat measured by DXA‐trunk fat (p < 0.05) but not related to the waist circumference. In the blood pressure model, waist circumference was a significant predictor of both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, while DXA‐trunk fat was associated with diastolic blood pressure only. Significant interactions between sex and trunk fat, and sex and total fat, were found in relation to diastolic blood pressure. Discussion: In prepubertal Chinese children, greater trunk fat was significantly associated with higher insulin and triglyceride in boys and girls and was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in boys only.  相似文献   

2.
Many captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are subjectively considered to be overweight or obese. However, discussions of obesity in chimpanzees are rare in the literature, despite the acknowledged problem. No study to date has systematically examined obesity in captive chimpanzees. This project develops guidelines for defining obesity in captive chimpanzees through the examination of morphometric and physiologic characteristics in 37 adult female and 22 adult male chimpanzees. During each animal's biannual physical exam, morphometric data was collected including seven skinfolds (mm), body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), and total body weight (kg). The morphometric characteristics were correlated with triglycerides and serum glucose concentration, to test the utility of morphometrics in predicting relative obesity in captive chimpanzees. Abdominal skinfold (triglyceride: F=3.83, P=0.05; glucose: F=3.83, P=0.05) and BMI (triglyceride: F=10.42, p=0.003; glucose: F=6.20, P=0.02) were predictive of increased triglycerides and serum glucose in females; however no morphometric characteristics were predictive of relative obesity in males. Results suggest that no males in this population are overweight or obese. For females, there were additional significant differences in morphometric (skinfolds, BMI, WHR, total body weight) and physiologic measurements (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, red blood cells) between individuals classified overweight and those classified non‐overweight. Skinfold measurements, particularly abdominal, seem to be an accurate measure of obesity and thus potential cardiovascular risk in female chimpanzees, but not males. By establishing a baseline for estimated body fat composition in female captive chimpanzees, institutions can track individuals empirically determined to be obese, as well as obesity‐related health problems. Zoo Biol 0:1–12, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

3.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a first‐degree family history of type 2 diabetes on white blood cell (WBC) count, a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, in glucose‐tolerant adult women Research Methods and Procedures: WBC count was measured in 174 normal weight, overweight, and obese female offspring of type 2 diabetic patients (FH+) and 174 age‐ and BMI‐matched female controls with no family history of type 2 diabetes (FH?). Other measurements included fat mass (FM), measured by body impedance analysis; central fat accumulation, evaluated by waist circumference; insulin resistance, estimated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. Results: WBC count, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly higher in FH+ than in FH? subjects. In FH+ individuals, WBC count was positively associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, HOMAIR, and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and negatively correlated with age and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. In FH? subjects, WBC count was directly associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and inversely correlated with age and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. After multivariate analyses, WBC count maintained a significant association with age, systolic blood pressure, and HOMAIR in FH+ subjects and with age, BMI, FM, and triglycerides in FH? individuals. Discussion: This study indicates that WBC count is increased in adult women with genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, and its main correlates are insulin resistance in FH+ and adiposity in FH? individuals.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and aerobic fitness as predictors of cardiovascular risk factor clustering in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 290 school boys and girls from 6 to 10 years old, randomly selected. Blood was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), height and weight were evaluated according to international standards. Aerobic fitness (AF) was assessed by the 20-metre shuttle-run test. Clustering was considered when three of these factors were present: high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high triglycerides, high plasma glucose, high insulin concentrations and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A ROC curve identified the cut-off points of body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and AF as predictors of risk factor clustering. BMI, WC and WHR resulted in significant areas under the ROC curves, which was not observed for AF. The anthropometric variables were good predictors of cardiovascular risk factor clustering in both sexes, whereas aerobic fitness should not be used to identify cardiovascular risk factor clustering in these children.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE--To determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in people categorised by previously defined "action levels" of waist circumference. DESIGN--Prevalence study in a random population sample. SETTING--Netherlands. SUBJECTS--2183 men and 2698 women aged 20-59 years selected at random from the civil registry of Amsterdam and Maastricht. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m2)), total plasma cholesterol concentration, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, age, and lifestyle. RESULTS--A waist circumference exceeding 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women correctly identified subjects with body mass index of > or = 25 and waist to hip ratios > or = 0.95 in men and > or = 0.80 in women with a sensitivity and specificity of > or = 96%. Men and women with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (total cholesterol > or = 6.5 mmol/l, high density lipoprotein cholesterol < or = 0.9 mmol/l, systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mm Hg) were identified with sensitivities of 57% and 67% and specificities of 72% and 62% respectively. Compared with those with waist measurements below action levels, age and lifestyle adjusted odds ratios for having at least one risk factor were 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.8) in men with a waist measurement of 94-102 cm and 1.6 (1.3 to 2.1) in women with a waist measurement of 80-88 cm. In men and women with larger waist measurements these age and lifestyle adjusted odds ratios were 4.6 (3.5 to 6.0) and 2.6 (2.0 to 3.2) respectively. CONCLUSIONS--Larger waist circumference identifies people at increased cardiovascular risks.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle strengthening exercise using elastic thera-band and aquatic aerobic combined exercise on metabolic syndrome index in elderly with metabolic syndrome. Fifty-four were assigned to muscle strengthening exercise group (n = 19), aquatic aerobic exercise group (n = 19), and combined exercise group (n = 16). The muscle strength exercise, aquatic aerobic exercise and combined exercise were provided three times a week for 12 weeks. Metabolic syndrome indices[Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference] were measured before and after the program. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and two-way repeated ANOVA were used with the SPSS program for data analysis. There was a significant difference in triglyceride (p < .001), HDL-C (p = .010) and waist circumference (p = .016). Triglyceride and waist circumference was significantly decreased in combined group than muscle strength exercise group and aquatic exercise group. HDL-C was significantly increased in combined group than muscle strength exercise group. The results indicate that combined exercise was more effective in the improvement of dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity.  相似文献   

