垣曲盆地始新世哺乳动物研究的新进展

简介了近几年来在垣曲盆地开展的地层古生物工作。在河南渑池任村和山西垣曲河堤、寨里等原有的化石点上通过筛洗和发掘,不仅找到了大量的以啮齿类为主的小哺乳动物,而且还发现了曙猿等珍贵的灵长类标本。新发现的火石坡化石点所产哺乳动物化石带明显的原始色彩,预示着垣曲盆地有可能存在中始新世伊尔丁曼哈期地层。按层位列出了迄今为止最为全面的垣曲盆地始新世哺乳动物名单。     

新疆吉木乃地区始新世中期哺乳动物化石

记述了新疆吉木乃地区托斯特西部发现的 Ｔｒｉｐｌｏｐｕｓ ｓｐ．、 Ｔｒｉｐｌｏｐｕｓ？ ｊｅｍｉｎａｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．、 Ｌｏｈｉａｌｅｔｅｓ ｓｐ．及Ｈｙａｅｎｏｄｏｎｔｉｄａｅ ｉｎｄｅｔ．等哺乳动物化石,证实了这一地区中始新世地 层的存在。其属种构成大致可与内蒙古伊尔丁曼哈动物群及哈萨克斯坦中始新世Ｏｂａｙｌａ或 Ｓａｒｇａｍｙｓ哺乳动物群对比,时代为伊尔丁曼哈期。     

美国怀俄明州大角盆地北部Polecat台地古新世动物群演化（英文）

怀俄明州大角盆地北部的Polecat台地和麦卡洛峰的重要发现对了解北美古新世哺乳动物生物地层以及古新世-始新世极热事件中陆生动物群更替模式和原因具有重要意义。1910年,普林斯顿大学和美国自然历史博物馆的古生物学者指出,古新世的哺乳动物与始新世的明显不同,这使得古新世是一个不同于始新世的时期的观点很快被接受。80年之后,密歇根大学和卡耐基研究院的古生物学者指出,陆相古新统-始新统界线可以用动物群的快速更替和小型化作为标志,并伴随着一次重要的碳同位素漂移,这使得古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)作为真正的全球性温室升温事件得到了公认。1950年,投身古生物事业的年轻学者周明镇被介绍到怀俄明参加古新世哺乳动物野外工作。在那里,他积累了专业知识和经验,并促成了对中国古新统进行的类似考察。现在的挑战是如何将北美和亚洲大陆相似的古新世历史拼合在一起。     

秦岭东段李官桥盆地始新世哺乳动物化石新材料

李官桥盆地是始新世地层发育较全、哺乳动物化石丰富的盆地。本文报道了该盆地两个始新世化石新地点,哺乳动物共计4目7属8种。其中有5个新种,分别为Kuanchuanius? danjiangensis sp. nov.、Asiocoryphodon progressivus sp. nov.、Gobiatherium minutunz sp. nov.、Lophialetes? primus sp. nov.、Eomoropus? zhanggouensis sp. nov.。动物群的时代可能为中始新世早期。     

新疆吉木乃地区始新世中期哺乳动物化石1)

记述了新疆吉木乃地区托斯特西部发现的Triplopus sp.、 Triplopus? jeminaiensis sp.nov., Lophialetes sp.及Hyaenodontidae indet.等哺乳动物化石,证实了这一地区中始新世地层的存在.其属种构成大致可与内蒙古伊尔丁曼哈动物群及哈萨克斯坦中始新世Obayla或Sargamys哺乳动物群对比,时代为伊尔丁曼哈期.     

垣曲盆地中始新世貘类和犀类新材料

记述了近年来在山西垣曲盆地中始新世河堤组任村段中发现的貘类和犀类化石计４科７属８种动物。它们不仅为原有类群增加了新材料,而且出现了该地区以前不曾有过的种类,因而丰富了垣曲盆地中始新世哺乳动物群内涵。     

中国始新世中、晚期哺乳动物群

对于哺乳类来说,始新世中、晚期是一个很重要的“更新”时期。许多古老的哺乳动物明显地衰退,甚至绝灭,同时,更为进步的种类的出现,却为现代动物群的形成奠定了基础。对于这一哺乳动物发展的重要时期的研究,在我国起步较晚,但也有近百年的历史。 1892年,俄国著名的地质学家V.A.Obruchev在内蒙古采到一块雷兽的牙齿碎片(见Osborn,1930),这也许是我国中、晚始新世哺乳类化石第一次有纪录的发现。在本世纪的二、三十年代,国外学者在我国进行大规模的调查研究,奠定我国中、晚始新世哺乳类研究基     

