昆虫图像分割方法及其应用

昆虫图像自动鉴定是一种快速鉴定昆虫的方法,图像分割则是其中关键步骤。通过搜集和整理国内外近年来针对昆虫图像的分割方法和研究,发现对昆虫图像分割的研究日趋增多。随着计算机图像技术的发展,昆虫图像分割方法吸收了许多图像分割领域中新兴的方法, 诸如采用水平集、边缘流以及结合形状、纹理、色彩等多种要素的智能分割(如JSEG方法)等。虽然大量的图像分割方法被引入到昆虫图像研究中,但是目前分割技术依然是阻碍昆虫图像广泛应用的关键。本文经过总结和分析,发现目前昆虫图像分割研究的往往在各自的测试集上有良好表现, 但是缺乏统一的评价标准, 因此很多方法在昆虫图像中应用难以推广。针对研究中的存在的这些问题,需建立良好的昆虫图像分割评价体系,本文建议通过建立统一的昆虫图像库以及对昆虫图像分割的评价方法深入研究,并且这些工作是当前昆虫图像分割研究亟待完善任务。     

一种新的中心定位算法在细胞分割中的应用

以模糊数学为基础,提出了一种新的寻找细胞核中心的方法。该方法能有效地对同一图中多个不同大小的细胞核进行定位,并且其抗噪能力较强,正确率较高。文中采用该定位算法确定细胞核的中心位置后,再应用水平集的方法对细胞显微图像进行分割。分割的结果进一步表明了这种中心定位算法是有效的和鲁棒的,能辅助其他分割算法一起完成复杂图像的分割任务。     

基于改进C-V模型的超声心动图像轮廓的提取方法

目的:通过超声图像预处理和对图像分割方法的改进,完成超声心动图中心腔轮廓的提取。方法:首先,运用基于斑点指数的滤波方法对超声图像进行去噪。其次,对超声图像进行分段非线性灰度变换,提高图像对比度。最后,利用改进的基于C-V模型的水平集算法对超声图像进行分割,得到精确的初始轮廓。结果:1基于斑点指数的图像滤波方法可以在不丢失细节的情况下对超声图像进行噪声滤除。2分段非线性灰度变换可以有效提高超声图像的对比度。3改进的C-V模型可以成功的对含有斑点噪声的超声图像进行分割。结论:本文的超声图像预处理方法和分割算法可以有效提取心腔轮廓,降低斑点噪声对图像分割结果的影响。     

联合U-Net和分水岭算法的高郁闭度杉木纯林树冠信息提取

作为我国重要的用材树种，杉木广泛分布于我国南方地区，其株数和树冠信息对于森林资源的精准监测有重要作用，为此准确掌握杉木林分株数及单木树冠信息尤为重要。对于高郁闭度林分，株数和单木树冠信息正确提取的关键是能够准确分割相互遮挡和粘连的树冠。本研究以福建将乐国有林场为研究区，将无人机影像作为数据源，提出一种基于深度学习方法和分水岭算法的树冠信息提取方法：首先采用深度学习神经网络模型U-Net对杉木树冠覆盖区域进行分割，然后利用传统图像分割算法标记控制分水岭算法进行单木分割得到单木树冠；在保持相同训练集、验证集和测试集的情况下，首先对比U-Net模型与传统机器学习方法[随机森林模型(RF)和支持向量机模型(SVM)]在分割树冠覆盖区域上的表现，接着对比了U-Net模型结合标记控制分水岭算法和只使用标记控制分水岭算法进行单木分割的精度。结果表明：U-Net模型在分割精度、精确率、交互比、精确率与召回率的调和均值4个指标上均高于RF和SVM,与RF相比，4项指标分别提升4.6%、14.9%、7.6%、0.05,与SVM相比，4项指标分别提升3.3%、8.5%、8.1%、0.05。在提取单木株数方面...     

