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鉴定群体的结构可以帮助追溯群体的发展史,定位疾病的易感基因.结构相关是一种常用的群体结构鉴定和关联作图方法.结构相关应用中的一个主要问题是它的统计效力高度依赖于所使用的祖代信息遗传标记.目前主要的祖代信息遗传标记选择方法大多要求已知研究样本的祖代信息,但是实际研究中个体的祖代信息大多未知或者难以确定.为了解决这个问题,本研究开发了一种新的基于主成分分析的祖代信息遗传标记选择算法.该方法不需要事先已知研究样本的祖代信息.模拟研究和真实的遗传数据分析提示,与传统的随机挑选祖代信息遗传标记的方法相比,新方法可以显著提高群体结构推断的准确性.本方法可以容易地应用于全基因组数据,挑选出富含群体结构信息的遗传标记.这些遗传标记可被广泛用于鉴定群体的结构和校正关联作图中群体混杂引起的统计偏差. 相似文献
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等位基因多态性群体遗传结构的多元非线性分析方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
长期以来,对于多维基因多态性数据的多元统计分析,如计算遗传距离时昕用的聚类分析、分析群体遗传结构时所用的主成分分析、因子分析和典型相关分析等,一直应用为无约束条件数据而设计的经典多元线性分析方法,并没有注意基因多态性数据的“闭合效应”所带来的问题。从分析基因多态性数据的分布和结构特征入手,文中指出了基因多态性分布具有“闭合数据”的特点,分析了由于“闭合效应”的影响,经典多元线性方法用于群体遗传结构分析昕面临的困难。根据成分数据统计分析的理论和方法,提出了基因多态性群体遗传结构的多元非线性分析基本方法。并以主成分分析为例,通过实例比较和分析了经典线性主成分分析和“对数比”非线性主成分分析的结果,证明“对数比”非线性主成分分析方法是研究基因多态性群体遗传结构的良好方法,具有特异、灵敏等优点,其结果符合群体遗传学规律。 相似文献
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采用SSR标记技术对42个荷花品种( Nelumbo spp.)的基因组DNA进行扩增,在此基础上,对供试品种进行UPGMA聚类分析、群体结构分析和主坐标分析( PCoA)。结果表明:采用17对SSR引物从42个荷花品种的基因组DNA中扩增出77个位点,多态性位点百分率为88.31%;每对引物可扩增出1~9个多态性位点。根据Nei's遗传距离,供试的42个荷花品种可被分成Ⅰ和Ⅱ两组,分别包含3和39个品种;在Nei's遗传距离0.150处,Ⅱ组被进一步分成Ⅱa、Ⅱb和Ⅱc 3个亚组,分别包含3、16和20个品种。群体结构分析结果表明:组分概率高于等于0.80时,供试的42个荷花品种被分成Pop1、Pop2和混合群3个亚群,分别包含17、16和9个品种。 PCoA分析结果表明:在F1水平上,供试的42个荷花品种被分成2个部分;其中,Pop1亚群的品种均分布在第二和第三象限,而Pop2亚群的品种则分布在第一和第四象限。总体来看,聚类分析、群体结构分析和PCoA分析的结果基本一致。综合分析结果表明:玉组包含美洲黄莲( N. lutea Pers.)品种‘艾江南',且与传统中国莲( N. nucifera Gaertn.)品种的亲缘关系最远,故认为该组为美洲黄莲;Ⅱ组为中国莲,其中,Ⅱc亚组以传统中国莲品种为主,而Ⅱb亚组则偏重于美洲黄莲。总体上看,供试的42个荷花品种主要被分为中国莲和美洲黄莲两组,而中美杂交莲并没有独立成组,其成因有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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探讨了人类群体遗传结构对应分析中“蹄型效应”的产生机制及其遗传学解释。从分析基因频率矩阵的结构特点入手,以实例验证和比较了对应分析中散点图的结构特征。发现当基因频率矩阵的结构不同时,其对应分析中散点图的分布模式不同;当基因频率矩阵中存在稀有基因时,其对应分析的散点图则呈现明显的“蹄型效应”。“蹄型效应”经常会歪曲潜在遗传结构的真实形态,其产生主要是因为对应分析中的c2距离不相似测度高估了稀有基因的作用。在人类群体遗传结构对应分析中,当出现“蹄型效应”效应时,需认真分析基因频率矩阵的结构,寻找“蹄型效应”产生原因并给出合理的遗传学解释,以免做出错误结论。 相似文献
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祖先信息标记(ancestry informative makers,AIMs)可用来分析群体的遗传结构.本研究利用Illumina Ovine SNP50芯片上的SNP位点,在云南乌骨绵羊和其他8个亚洲绵羊群体中以Rosenberg等定义的Informativeness统计量为筛选方法,选取Informativeness值最高的前20、50、100、500个SNP位点与相应数目的随机SNP位点分别用来推断群体的遗传结构.通过主成分分析和用fast STRUCURE推断祖先成分的方法,评价AIMs在推断亚洲绵羊群体遗传结构中的作用.研究显示,利用筛选到的高信息含量标记AIMs,可减少群体结构研究中需要的SNP位点数目.前50个AIMs可有效地将绵羊群体分为4个大类,这与利用全基因组SNPs分析得到的群体结构是一致的,即乌骨绵羊群体blackbone单独为一类、西藏群体changthangi和tibetan归为一类,孟加拉的banglandeshi、banglandeshi Garole群体和印度的Indian Garole群体归为一个类群,其余三个群体(印度尼西亚sumatran、garut群体和印度的deccani群体)近似归为一类.这4大类群在AIMs上存在显著的分化,利用这些位点信息可以为研究群体特征和进化关系提供线索. 相似文献
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以15个长江流域棉花杂交种为基础材料,花粉混合互交构建了综合群体,从中选育出29个棉花株系。通过田间试验对12个主要性状进行考察,衍生株系间霜前花率的变异最大,子棉产量及构成因素次之,纤维品质性状的变异最小。主成分分析表明,纤维品质、产量及构成因素、霜前花率、衣分和株高等前5个主成分,对变异方差的贡献率分别为24.312%、19.662%、13.287%、10.812%、9.085%。基于SSR的分子标记差异,绝大多数衍生株系聚在一类,遗传差异较小,明显区别于黄河流域棉花品种。 相似文献
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利用RAPD分子标记对5个栲树(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.) 天然群体共计188个个体的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析.41个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测到385个位点,其中多态位点157个,占40.78%.物种水平的Shannon多样性指数I=0.459 7,Nei基因多样度h=0.296.遗传变异分析表明,栲树群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,利用Shannon多样性指数估算的分化(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp=0.047 6,遗传分化系数Gst =0.042 9,分子方差分析(AMOVA)也证实了这一结论,群体内的变异组分占了94.97%,群体间变异只占5.03%.AMOVA分析结果的显著性检验也表明,群体间及群体内个体间均呈现出显著分化(P<0.001). 相似文献
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采用SRAP标记法对183份茄子(Solanum melongena)种质资源的遗传关系和群体结构进行分析。结果表明, 33对多态性SRAP引物组合共扩增出215条清晰稳定的多态性条带, 平均每对引物组合产生7条多态性条带。183份茄子种质的遗传相似系数介于0.276-0.813之间, 平均值为0.623, 表明茄子种质资源间遗传背景存在一定的差异。在遗传距离为0.345 6处可将183份茄子种质分为4组。通过群体结构分析可将种质划分为4个群体, 不同群体间的界限十分明显, 且群体间的基因渗透较高。 相似文献