北美西部古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)期间的哺乳动物群序列(英文)

跟随一队研究哺乳动物群在古新世-始新世变化的生物地层学和古地理学的学者,已故周明镇教授开始了他的古脊椎动物学事业。这是化石记录中偶蹄类、奇蹄类和灵长类(APP类群)首次出现的时期。随着北美西部Polecat Bench新的最晚古新世Clarkforkian哺乳动物群的发现,古新世作为一个独立于始新世的分期从1911年开始被接受。后来,研究证明古新世-始新世界线包括了一段时间,这期间发育了矮小型哺乳动物支系。古新世-始新世碳同位素漂移(CIE)与哺乳动物矮小化以及APP类群的首次出现是同时的。据此可以对CIE进行全球性总结,结果表明它与古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)相关。PETM这一全球温室变暖事件不仅对地球气候和生物群有短暂的影响,而且对生物群同样具有深远持续的影响。我们所知的哺乳动物与CIE和PETM之间关系的大部分内容是通过对Polecat Bench周边剖面独特地层记录的高分辨率研究得到的。周教授早年曾在那里工作过,如今他的骨灰也撒在那里。     

云南建水早第三纪哺乳类的发现

本文记述了在云南省建水县岔科地区发现的哺乳动物化石。根据豫鼠(Yuomys),定地层时代为晚始新世。这套地层暂称岔科组,以示滇南地区第一个含早第三纪哺乳动物的地点和层位。     

广西百色第三纪哺乳动物群与气候变迁

在广西百色共发现了三个层位:晚始新世早期的洞均组,晚始新世晚期的那读组和早渐新世的公康组。它们的哺乳动物的种类数目分别为14,27和ll,而其南方类型的百分含量则分别为50,77.8和54.5。故在晚始新世早期或早渐新世,气候较凉;而在晚始新世晚期,气候较暖。这是与北美的情况相类似的。     

内蒙古呼和勃尔和陡坎晚始新世伊尔丁曼哈层及其哺乳动物群

<正> 呼和勃尔和陡坎,位于二连浩特市西南40余公里,在苏尼特右旗额仁诺尔公社所在地——毛登正东20余公里,即美国自然历史博物馆中亚考察团所谓“马捷茨营地”(CampMargetts)之所在地区(见 Radinsky,1964)。过去在此地区发现的早第三纪化石哺乳类,屡有报道,唯所记述之化石均注以“伊尔丁曼哈组(或层)”,莫一例外。1975—1977年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、内蒙古区测队以及内蒙古     

记云南路南晚始新世化石獏类

本文记述了在云南省路南县路美邑地区发现的五种始新世化石獏类。这是西南地区该类动物最集中的一次发现。另外,本文对当时獏类在我国的分布以及它们与华北地区、西南地区化石獏类的关系作了初步的探讨。     

广东南雄古新世一种类似裂齿目的哺乳类

本文记述了一种近似裂齿目的小型哺乳类,订名小迷兽。这是一种性质很特殊的原始哺乳类。从现在仅有的一个上颌和一个下颌推断,可能是一种近似裂齿目的哺乳类。     

甘肃天祝松山第二地点中上新世小哺乳动物

<正> 1980年夏作者在甘肃天祝藏族自治县松山公社处理人民来信过程中,在80007地点采得几块含化石骨片的红粘土结核标本。这些标本经室内水洗,从中获得一些零星但相当有意义的小哺乳动物化石材料。这些化石的发现不但对于早先记述的80006地点的小哺乳动物群作了进一步的充实,而且对更深入认识中国北方三趾马动物群也有一定的意义。     

A late early to early middle Eocene mammal assemblage from Bayan Ulan (Inner Mongolia,China): Implication for the reassessment of the Arshantan Asian Land Mammal Age

Paleogene mammal localities of North China are particularly well represented in the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia. Among them, the locality of Bayan Ulan is most famous for its late Paleocene Gashatan fauna. However, the younger Arshantan fauna of the same site is not well known, since no extensive study has been done so far. Here, we present a small mammal assemblage based on dental and tarsal material from a new Arshantan collection retrieved from the red beds of the late early to early middle Eocene Arshanto Formation at Bayan Ulan. It consists of at least six different taxa: the basal lagomorph Dawsonolagus antiquus, the large pantodont Pantolambdodon sp., the tapiroid Schlosseria magister, and the rhinocerotoids Hyrachyus crista and Rhodopagus guoi nov. sp. The assemblage is dominated by perissodactyls, especially Lophialetidae and Hyracodontidae. For the first time, p4-m1 of Dawsonolagus antiquus, tarsal material from Pantolambdodon sp., and lower dentition and tarsals of Hyrachyus crista are described and illustrated. Unlike other described Arshantan faunas, the Bayan Ulan Arshantan mammal assemblage has been collected exclusively from a single locality, which contributes to the reassessment of the misunderstood Arshantan Asian Land Mammal Age.     