基于全卷积网络的鳞翅目标本图像前背景自动分割方法研究

【目的】本研究旨在探索使用计算机视觉技术实现对鳞翅目标本图像的前背景分割方法。【方法】首先对用于训练和测试的昆虫标本图像去除背景,获得昆虫图像的前背景分割参考标准,对过大的昆虫图像进行缩小处理;其次对训练集图像采用旋转、平移、缩放等方法进行数据增强,剪切出中心区域作为有效图像。求取所有训练样本的均值图像,并从所有输入中减去该均值图像。测试用图像只做归一化但不进行数据增强。微调全卷积神经网络,重点调整结构产生变化的卷积层和反卷积层的参数,用前述训练数据集训练直至收敛。对于待分割图像,只要将图像归一化后输入到训练好的全卷积网络,网络将输出前背景分割结果。【结果】该方法在包含823个样本的测试集中进行了测试,取得的m Io U(mean Intersection over Union)达94.96%,而且分割的视觉效果已经非常接近于人工分割的结果。【结论】实验结果证明通过训练全卷积神经网络可以有效实现鳞翅目标本图像的前背景自动分割。     

基于U-Net卷积神经网络的年轮图像分割算法

树木年轮学的研究需要统计树龄和测量轮宽,由此推算环境变换和树木生长信息,因此准确提取年轮特征信息至关重要。精准识别出年轮图像中的早材、晚材和树皮是实现自动化测量年轮参数的首要工作。树木年轮的生长过程中存在年轮的早材和晚材间边界过渡模糊、节疤和伪年轮等现象,且年轮圆盘在砍伐和采集过程中表面会存在毛刺和噪声点,使用传统的图像分割算法难以得到理想的效果。本文结合深度神经网络的特点,针对年轮图像的分割问题,构建了基于U-Net卷积神经网络的年轮图像语义分割模型。首先,对采集的100张年轮圆盘图像进行标注,并通过旋转、透视和图像变形等方式做数据增强,生成20000张数据集,随机选择其中16000张作为训练数据集,4000张作为测试数据集。其次,根据图像数据集的特征,利用Tensorflow深度学习框架,设计构建基于U-Net卷积神经网络的年轮圆盘图像分割网络。然后,将训练样本输送进网络,设置优化训练参数,对年轮图像分割网络进行迭代训练,直至评价指标和损失函数不再变化。最后,用训练好的模型对测试集样本进行分割,并进行分割指标评估。结果表明:该算法可有效避免毛刺、锯痕和节疤等因素的影响,完整地分割出年轮的晚材和树皮区域,在4000张测试数据集上分割的平均准确率达到96.51%,平均区域重合度达到82.30%。与传统图像处理算法相比,本文所采用的基于U-Net卷积神经网络的年轮图像分割算法,能够达到更好的分割效果,同时具有更强的泛化能力和鲁棒性。     

一种生长曲线的参数估计方法

本文在现有文献研究的基础上,对生长曲线的参数估计问题又作了进一步研究,给出了一种生长曲线参数估计的方法,并进行了示例计算．     

磁共振肿瘤矩特征信息研究

目的:采用MR脑肿瘤图像分割与矩方法进行结合,以获取特定器官及组织的轮廓。方法:对MR脑肿瘤图像进行分割,并对分割的结果进行矩描述。通过分析当前常用的医学图像分割方法,采用了一种基于形变模型的医学图像分割方法,并按照相应的理论算法模型和实现步骤对医学图像进行了处理,最后用Visual C 6.0编程,并对MR脑肿瘤图像进行分割实验。结果:从切割的图形中可以看出,本分割方法分割边界清晰,总体不确定性较小,利用矩技术所提取的图像特征在基于内容的图像检索中是有效的。结论:本分割方法切实可行,分割效果较好,为进一步的MR脑肿瘤图像分析和研究提供了一种有效工具。     

基于F3Net显著性目标检测的蝴蝶图像前背景自动分割

[目的]具有复杂背景的蝴蝶图像前背景分割难度大.本研究旨在探索基于深度学习显著性目标检测的蝴蝶图像自动分割方法.[方法]应用DUTS-TR数据集训练F3Net显著性目标检测算法构建前背景预测模型,然后将模型用于具有复杂背景的蝴蝶图像数据集实现蝴蝶前背景自动分割.在此基础上,采用迁移学习方法,保持ResNet骨架不变,利...     