7.
Leptin and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese children.   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities: insulin resistance - hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides and low HDL - cholesterol serum concentrations), impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of different variables of metabolic syndrome, including leptin, in 74 non-obese children and 68 children with non-syndromal obesity. As metabolic syndrome variables, we have included body mass index, waist circumference, trunk-to-total skinfolds (%), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, uric acid, fasting insulin, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Factor analysis showed 4 factors in each group. In non-obese children, waist circumference, BMI, fasting insulin, triglycerides, trunk-to-total skinfolds (%), leptin and uric acid loaded positively on factor 1, and HDL-C loaded negatively on this factor; systolic and diastolic blood pressure had high positive loadings in factor 2; HDL-C and leptin showed positive loadings and triglycerides and uric acid, negative loadings in factor 3; and, finally, glucose and insulin showed positive loadings in factor 4. These four factors explained 72.16 % of the total variance in the non-obese group. In obese children, BMI, waist circumference, leptin, diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure loaded positively on factor 1; diastolic blood pressure, trunk-to-total skinfolds (%), uric acid and systolic blood pressure showed high positive loadings in factor 2; fasting insulin, glucose and triglycerides showed positive loadings in factor 3; and, finally, triglycerides showed positive loadings and HDL-C negative loadings in factor 4. These four factors explained 74.18 % of the total variance in the obese group. Our results point to a different homeostatic control of metabolic syndrome characteristics in obese and non-obese children. Leptin seems to play a key underlying role in metabolic syndrome, especially in the obese group.  相似文献   

8.
Objective: In whites, a larger hip circumference has been shown to be associated with a better metabolic profile, after adjustment for BMI and waist circumference. Our aim was to investigate this association in a variety of ethnic groups, some highly susceptible to type 2 diabetes. Research Methods and Procedures: We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and 2‐hour postload glucose, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in 1020 Melanesians, 767 Micronesians, 3697 Indians, and 2710 Creoles from Pacific and Indian Ocean islands. Leptin and body fat percentage were determined in Indian and Creole Mauritians only. Results: In all ethnic groups, larger hip circumference was associated with lower glucose and triglyceride levels in both sexes and higher high‐density lipoprotein levels in women only, after adjustment for waist circumference, BMI, and age. Adjustment for height or leptin did not materially change the results. Discussion: In conclusion, we confirmed the protective association of relatively larger hips in four nonwhite ethnic groups. Leptin does not seem to play a mediating role in this association.  相似文献   