Dental Morphology of the Jurassic Holotherian Mammal Amphitherium, with a Discussion of the Evolution of Mammalian Post-Canine Dental Formulae

Four fragmentary mandibles from the Stonesfield Slate facies, Taynton Limestone Formation, Middle Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), England, represent two species of Amphitherium A. prevostii A. rixoni sp. nov. Both species had five lower premolariform teeth. The composite formula for the lower dentition of Amphitherium appears to have been I/4, C/1, P/5, M/6–7. The seventh molar is not present in the presumably oldest individual, and its presence is regarded as probably an individual variation.   The mosaic evolution of patterns of differentiation of the postcanine dentition from nonmammalian cynodonts to modern therian mammals is reviewed. It is concluded that Amphitherium probably had reached the grade of modern therians in the division between diphyodont premolars and monophyodont molars. The common ancestor of Amphitherium and zatheres probably had lost the primitive pattern of posterior shift of the postcanine dentition, which appears to have consisted of five premolars and four or possibly five molars. In Amphitherium the number of molars probably was secondarily increased.     

Origin and evolution of the Pseudorhyncocyonidae,a European Paleogene family of insectivorous placental mammals

Two new species of pseudorhyncocyonid, Fordonia lawsoni sp. nov. and Leptictidium prouti sp. nov. from the UK earliest Eocene, described here, are older than any previously recorded member of the family. They are represented by teeth from numerous loci, which allow a better understanding of the sparsely known dentitions of currently known pseudorhyncocyonids. This facilitates the recognition of two further species of Leptictidium, L. listeri sp. nov. from the Middle Eocene of Germany and L. storchi sp. nov. from the Late Eocene of France. Study of occlusal relationships also helps to fill gaps in our knowledge of missing tooth loci. Cladistic analysis of pseudorhyncocyonids with their previously judged closest relatives, the Leptictidae, Pantolesta and Palaeanodonta, shows that two European species, Diaphyodectes prolatus and Palaeictops? levei, formerly thought to be leptictids, are instead primitive pseudorhyncocyonids, extending the range of the family further back in time to the Middle Paleocene. P? levei is placed in the new genus Phakodon gen. nov. The analysis also shows that the Pseudorhyncocyonidae are sister group to the other three groups combined and that family‐level differentiation in this probable clade took place as early as the earliest Paleocene.     

河南淅川始新世核桃园组獏化石

这里记述了河南淅川核桃园组中五种獏化石:Breviodon minutus,Schlosseria hetaoyuanensissp.nov.,Deperetella sichuanensis,Teleolophus danjiangensis sp.nov.,Pachylophus xui gen.etsp.nov.,并认为其时代大体相当于伊尔丁曼哈阶。文中也对脊齿獏亚科的分化和Teleolophus与Deperetella两属系统关系作了一些探讨。     

Oligocene sivaladapid primate from the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) bridges the gap between Eocene and Miocene adapiform communities in Southern Asia

A new species of Guangxilemur (Sivaladapidae, Adapiformes) is described from the early Oligocene Chitarwata Formation (Bugti Member) of the Bugti Hills, Sulaiman geological Province, Balochistan, Pakistan. Guangxilemur singsilai n. sp. provides further diagnostic morphological characters from its newly described upper and lower dentitions, confirming its intermediate phylogenetic position between Eocene and Miocene Asian sivaladapid adapiforms. G. singsilai possesses moderately developed shearing and puncturing molar features and maintains lingual cusps on upper molars as in Eocene hoanghoniines; in contrast, it possesses a typical molariform P(4) as in Miocene sivaladapines. The important paleogeographic changes that have affected South Asia during the Tertiary (related to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates) have played a critical role in reforming circulation and climatic differentiation. The presence in Pakistan of an unique and well-diversified Oligocene primate fauna, clearly demonstrates that South Asia maintained favourable environmental conditions during the middle Caenozoic global climatic deterioration that coincides with drastic changes in faunal structure on the whole Holarctic Province, including the extinction of adapiform primates.