生长环境与株龄对凤丹当年生果枝的生物量分配的影响

生物量分配研究是了解作物产量形成机制的基础。凤丹是以杨山牡丹（Paeonia ostii）为原种形成的栽培类群,也是新型木本油料作物油用牡丹的主栽品种。该文通过比较凤丹主要产区6龄种群、以及安徽铜陵和上海地区的4、6、8龄种群的当年生果枝大小与生物量分配,探讨环境和株龄对小枝生长与繁殖的影响。结果表明,凤丹植株的果枝数量随株龄增大而上升,不同株龄植株的单个果枝大小和果枝内生物量分配没有明显差异,果枝水平上没有株龄效应,但整株水平上株龄效应明显;果枝大小及生物量各指标之间存在明显相关性,但相关性在种群间变化较大;不同种群的果枝大小及生物量分配差异明显,果枝生物量分配明显随纬度、降水和光辐射强度变化而变化;异速生长方程模拟显示,大部分种群的果枝繁殖与营养生物量或总生物量之间为等速生长关系（斜率=1）,但种群间截距变化较大。这些结果表明栽培环境对凤丹果枝的生长与繁殖有显著效应。     

矮牡丹传粉生物学的初步研究

对山西省南部矮牡丹3个居群连续两年的野外观察和实验研究表明,共有5种蜂和4种甲虫参 与矮牡丹的传粉。电镜观察和人工控制昆虫传粉试验证明,蜂类,特别是地蜂类是矮牡丹的主要传粉 者,而甲虫类只是一种不稳定的传粉者。矮牡丹花无蜜液,但可散发气味,主要以花粉吸引昆虫。矮牡 丹不存在无融合生殖,也没有自动自花结实现象,但同株异花能产生少量种子,具微弱的自交性。在花 少的居群中自然结实率与人工异交结实率近相等。矮牡丹的结实率低,平均只有近1／4的胚珠发育成种子。     

中华下弯吸虫雷蚴至成虫阶段的发育形态观察

本文介绍了在中间宿主赤豆螺体内发育的中华下弯吸虫雷蚴和尾蚴形态，并用其尾蚴形成的囊蚴感染鸭和鸡，从试验动物体内检得不同虫龄的童虫和成虫，５日龄童虫出现龙骨样突出的中间列腹腺，９日龄虫体成熟，大小为２．５０─３．３０×０．６７５─０．９５０ｍｍ，出现发育完全的生殖腺，子宫内已含有成熟的虫卵。虫体两侧列腹腺数为９─１３个，多为１２个，中列腹腺起自内贮精囊的后部，止于卵巢后缘。     

盆栽牡丹补偿生长与非结构性碳水化合物积累特征

研究容器栽培牡丹株型优化与非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）贮藏的补偿效应，为牡丹容器苗株型管理奠定理论基础。以2年生‘洛阳红’嫁接苗为试验材料，以修根、生根剂、绿僵菌作为处理因素，设置L9(34)正交试验，分析‘洛阳红’株型发育和NSC积累特征。结果表明，容器栽培后牡丹株高降低，根系发生明显的须根化。与对照相比，各处理的株高降低、分枝数增加、株型更加紧凑。轻度修根促进植株的补偿生长，而过度修根抑制作用明显。生根剂显著提高‘洛阳红’根系、叶片的生物量和全株NSC的积累量，能双向提高库源促进植株的补偿生长。绿僵菌对全株NSC积累量影响最小。单株叶面积、老根和木质化新根鲜样质量对植株NSC积累量贡献较大，因此促进根系和叶片发育是容器栽培牡丹的重要环节。T1、T2、T3、T4、T6组合的生物量增量均超过了对照，补偿效果显著，其中T3为较优组合（25%修根、750 mg·L-1生根剂和1000 万单位·mL-1绿僵菌灌根）。故轻度修根结合浇灌适度生根剂和绿僵菌液，可生产出株高适度矮化、分枝增多、根系发达、NSC积累多、株型紧凑协调的容器栽培苗。     

4种野生牡丹种子休眠和萌发特性及与其致濒的关系

与栽培牡丹相比,野生矮牡丹、四川牡丹和紫斑牡丹的种子一般罗小,但野生黄牡丹种子则明显大于栽培牡丹。这４种濒危的野生牡丹种子的休眠与萌发特性一栽培牡丹的有明显差异;萌发生根期需半年以上,但通过胚培养可使之减至２周;萌发温度以１０－１５℃为宜,超过２０℃则明显不利于生根及上胚轴生长;打契上胚轴休眠需要严格的低温;野生牡丹种子的萌发率及打破上胚轴休眠后的出苗率也大大低于栽培牡丹,而且在不同分布地之间存在     