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栲树天然群体遗传结构的RAPD分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用RAPD分子标记对 5个栲树 (CastanopsisfargesiiFranch .)天然群体共计 188个个体的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析。 4 1个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测到 385个位点 ,其中多态位点 15 7个 ,占 4 0 .78%。物种水平的Shannon多样性指数I=0 .4 5 97,Nei基因多样度h =0 .2 96。遗传变异分析表明 ,栲树群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内 ,利用Shannon多样性指数估算的分化 (Hsp_Hpop) /Hsp=0 .0 4 76 ,遗传分化系数Gst =0 .0 4 2 9,分子方差分析 (AMOVA)也证实了这一结论 ,群体内的变异组分占了 94 .97% ,群体间变异只占 5 .0 3%。AMOVA分析结果的显著性检验也表明 ,群体间及群体内个体间均呈现出显著分化 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 相似文献
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赵罕 《植物遗传资源学报》2013,14(3):395-401
为探讨白皮松天然群体遗传结构在地理分布上的差异,利用7对SSR引物对5个白皮松分布区域的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明:7对SSR引物在5个区域内476个单株中共检测到14个多态性位点。各区域间观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon’s 信息指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、Nei’s期望杂合度(Nei’s)分别介于1.7143~2.1429、1.1942~1.571、0.1948~0.4954、0.1726~0.3116、0.1178~0.3325、0.1172~0.3307之间。白皮松遗传多样性水平总体较低,区域间差异较大;遗传多样性水平最高的区域为秦岭西侧群体,其次为大巴山区群体;太行山与吕梁山群体多样性水平相对较低。区域间的遗传分化系数Fst介于0.0138~0.2242之间,基因流Nm介于0.865~17.8646之间。遗传分化较大、基因流水平较低的区域均发生在秦岭西侧及其与其他区域之间。各区域间遗传相似系数在0.8416~0.9964之间,遗传相似度最高的群体为太行山与吕梁山区域,遗传距离最大的为太行山与秦岭西侧区域。白皮松多样性分布的中心主要存在于秦岭西侧和大巴山区域,因此应对该区域进行重点保护。 相似文献
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Whitlock MC Phillips PC Fowler K 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2002,56(10):1968-1975
Abstract.— Genetic variance, phenotypic variance, and the genetic covariance matrix ( G ) can change as a result of genetic drift. These changes will persist over time to some extent and will continue if population size remains relatively small. Nine populations founded by a single pair of Drosophila melanogaster were measured for a series of six morphological characteristics for a large number of parent-offspring families at both the third generation after the bottlenecks and after 20 generations. From these data, the phenotypic variance, additive genetic variance, and G were estimated for each line at each generation. Phenotypic and genetic variances were highly correlated over time, so that the measurements made at the third generation were predictive of the state of the population 17 generations later. Genetic covariances were also somewhat stable over time; however, the G matrices of some lines changed significantly over the intervening generations. This change did not return the populations toward their original state before the population bottlenecks. We conclude that the genetic covariance matrix can change as a result of mild genetic drift over a short span of time. 相似文献
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Inference of population structure from genetic data plays an important role in population and medical genetics studies. With the advancement and decreasing cost of sequencing technology, the increasingly available whole genome sequencing data provide much richer information about the underlying population structure. The traditional method originally developed for array-based genotype data for computing and selecting top principal components (PCs) that capture population structure may not perform well on sequencing data for two reasons. First, the number of genetic variants p is much larger than the sample size n in sequencing data such that the sample-to-marker ratio is nearly zero, violating the assumption of the Tracy-Widom test used in their method. Second, their method might not be able to handle the linkage disequilibrium well in sequencing data. To resolve those two practical issues, we propose a new method called ERStruct to determine the number of top informative PCs based on sequencing data. More specifically, we propose to use the ratio of consecutive eigenvalues as a more robust test statistic, and then we approximate its null distribution using modern random matrix theory. Both simulation studies and applications to two public data sets from the HapMap 3 and the 1000 Genomes Projects demonstrate the empirical performance of our ERStruct method. 相似文献