9.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition defined by significant lipid accumulation (5–10%) in hepatic tissue in the absence of significant chronic alcohol consumption. We aim to detect frequency of fatty liver among overweight/obese adults and children and associated clinical; anthropological measures; biochemical; genetic and imaging studies. Eighty three consecutive adults and 72 children included in the study. All patients underwent clinical measurements of height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference. Biochemical investigations were done to all subjects including liver function tests; lipid profile; fasting blood glucose; insulin resistance (IR); high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP); adiponectin and genotyping of adiponectin genes. Abdominal ultrasonography was done to search for fatty liver; to measure subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT). Fatty liver was detected in 47 (65.3%) children and in 52 (62.7%) adults. Correlation analysis in both groups revealed that enlarged liver was highly positively correlated to age; BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); waist circumference; hip circumference, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and Visceral fat thickness (VFT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT). In addition in adults to fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), IR and hs-CRP. Homozygous T adiponectin genotype at position +276 was significantly increased among children with enlarged liver size and hs-CRP. NAFLD affects a substantial portion of adults and children; it is associated with the metabolic syndrome.  相似文献   

10.

Objectives

To investigate which anthropometric adiposity measure has the strongest association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Caucasian men and women without a history of CVD.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched databases for studies reporting correlations between anthropometric adiposity measures and CVD risk factors in Caucasian subjects without a history of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were considered the anthropometric adiposity measures. Primary CVD risk factors were: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose. Two independent reviewers performed abstract, full text and data selection.

Results

Twenty articles were included describing 21,618 males and 24,139 females. Waist circumference had the strongest correlation with all CVD risk factors for both men and women, except for HDL and LDL in men. When comparing BMI with waist circumference, the latter showed significantly better correlations to CVD risk factors, except for diastolic blood pressure in women and HDL and total cholesterol in men.

Conclusions

We recommend the use of waist circumference in clinical and research studies above other anthropometric adiposity measures, especially compared with BMI, when evaluating CVD risk factors.  相似文献   

11.
The relative influence of genetics and the environment on factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We performed model-fitting analyses to quantify genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental variance components of factors associated with CVD and MetS [waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma lipids] in adult male and female monozygotic twins reared apart or together. We also investigated whether MetS components share common influences. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were highly heritable (56–77%, statistically significant). Waist circumference, plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were moderately heritable (43–57%, statistically significant). Unique environmental factors contributed to the variance of all variables (20–38%, perforce statistically significant). Common environmental factors contributed 23, 30, and 42% (statistically significant) of the variance of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and plasma glucose, respectively. Two shared factors influenced MetS components; one influenced all components except HDL cholesterol, another influenced only lipid (triglyceride and HDL cholesterol) concentrations. These results suggest that genetic variance has a dominant influence on total variance of factors associated with CVD and MetS and support the proposal of one or more underlying pathologies of MetS.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: Intra‐abdominal fat has been identified as being the most clinically relevant type of fat in humans. Therefore, an assessment of body‐fat distribution could possibly identify subjects with the highest risk of adverse lipid profile and hypertension. Few data on the relationship between body‐fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors are available in children, especially before puberty. Research Methods and Procedures: This cross‐sectional study was undertaken to explore the relationship between anthropometric variables, lipid concentrations, and blood pressure (BP) in a sample of 818 prepubertal children (ages 3 to 11 years) and to assess the clinical relevance of waist circumference in identifying prepubertal children with higher cardiovascular risk. Height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, waist circumference, and BP were measured. Plasma levels for triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were determined. Results: Females were fatter than males (5.8 [3.5] vs. 4.8 [3.3] kg of fat mass; p < 0.01). Males had higher HDL cholesterol and ApoA1/ApoB plasma concentrations than females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Waist circumference had a higher correlation with systolic and diastolic BP (r = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively; p < 0.001) than triceps (r = 0.35 and 0.21, respectively; p < 0.001) and subscapular (r = 0.28 and 0.16, respectively; p < 0.001) skinfolds and relative body weight (0.33 and 0.23, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate linear model analysis showed that ApoA1/ApoB, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and systolic as well as diastolic BP were significantly associated with waist circumference and triceps and subscapular skinfolds, independently of age, gender, and body mass index. Discussion: Waist circumference as well as subscapular and triceps skinfolds may be helpful parameters in identifying prepubertal children with an adverse blood‐lipids profile and hypertension. However, waist circumference, which is easy to measure and more easily reproducible than skinfolds, may be considered in clinical practice. Children with a waist circumference greater than the 90th percentile are more likely to have multiple risk factors than children with a waist circumference that is less than or equal to the 90th percentile.  相似文献   