基于多组学水平的动物分子趋同演化研究新进展

表型趋同的分子证据探索一直是趋同演化研究的热点.高通量测序带来的多组学数据为分子趋同演化提供了大量研究材料和更加多样的研究角度.分子趋同的概念和研究方法也从编码基因的氨基酸替换趋同扩展到基因丢失趋同、表达调控趋同、表达模式趋同、肠道微生物趋同等多个不同分子层级.本文对近年来基因组时代下基于多组学水平的分子趋同演化研究的新进展进行综述,并对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望.     

An Active Contour Model for the Segmentation of Images with Intensity Inhomogeneities and Bias Field Estimation

Intensity inhomogeneity causes many difficulties in image segmentation and the understanding of magnetic resonance (MR) images. Bias correction is an important method for addressing the intensity inhomogeneity of MR images before quantitative analysis. In this paper, a modified model is developed for segmenting images with intensity inhomogeneity and estimating the bias field simultaneously. In the modified model, a clustering criterion energy function is defined by considering the difference between the measured image and estimated image in local region. By using this difference in local region, the modified method can obtain accurate segmentation results and an accurate estimation of the bias field. The energy function is incorporated into a level set formulation with a level set regularization term, and the energy minimization is conducted by a level set evolution process. The proposed model first appeared as a two-phase model and then extended to a multi-phase one. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of our model in terms of accuracy and insensitivity to the location of the initial contours. In particular, our method has been applied to various synthetic and real images with desirable results.     

Biological Image Segmentation Using Region-Scalable Fitting Energy with B-Spline Level Set Implementation and Watershed

ObjectivesImage segmentation plays an important role in the analysis and understanding of the cellular process. However, this task becomes difficult when there is intensity inhomogeneity between regions, and it is more challenging in the presence of the noise and clustered cells. The goal of the paper is propose an image segmentation framework that tackles the above cited problems.Material and methodsA new method composed of two steps is proposed: First, segment the image using B-spline level set with Region-Scalable Fitting (RSF) active contour model, second apply the Watershed algorithm based on new object markers to refine the segmentation and separate clustered cells. The major contributions of the paper are: 1) Use of a continuous formulation of the level set in the B-spline basis, 2) Develop the energy function and its derivative by introducing the RSF model to deal with intensity inhomogeneity, 3) For the Watershed, propose a relevant choice of markers that considers the cell properties.ResultsExperimental results are performed on widely used synthetic images, in addition to simulated and real biological images, without and with additive noise. They attest the high quality of segmentation of the proposed method in terms of quantitative and qualitative evaluation.ConclusionThe proposed method is able to tackle many difficulties at the same time: overlapped intensities, noise, different cell sizes and clustered cells. It provides an efficient tool for image segmentation especially biological ones.     

Rough-Fuzzy Clustering and Unsupervised Feature Selection for Wavelet Based MR Image Segmentation

Image segmentation is an indispensable process in the visualization of human tissues, particularly during clinical analysis of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. For many human experts, manual segmentation is a difficult and time consuming task, which makes an automated brain MR image segmentation method desirable. In this regard, this paper presents a new segmentation method for brain MR images, integrating judiciously the merits of rough-fuzzy computing and multiresolution image analysis technique. The proposed method assumes that the major brain tissues, namely, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid from the MR images are considered to have different textural properties. The dyadic wavelet analysis is used to extract the scale-space feature vector for each pixel, while the rough-fuzzy clustering is used to address the uncertainty problem of brain MR image segmentation. An unsupervised feature selection method is introduced, based on maximum relevance-maximum significance criterion, to select relevant and significant textural features for segmentation problem, while the mathematical morphology based skull stripping preprocessing step is proposed to remove the non-cerebral tissues like skull. The performance of the proposed method, along with a comparison with related approaches, is demonstrated on a set of synthetic and real brain MR images using standard validity indices.     