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中国人群遗传结构分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据红细胞血型基因频率,用Harpending和Jenkins(1973)方法计算了中国22个人群间的遗传距离,同时在国内首次运用主坐标分析及其排序方法展示了中华民族的遗传结构,反映出中国东西人群与南北人群间的基因流。 相似文献
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The genetic structure of 22 ethnic groups in China was analysed by using gene frequency data of red cell blood groups. The Harpending and Jenkins (1973) topological methods of representing population structure were applied to the study on relationship between these ethnic groups. The plots of these ethnic groups showed clearly the gene flow between Caucasian and Mongoloid and between northern Mongoloid populations and southern ones. 相似文献
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Geographic isolation interrupted gene flow between populations leading to population differentiation during the long evolutionary period. In this paper, 33 colonies from Damen Island and 100 colonies from adjacent mainland populations, Juxi and Chixi, were analyzed with both mitochondrial tRNAleu-COII sequences and five microsatellite loci. The results showed that Apis cerana cerana population from Damen Island significantly differentiated from its adjacent mainland populations. In addition, Damen Island population showed a lower level of genetic diversity in terms of the number of mitochondrial haplotypes while both island and mainland populations showed a low level of genetic diversity with mutilocus analysis. The divergent small island population A.c. cerana might probably have suffered inbreeding and genetic drift as well as limited gene flow across the strait. Our data provides useful information for management and preservation for the Damen Island population. 相似文献
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Identification of population structure can help trace population histories and identify disease genes. Structured association (SA) is a commonly used approach for population structure identification and association mapping. A major issue with SA is that its performance greatly depends on the informativeness and the numbers of ancestral informative markers (AIMs). Present major AIM selection methods mostly require prior individual ancestry information, which is usually not available or uncertain in practice. To address this potential weakness, we herein develop a novel approach for AIM selection based on principle component analysis (PCA), which does not require prior ancestry information of study subjects. Our simulation and real genetic data analysis results suggest that, with equivalent AIMs, PCA-based selected AIMs can significantly increase the accuracy of inferred individual ancestries compared with traditionally randomly selected AIMs. Our method can easily be applied to whole genome data to select a set of highly informative AIMs in population structure, which can then be used to identify potential population structure and correct possible statistical biases caused by population stratification. 相似文献
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本文测定了碘缺乏区7一14岁学龄儿童低智商组人群尿、发样中的F~-,ScN~-,Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca,Mg,Se及Mn指标水平,经主成分分析,按最大主成分值归类,以同病区学龄儿童高智商组人群为对照,研究碘缺乏区影响学龄儿童智商水平的非碘元素的种类和强度,为进一步完善以补碘为主的防治措施提供科学依据. 相似文献