13.
A case series of 12 obese patients admitted to medical intensive care unit (ICU) due to life-threatening diseases and the influence of weight loss on cardiovascular parameters is presented. We assessed body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, pulse, and laboratory values on admission. At discharge from ICU patients were counseled on how to lose weight. They were examined one and six months later. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease of body weight (median at the beginning of a treatment 134 kg, after six months 127.5 kg), BMI (median 41.5 kg/m2 at the beginning of a treatment; 38.9 kg/m2 after six months), systolic blood pressure (medians 145 mmHg and 130 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (medians 95 mmHg and 85 mmHg) and pulse (medians 104 beats per minute, 78 beats per minute) was found. The reduction of the waist circumference was not significant. One patient died due to severe acute pancreatitis. Patients reported feeling much better after losing weight.  相似文献   

14.
Individuals with psychosis are more likely than the general community to develop obesity and to die prematurely from heart disease. Interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes are best targeted at the earliest indicators of risk, at the age they first emerge. We investigated which cardiometabolic risk indicators distinguished those with psychosis from the general population, by age by gender, and whether obesity explained the pattern of observed differences. Data was analyzed from an epidemiologically representative sample of 1,642 Australians with psychosis aged 18–64 years and a national comparator sample of 8,866 controls aged 25–64 years from the general population. Cubic b-splines were used to compare cross sectional age trends by gender for mean waist circumference, body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol in our psychosis and control samples. At age 25 individuals with psychosis had a significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose [women only], and diastolic blood pressure and significantly lower HDL-cholesterol than controls. With the exception of triglycerides at age 60+ in men, and glucose in women at various ages, these differences were present at every age. Differences in BMI and waist circumference between samples, although dramatic, could not explain all differences in diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol or triglycerides but did explain differences in glucose. Psychosis has the hallmarks of insulin resistance by at least age 25. The entire syndrome, not just weight, should be a focus of intervention to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease.  相似文献   

15.
吴凯  高音  陈晓平  李龙兴  万里艳  陈小妮 《生物磁学》2011,(6):1124-1127,1148
目的:分析成都地区中老年居民血清尿酸水平及其影响因素,为防治心脑血管事件提供策略支持。方法:利用2007代谢综合征研究调查资料(共1061人),把人群依据血尿酸水平分为增高组(男性〉420umol/L,女性〉357umol/L)及正常组(男性≤420umol/L,女性≤357umol/L),分析两组人群的多个代谢性指标的分布特征,并采用logistic回归分析寻找与尿酸相关的危险因素。结果:①两个分组间年龄、收缩压、男性比重、高血压家族史、人体质量指数、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肾功能等指标尿酸增高组明显高于尿酸正常组,舒张压则是尿酸增高组明显低于尿酸正常组。②血脂各成分中,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平尿酸增高组高于正常组,其余甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白分组间无统计学差异。③尿酸增高组其代谢综合征、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、腹型肥胖、血脂异常等患病率皆高于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义。④Logistic回归分析提示尿酸与你男性性别、年龄、收缩压、BMI、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平呈正相关,与女性性别及舒张压呈负相关。结论:成都地区尿酸与代谢性指标及肾功能相关指标关系密切,可能可以通过减少尿酸来减少心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病及肾脏疾病的发生。  相似文献   

16.
To evaluate the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to determine the cutoffs of waist circumference as a potential population directed screening tool for hypercholesterolaemia (≥6.5 mmol/L), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<0.9 mmol/L), and hypertension (treated and/or systolic ≥160 and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mmHg), in 2183 men and 2698 women aged 20 to 59 years selected at random from Dutch civil registries. Main outcome measures: Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total plasma cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and blood pressure. Results: ROC curves showed that sensitivity equalled specificity at waist circumferences between 93–95 cm in men and 81–84 cm in women for identifying individual risk factors, and 92 cm in men and 81 cm in women for identifying those with at least one risk factor. Sensitivity and specificity were equal at levels between 61% to 69% for identifying individual risk factors, with positive predictions (56.8% in men and 37.8% in women) within 2% of those using previously defined ‘Action Level 1’ of waist circumference 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women (58.8% in men and 37.4% in women). Risk prediction by anthropometric methods was relatively low: ROC areas for identifying each risk factor by waist varied from 55% to 60%, and reached about 65% for identifying at least one risk factor. Height accounted for less than 03% of variance in waist circumference. Using BMI at 25 kg/m2 gave similar prediction to waist, but its combination with waist did not improve predictive values. Conclusions: Measurement of waist circumference ‘Action Level 1’ at 94 cm (37 inches) in men and 80 cm (32 inches) in women could be adopted as a simpler valid alternative to BMI for health promotion, to alert those at risk of cardiovascular disease, and as a guide to risk avoidance by self-weight management  相似文献   