中华山蝠翼的形态学发育模式

为了揭示中华山蝠翼的形态学发育模式,2012-2014年, 通过对50只中华山蝠幼蝠进行人工饲养实验观察及测量,辅以野外标志重捕,研究中华山蝠翼的生长。结果显示：中华山蝠翼外形各量度值先呈直线增长,后增长速度逐渐减慢。各指标增长速度减慢的日龄各不相同,臂膜长在25日龄生长速度逐渐减慢;翼展、翼面积、臂膜面积在30日龄增长速度减慢;掌膜长及掌膜面积则在40日龄增长速度减慢。臂膜长发育最快,试飞前 (28日龄) 已达到成体臂膜长的80.9%。翼载在幼蝠生后14日龄内呈直线增长,然后开始直线下降,到试飞期 (35日龄左右),翼载值降到最低,是成体翼载的80.0%,此后呈极缓慢增长趋势。中华山蝠翼的生长主要集中在试飞前。试飞后,则通过减缓体重的增长速度甚至减轻体重,保持翼面积尤其是掌膜面积的增长速度,从而降低翼载,以便更快地适应飞行生活。Logistic, Von Bertalanffy和Gompertz 3种非线性曲线中,Gompertz模型对翼展拟合度最佳,Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy模型对翼面积拟合度优于Logistic曲线。     

小麦突变体返白系生长后期某些生理变化

返白过程之后,返白系随着叶色的复绿,植株的代谢机能开始恢复,叶绿素含量上升,光合作用增强,叶片内可溶性糖含量上升,呼吸速率高于其祖先矮变１号;复绿初期返白系气孔阻力高于矮交１号,蒸腾速率则低于矮变１号。复绿后,以上各项指标都逐渐变化,达到矮变１号的水平。之后,返白系的蒸腾速率高于矮变１号,气孔阻力低于矮变１号,叶绿素含量及光合速率均高于矮变１号,近白系和矮变互号的呼吸速率在５月９～２５日间有上升趋势,但近白系呼吸速率较高。在生长后期,返白系的根系有向土壤深层分布的趋势。分析认为返白系在生长后期有一个补偿性生长阶段,通过改善植株水分状况,提高同化能力,降低消耗来保证生长和结实的需要。     

雌雄异株植物山杨的气候响应差异

本文通过建立长白山阔叶红松林内雌雄异株植物山杨树轮宽度序列及标准化年表,分析不同气候条件下的生长差异及其与气候因子的关系,以期揭示性别因素对植株径向生长 气候因子关系的影响.结果表明： 不同气候条件下雌雄植株年径向生长速率存在显著差异,对气候因子的响应也有所不同.1980年以前,山杨雌株年均生长速率显著高于雄株,雌株与生长季末低温、上年生长季末和当年生长季降水量呈显著负相关,山杨雄株则与当年生长季温度呈显著正相关.1980年（含）以后,温度明显上升,尤其是最低温度,植株生长速率出现下降趋势,雌株生长速率显著低于雄株;雌株对低温变化更敏感,与上年生长季末低温呈显著负相关、与春季低温呈显著正相关,雄株与低温的相关关系均未达到显著水平.低温对长白山地区山杨雌株生长具有重要影响,在降水基本保持不变的条件下,低温的上升将明显抑制山杨雌株的生长,而对雄株影响不显著.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区狼牙刺的生长特征研究

在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区,对阳坡、半阳坡的不同林龄狼牙刺的生长特征作了系统研究,调查分析了狼牙刺的株高、冠幅、树龄、物种组成、新枝生长量以及地上部生物量和叶量(以柠条为研究对照)等生长特征指标。结果表明:天然灌木狼牙刺的株高在1.50m左右,冠幅约2.0m×2.0m,平均分枝数约4.45。17龄、14龄、6龄狼牙刺地上部生物量和种群密度分别为21.0t/hm2,10000株/hm2;27.3t/hm2,4375株/hm2;6.8t/hm2,8750株/hm2;6、7、8三个月份是狼牙刺新枝的快速生长期,新枝年生长量大小顺序为14龄狼牙刺>6龄狼牙刺>17龄狼牙刺。流域内,狼牙刺个体地径基本保持直线生长,其种群处于旺盛生长阶段。林龄是造成狼牙刺地上部生物量差异的主要内因,而立地条件(土壤水分状况)的优劣以及种群密度则是影响狼牙刺地上部生物量及生长速率的重要外部因素。与柠条相比,狼牙刺在长期的生长发育过程中与土壤水分环境形成了更为协调的关系,表现出较高的土壤水分含量和多年地上部累积生物量,生长旺期盖度均能达到50%以上,应该成为当地造林树种的优先选择之一。     

中国科学院遗传研究所一九七九年研究生考试遗传学部分试题

遗传学试题 一、在玉米中高株基因D对矮株基因d为显性,常态叶基因C对皱缩叶基因C为显性,纯合高茎常态叶植株DDCC与矮茎皱缩叶植株ddcc杂交,F_1代为高茎常态叶,让它同双隐性亲本ddcc回交,得到的后代是: 高茎常态叶 高茎皱缩叶 矮茎常态叶 矮茎皱缩叶 83 19 17 81 问:这两对基因是否连锁?如果连锁,交换率是多少?     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.