中国柄灰包属的两个新种

本文报道柄灰包属的两个新种,滴孢柄灰包T. lacrimisporum和糙丝柄灰包T. verrucicapillitium。文中提供了拉丁文描述、英文描述并附图。滴孢柄灰包的主要特征是外包被由菌丝和沙粒所组成,内包被茶褐色,顶孔流苏状至裂片状,菌柄具一菌托,担孢子泪滴状,光镜和电镜下均平滑。糙丝柄灰包的主要特征是外包被由菌丝和沙粒所组成,顶孔圆形、整齐,口围黑灰色,菌柄具球形或鳞茎状的菌丝垫,孢丝隔处膨大,担孢子球圆形,光镜下具疣突和近棱状的突起,电镜下呈由数个柱状物组成的突起或长短不定的棱脊,顶端平截,常相互连接,但不呈网状。模式标本保存于新疆农业大学农学院(原新疆八一农学院)真菌标本室(HMAAC)和中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

歧裂灰包科——中国新记录属

作者在研究产于我国的柄灰包目Tulostomatales菌物时,发现采自新疆的2份标本是歧裂灰包科Phelloriniaceae网格歧裂灰包属Dictyocephalos的成员网格歧裂灰包Dictyocephalosattenuatus,该属、种为我国新记录。网格歧裂灰包属DictyocephalosUnderw.exV.S.White,Bull.TorreyBot.Clu     

歧裂灰包科一中国新记录属

作者在研究产于我国的柄灰包目Tulostomatales菌物时,发现采自新疆的2份标本是歧裂灰包科Phelloriniaceae网格歧裂灰包属Dictyocephalos的成员网格歧裂灰包Dictyocephalos attenuatus,该属、种为我国新记录。     

柄灰包属3个中国新记录种和条纹孢柄灰包补报

报道了采自内蒙古自治区的柄灰包属Tulostoma 3个中国新记录种:黑环柄灰包T. melanocyclum、斑点柄灰包T. punctatum和相似柄灰包T. simulans;补充报道了条纹孢柄灰包T. striatum。对以上4个种进行了详细的形态描述,并提供了担子果照片、担孢子的扫描电镜照片和ITS序列GenBank登录号。标本保存于赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

中国歧裂灰包属Phellorinia Berk.的研究

根据对产于中国的材料的研究,作者认为歧裂灰包属Phellorinia应包括2个种,歧裂灰包P.inquinans和球果歧裂灰包P.strobilina,对这2个种进行了详细描述和显微绘图,并给出了该属种的检索表。     

中国歧裂灰包属Phellorinia Berk.的研究

根据对产于中国的材料的研究,作者认为歧裂灰包属Phellorinia应包括2个种,歧裂灰包P.inquinans和球果歧裂灰包P.strobilina,对这2个种进行了详细描述和显微绘图,并给出了该属种的检索表。     

中国钉灰包属的研究

根据产于中国的材料的研究, 作者认为钉灰包属( Battarrea) 的鬼笔状钉灰包( B1phalloides ) 和毛柄钉灰包( B1 stevenii) 是两个独立的种, 对这2 个种进行了详细地描述和显微绘图, 并给出了该属种的检索表。     

中国钉灰包属的研究

根据产于中国的材料的研究,作者认为钉灰包属（Battarrea）的鬼笔状钉灰包（B．phalloides）和毛柄钉灰包（B．stevenii）是两个独立的种,对这2个种进行了详细地描述和显微绘图,并给出了该属种的检索表。     

甘肃大型真菌灰包科调查初报

灰包科大多数担子果幼时可食,成熟后又有收敛止血以致抗癌等药用功效。为了有效地利用这类宝贵的野生大型真菌资源,对甘肃省灰包科种类资源进行了初步调查研究,首次对该省灰包科种类进行了系统鉴定,共报道了６属、２９种及１变种。其中有１０种、１变种为甘肃分布新记录;１７种为食用或药用菌。     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料V.苔草属和姜属植物柄锈菌的增补