17.
目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度与心脑血管危险因素关系。方法:随机选取2012年5月至2012年8月在我院体检的160例新诊老年原发性高血压患者及120例健康个体,所有个体均未接受治疗,采用动脉硬化检测仪测定患者肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV),同时测量身高、腰围、体重、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBS)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)等指标,探讨老年原发性高血压患者高脂血症、吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病等危险因素与baPWV指标变化的关系。结果:不同血压分级的老年原发性高血压患者之间肱踝脉搏波传导速度值存在显著差异(P0.01)。合并冠心病、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、高脂血症等危险因素的高血压患者baPWV值显著高于单纯性原发性高血压患者(P0.01)。多元回归分析表明:吸烟史(P0.01)、冠心病史(P0.01)、糖尿病史(P0.01)、年龄(P0.01)、腰围(P0.01)、血压(P0.01)、HDL-C(P0.01)、TC(P0.01)、FBS(P0.01)、LDL-C(P0.01)、Cr(P0.01)是baPWV升高的独立风险因素。结论:老年原发性高血压患者存在不同程度的的动脉僵硬增高,常见心脑血管风险因素同样影响老年原发性高血压患者僵硬度。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin resistance is independently associated with early manifestations of atherosclerosis. To this end, 176 normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients were subjected to euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity. Early atherosclerosis was studied by ultrasonography of the common carotid artery. Of the total 176 subjects, 145 were glucose tolerant, 18 had impaired fasting glucose, and 13 had impaired glucose tolerance. Univariate correlations showed that age, body mass index, waist, blood pressure, 2-h postchallenge glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count were significantly correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), whereas HDL cholesterol and glucose disposal showed a negative correlation. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis including sex, age, waist circumference, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, 2-h postchallenge glucose, plasma IL-6, fibrinogen, white blood cell count, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and fasting insulin showed that the four variables that remained significantly associated with carotid IMT were waist circumference, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, white blood cell count, and diastolic blood pressure, accounting for 33.7% of its variation. These findings support the concept that insulin sensitivity, rather than plasma insulin levels, is associated with early atherosclerosis in nondiabetic normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.  相似文献   

19.
Cardiovascular disease is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in captive chimpanzees. Four years of blood pressure (BP) data were analyzed from a captive former laboratory population of 201 healthy adult chimpanzees with assessment of age and obesity on elevated BP. Five different measures of obesity were compared: abdominal girth, basal metabolic rate, body‐mass index (BMI), body weight, and surface area. Systolic BP varied by sex. Obesity did not influence male BP. For females, obesity was a significant determinant of BP. The best measure of female obesity was basal metabolic rate and the worst was BMI. Median systolic BP of healthy weight females (<54.5 kg) was significantly lower (128 mmHg) than overweight or obese females (140 mmHg), but both were lower than all males (147 mmHg). For diastolic BP, neither sex nor any of the five obesity measures was significant. But age was highly significant, with geriatric chimpanzees (>30 years) having higher median diastolic BP (74 mmHg) than young adults of 10–29 years of age (65 mmHg). By these criteria, 80% of this population is normotensive, 7% prehypertensive, and 13% hypertensive. In summary, systolic BP intervals required adjustment for obesity among females but not males. Diastolic BP required adjustment for advanced age (≥30 years). Use of these reference intervals can facilitate timely clinical care of captive chimpanzees. Zoo Biol. 32:79‐87, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
Body mass index (BMI) is an important diagnostic tool for determining obesity; however, while BMI reflects the influence of body height over body weight, it does not reveal body fat percentage (BF%). We explored whether BF% correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome and whether metabolically obese, normal weight people were at risk for these diseases. A total of 2,867 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, BMI, BF%, lipid profile, fasting glucose, uric acid, and lifestyle factors were collected from healthy subjects during their annual health examinations. In both males and females, BF% correlated positively with BMI and waist circumference. Participants were divided into three groups according to BF% and data were compared between groups. The results suggest that BF% correlates with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome for both men and women, and that BF% may be a useful predictor of risk, particularly in metabolically obese, normal weight individuals. ? 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.  相似文献   

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