Medical image segmentation based on level set and isoperimetric constraint

Level set based methods are being increasingly used in image segmentation. In these methods, various shape constraints can be incorporated into the energy functionals to obtain the desired shapes of the contours represented by their zero level sets of functions. Motivated by the isoperimetric inequality in differential geometry, we propose a segmentation method in which the isoperimetric constrain is integrated into a level set framework to penalize the ratio of its squared perimeter to its enclosed area of an active contour. The new model can ensure the compactness of segmenting objects and complete missing or/and blurred parts of their boundaries simultaneously. The isoperimetric shape constraint is free of explicit expressions of shapes and scale-invariant. As a result, the proposed method can handle various objects with different scales and does not need to estimate parameters of shapes. Our method can segment lesions with blurred or/and partially missing boundaries in ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) images efficiently. Quantitative evaluation also confirms that the proposed method can provide more accurate segmentation than two well-known level set methods. Therefore, our proposed method shows potential of accurate segmentation of lesions for applying in diagnoses and surgical planning.     

Level set segmentation of bovine corpora lutea in <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex situ</Emphasis> ovarian ultrasound images

Background  

The objective of this study was to investigate the viability of level set image segmentation methods for the detection of corpora lutea (corpus luteum, CL) boundaries in ultrasonographic ovarian images. It was hypothesized that bovine CL boundaries could be located within 1–2 mm by a level set image segmentation methodology.     

Method: automatic segmentation of mitochondria utilizing patch classification,contour pair classification,and automatically seeded level sets

Background  

While progress has been made to develop automatic segmentation techniques for mitochondria, there remains a need for more accurate and robust techniques to delineate mitochondria in serial blockface scanning electron microscopic data. Previously developed texture based methods are limited for solving this problem because texture alone is often not sufficient to identify mitochondria. This paper presents a new three-step method, the Cytoseg process, for automated segmentation of mitochondria contained in 3D electron microscopic volumes generated through serial block face scanning electron microscopic imaging. The method consists of three steps. The first is a random forest patch classification step operating directly on 2D image patches. The second step consists of contour-pair classification. At the final step, we introduce a method to automatically seed a level set operation with output from previous steps.     

CT image segmentation using FEM with optimized boundary condition

The authors propose a CT image segmentation method using structural analysis that is useful for objects with structural dynamic characteristics. Motivation of our research is from the area of genetic activity. In order to reveal the roles of genes, it is necessary to create mutant mice and measure differences among them by scanning their skeletons with an X-ray CT scanner. The CT image needs to be manually segmented into pieces of the bones. It is a very time consuming to manually segment many mutant mouse models in order to reveal the roles of genes. It is desirable to make this segmentation procedure automatic. Although numerous papers in the past have proposed segmentation techniques, no general segmentation method for skeletons of living creatures has been established. Against this background, the authors propose a segmentation method based on the concept of destruction analogy. To realize this concept, structural analysis is performed using the finite element method (FEM), as structurally weak areas can be expected to break under conditions of stress. The contribution of the method is its novelty, as no studies have so far used structural analysis for image segmentation. The method's implementation involves three steps. First, finite elements are created directly from the pixels of a CT image, and then candidates are also selected in areas where segmentation is thought to be appropriate. The second step involves destruction analogy to find a single candidate with high strain chosen as the segmentation target. The boundary conditions for FEM are also set automatically. Then, destruction analogy is implemented by replacing pixels with high strain as background ones, and this process is iterated until object is decomposed into two parts. Here, CT image segmentation is demonstrated using various types of CT imagery.     

鼻咽癌细胞双光子显微图像处理

鼻咽细胞的双光子显微图像中含有着丰富信息,借助计算机和图像处理算法可进行分析处理。图象分割是双光子显微图象处理中的一项重要技术,至今为止尚未形成一个最佳通用方法,也没有定义出双光子显微图象分割的统一标准。本文首先采用噪声干扰法进行去噪,采用低帽的变换等的数学形态学来增强鼻咽癌细胞图像,使细胞更加容易分辨,接着对几种经典边缘检测算法进行讨论比较,紧接着根据鼻咽双光子显微图像的实际特征,采取腐蚀算法求出鼻咽癌细胞边缘。然后进行区域生长定位细胞,并采用一些改进的判别分析算法和区域面积算法对鼻咽癌细胞进行阈值分割,获得较好结果。