本文报告采自四川西部的三种柄锈菌新记录.它们是披针苔草Carex lanceolata Boott上的栗褐苔草柄锈菌Puccinia caricis-brunneae Dietel,苔草Carex sp.上的小堆柄锈菌Pucciniamicrosora Koernicke ex Fuckel以及阳荷Zingiber strialatum Dicls上的姜黄柄锈菌Puccinia curcumae T.S. Ramakrishnan & Sundaram。每个种有简要讨论并附线条图.标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Effect of Mating Status on the Fecundity and Longevity of Four Spider Mite Species (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The longevity and fecundity of inseminated and uninseminated females of four phytophagous mite species from the Indo-Pacific tropical area, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. lambi, T. marianae and T. neocaledonicus, were investigated. Uninseminated females of these species laid fewer eggs but lived longer than inseminated ones. The 50% survival rate of inseminated females was attained 20, 15.5, 14.5 and 13.5 days before that of uninseminated females in T. marianae, T. neocaledonicus, T. fijiensis and T. lambi respectively. Comparison between the egg production of inseminated and uninseminated females shows that the fecundity of inseminated females was roughly twice as great in T. marianae and T. fijiensis, 1.5 times as great in T. neocaledonicus and 1.25 times as great in T. lambi. The range of differences observed between species may perhaps result from adaptation to the climate of their area of origin.     

我国西南拟白蘑属的分类

本文报道了我国西南地区拟白蘑属Tricholomopsis Singer 8种1变种,其中2新种,1新变种和3个我国新记录种;新种是青盖拟白蘑T.lividipileata P.G.Liu和黑鳞拟白蘑T.nigrosquamosa P.G.Liu;新变种是竹生拟白蘑变种T.bambusina Hongo var.megasporaP.G.Liu;新记录种是南美杉拟白蘑 T.araucariae Sing.,丝囊拟白蘑T.flavissima(smith)Sing.和长根拟白蘑T.radicata(Pk.)Sing.。新种和新变种均有拉丁文描述和插图;本文所引证标本均存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)。     

广西大戟科植物资料

<正> 广西的大戟科植物种类众多。作者对广西中草药原植物研究过程,将已采集的标本及华南植物所标本室(SCBI)和广东、广西主要标本室(均有注明)收藏的广西及其邻近地区的大戟科标本进行整理;现报道(一)、三宝木属植物摘记;有5种和3个新变种,其中广西产5种、1变种。(二)、广西白大凤属植物;1种。     

小麦印度腥黑粉菌与近似种的形态学比较*

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对小麦印度腥黑粉菌及其近似种的形态学特征进行了系统研究。T. indica和T. horrida不同菌株冬孢子大小变化范围均较大。在所研究的种中,T. indica与T. walkeri最近似,前者冬孢子大小平均值比后者略大,分别为:38.35?5.92祄和32.86?1.53祄。T. indica与其它具有疣状或刺状突起的腥黑粉菌:T. horrida, T. barclayana, T. setariae, T. opaca, T. sumatii和T. savilei等区别明显,T. indica冬孢子大小平均值明显大于这些腥黑粉菌,前者大于30祄,后者则小于30祄, T. indica孢壁纹饰与这些腥黑粉菌也有一定区别。应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,能将T. indica与除T. walkeri之外的其它近似种区别开,但在区别T. indica与T. walkeri方面则有一定的局限性。     

山瑞鳖Trionyx steidachneri染色体组型

本文以骨髓为材料,用秋水仙—低渗—空气干燥制片法,制备染色体标本,对山瑞鳖的染色体组型进行研究。其2n=66 NF=60,其中近中着丝粒染色体4对,近端着丝粒染色体4对和端部着丝粒14对。并有11对点状染色体。山瑞鳖与鳖的染色体数目是十分相近的。     

Role of Toxoplasma gondii HSP70 and Toxoplasma gondii HSP30/bag1 in antibody formation and prophylactic immunity in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Production of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-derived stress proteins, T. gondii HSP70 (T.g.HSP70) and T.g.HSP30/bagl, in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice perorally infected with cysts of the avirulent Fukaya strain of T. gondii was analyzed. Production of anti-T.g.HSP70 IgG antibodies was transient, whereas production of anti-T.g.HSP30/bag1 IgG antibodies persisted after infection in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 mice, a susceptible strain, predominantly produced IgG antibodies specific for T.g.HSP70, whereas BALB/c mice, a resistant strain, predominantly produced IgG antibodies specific for T.g.HSP30/bag1, after T. gondii infection. Immunization with rT.g.HSP30/bag1 enhanced, whereas immunization with rT.g.HSP70 reduced host protective immunity against T. gondii infection with a cyst-forming avirulent strain, Fukaya, and a virulent strain, RH.     

IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus

Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are parasitic protists of the human and bovine urogenital tracts, respectively. Several studies have described the cytotoxic effects of trichomonads on urogenital tract epithelial cells. However, little is known about the host cell response against trichomonads. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. foetus and T. vaginalis stimulated the release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 from cultured bovine epithelial cells. To characterise the inflammatory response induced by these parasites, primary cultures of bovine oviduct epithelial cells were exposed to either T. vaginalis or T. foetus. Within 12 h after parasite challenge, supernatants were collected and cytokine production was analysed. Large amounts of IL-10 were detected in the supernatants of cultures that had been stimulated with T. foetus. Interestingly, T. vaginalis induced only a small increase in the release of IL-10 upon exposure to the same bovine cells. Thus, the inflammatory response of the host cell is species-specific. Only T. foetus and not T. vaginalis induced the release of IL-10 by bovine oviduct epithelial cells.     

盖裂木属两种植物花粉形态观察

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了盖裂木属两种Talauma gloriensis和T.mexicana的花粉形态。花粉粒具远极单萌发沟,椭圆球形,外壁较光滑或略粗糙且具小穴状雕纹。在透射电镜下,花粉外壁可分为覆盖层、柱状层和基层,外壁-2明显,且厚度不均匀。在远极面萌发沟区域,外壁逐渐减薄,最后覆盖层和柱状层消失,仅残留基层。T.gloriensis的柱状层内部空间较小,多由颗粒组成,而T.mexicana柱状层中有发育较好的小柱,与覆盖层和基层连接。     

线粒体DNA序列变异显示鸭绿江茴鱼为黑龙江茴鱼同物异名

经测序获得北极茴鱼鸭绿江亚种Thymallus arcticus yaluensis和黑龙江茴鱼T.grubii共26尾的线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列,以下游黑龙江茴鱼T.tugarinae、北极茴鱼指名亚种T.a.arcticus和欧洲茴鱼T.thymallus作外群,构建了茴鱼属部分种分子系统发育树,以探讨北极茴鱼鸭绿江亚种分类地位的有效性。结果显示,鸭绿江茴鱼与黑龙江茴鱼的4个地理种群(呼玛河、甘河、牡丹江、松花江)间的Kimura 2-parameter遗传距离仅为0·007~0·015,处于黑龙江茴鱼不同地理种群间的变异范围之内(0·004~0·015),明显小于属内种间的遗传距离(0·046~0·062)。以邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)构建的茴鱼属部分种系统发育树表明,鸭绿江茴鱼未构成独立的单系群,也未与北极茴鱼T.a.arcticus形成亚种关系,而是聚到黑龙江茴鱼种群内部,共同构为一个单系群。研究表明,鸭绿江茴鱼T.a.yaluensis并非有效种,应为黑龙江茴鱼T.grubii的同物异名,可视为黑龙江茴鱼的一个地理生态种群。     

Structural chromosome differentiation between Triticum timopheevii and T. turgidum and T. aestivum

 Chromosome pairing at metaphase-I was analyzed in F₁ hybrids among T. turgidum (AABB), T. aestivum (AABBDD), and T. timopheevii (A^tA^tGG) to study the chromosome structure of T. timopheevii relative to durum (T. turgidum) and bread (T. aestivum) wheats. Individual chromosomes and their arms were identified by means of C-banding. Homologous pairing between the A-genome chromosomes was similar in the three hybrid types AA^tBG, AA^tBGD, and AABBD. However, associations of B-G were less frequent than B-B. Homoeologous associations were also observed, especially in the AA^tBGD hybrids. T. timopheevii chromosomes 1A^t, 2A^t, 5A^t, 7A^t, 2G, 3G, 5G, and 6G do not differ structurally from their counterpart in the A and B genomes. Thus, these three polyploid species inherited translocation 5AL/4AL from the diploid A-genome donor. Chromosome rearrangements that occurred at the tetraploid level were different in T. turgidum and T. timopheevii. Translocation 4AL/7BS and a pericentric inversion of chromosome 4A originated only in the T. turgidum lineage. The two lines of T. timophevii studied carry four different translocations, 6A^tS/1GS, 1GS/4GS, 4GS/4A^tL, and 4A^tL/3A^tL, which most likely arose in that sequence. These structural differences support a diphyletic origin of polyploid wheats. Received: 15 June 1998 / Accepted: 19 August 1998