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1.
E. Schnepf 《Protoplasma》1984,120(1-2):100-112
Summary The microtubules (MTs) of developingSphagnum leaflets rearrange from the interphase array into the preprophase band without obvious participation of definite initiation sites. At late prophase, additional MTs appear along the nuclear envelope, with the same orientation as in the peripherally situated preprophase band. Spindle formation begins along the nuclear envelope; spindle MTs run perpendicular to preprophase band MTs and converge in several focus points with indistinct polar bodies. After cytokinesis, most spindle and phragmoplast MTs disappear. Interphase MTs reappear at first along the central part of the new cell wall, in a region which was occupied before by the initial phragmoplast; their orientation is perpendicular to the phragmoplast MTs. Also here, distinct MT organizing centers could not be observed. Then the MT spread out over the cell periphery. The observations suggest that diffuse MT organizing zones rather than definite MT organizing centers play a role in the rearrangement of the different MT arrays during the cell cycle. 相似文献
2.
Summary The patterns of F-actin in relation to microtubule (Mt) organization in dividing root tip cells ofAdiantum capillus veneris were studied with rhodamine-phalloidin (RP) labelling and tubulin immunofluorescence. Interphase cells display a well organized network of cortical/subcortical, endoplasmic and perinuclear actin filaments (AFs), not particularly related to the interphase Mt arrays. The cortical AFs seem to persist during the cell cycle while the large subcortical AF bundles disappear by preprophase/prophase and reappear after cytokinesis is completed. In some but not all of the preprophase cells the cortical AFs tend to form a band (AF-PPB) coincident with the preprophase band of Mts (Mt-PPB). In metaphase and anaphase cells AFs are localized in the cell cortex, around the spindle and inside it coincidently with kinetochore Mt bundles. During cytokinesis AFs are consistently found in the phragmoplast. In oryzalin treated cells neither Mt-PPBs, spindles and phragmoplasts exist, nor such F-actin structures can be observed. In cells recovering from oryzalin, AF-PPBs, AF kinetochore bundles and AF phragmoplasts reform. They show the same pattern with the reinstating respective Mt arrays. In contrast, in cells treated with cytochalasin B (CB), AFs disappear but all categories of Mt arrays form normally.These observations show that F-actin organization in root tip cells ofA. capillus veneris differs from that of root tip cells of flowering plants examined so far. In addition, Mts seem to be crucial for F-actin organization as far as it concerns the PPB, the mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast.Abbreviations AF
actin filament
- CB
cytochalasin B
- MBS
m-male-imidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- MSB
microtubule stabilizing buffer
- Mt
microtubule
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline
- PPB
preprophase band
- RP
rhodamine phalloidin 相似文献
3.
Summary Transmission of paternal chloroplasts was observed in Nicotiana, considered to inherit organelles in a strictly maternal way. Plants carrying streptomycin resistant plastids were used as pollen donors. Cell lines with paternal plastids in the offspring were selected as green (resistant) sectors on calli induced from the seedlings on streptomycin-containing media. The presence of paternal plastids in the regenerated plants was confirmed by restriction analysis. In the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia xN. plumbaginifolia Np(SR1)3 and the N. plumbaginifolia Np(gos)29 xN. tabacum SR1 crosses 2.5% and 0.07% of the offspring were found to contain paternal (tabacum) plastids, respectively. These plants, however, carried maternal mitochondria exclusively. This sexual cybridization method offers a simple way to transfer chloroplasts solely, a goal not accessible by protoplast fusion. 相似文献
4.
Plasma membrane-cell wall connections: Roles in mitosis and cytokinesis revealed by plasmolysis ofTradescantia virginiana leaf epidermal cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ann L. Cleary 《Protoplasma》2001,215(1-4):21-34
Summary
Tradescantia virginiana leaf epidermal cells were plasmolysed by sequential treatment with 0.8 M and 0.3 M sucrose. Plasmolysis revealed adhesion of the plasma membrane to the cell wall at sites coinciding with cytoskeletal arrays involved in the polarisation of cells undergoing asymmetric divisions — cortical actin patch — and in the establishment and maintenance of the division site —preprophase band of microtubules and filamentous (F) actin. The majority of cells retained adhesions at the actin patch throughout mitosis. However, only approximately 13% of cells formed or retained attachments at the site of the preprophase band. After the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, plasmolysis had a dramatic effect on spindle orientation, cell plate formation, and the plane of cytokinesis. Spindles were rotated at abnormal angles including tilted into the plane of the epidermis. Cell plates formed but were quickly replaced by vacuole-like intercellular compartments containing no Tinopal-stainable cell wall material. This compartment usually opened to the apoplast at one side, and cytokinesis was completed by the furrow extending across the protoplast. This atypical cytokinesis was facilitated by a phragmoplast containing microtubules and F-actin. Progression of the furrow was unaffected by 25 g of cytochalasin B per ml but inhibited by 10 M oryzalin. Phragmoplasts were contorted and misguided and cytokinesis prolonged, indicating severe disruption to the guidance mechanisms controlling phragmoplast expansion. These results are discussed in terms of cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall connections that could be important to the localisation of plasma membrane molecules defining the cortical division site and hence providing positional information to the cytokinetic apparatus, and/or for providing an anchor for cytoplasmic F-actin necessary to generate tension on the phragmoplast and facilitate its directed, planar expansion.Abbreviations ADZ
actin-depleted zone
- DIC
differential interference contrast
- GMC
guard mother cell
- MT
microtubule
- PPB
preprophase band
- SMC
subsidiary mother cell
Dedicated to Professor Brian E. S. Gunning on the occasion of his 65th birthday 相似文献
5.
The distributional changes and role of microtubules in Nod factor-challenged<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Medicago sativa</Emphasis> root hairs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The normal tip-growing pattern exhibited by root hairs of legumes is disrupted when the hair is exposed to Nod factors generated by compatible bacteria capable of inducing nodule formation. Since microtubules (MTs) play an important role in regulating directionality and stability of apical growth in root hairs [T.N. Bibikova et al. (1999) Plant J 17:657–665], we examined the possibility that Nod factors might affect the MT distribution patterns in root hairs of Medicago sativa L. We observed that Nod factor application caused rapid changes in the pattern of MTs starting as early as 3 min after perfusion. Within 3 to 10 min after Nod factor application, first endoplasmic and then cortical MTs depolymerised, initially at the proximal ends of cells. Twenty minutes after exposure to Nod factors, a transverse band of microtubules was seen behind the tip, while almost all other MTs had depolymerised. By 30 min, very few MTs remained in the root hair and yet by 1 h the MT cytoskeleton re-formed. When Nod factors were applied in the presence of 10 M oryzalin or 5 M taxol, the MTs appeared disintegrated while the morphological effects, such as bulging and branching, became enhanced. Compared to the treatments with oryzalin or taxol alone, the combinatory treatments exhibited higher growth rates. Since microtubule reorganization is one of the earliest measurable events following Nod factor application we conclude that microtubules have an important role in the early phases of the signalling cascade. Microtubule involvement could be direct or a consequence of Nod factor-induced changes in ion levels.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1097-1Abbreviations BNM buffered nodulation medium - CLSM confocal laser scanning microscopy - MT microtubule 相似文献
6.
M. I. Giménez-Abián G. Giménez-Martín M. H. Navarrete C. De la Torre 《Protoplasma》1997,200(1-2):65-70
Summary Indirect immunodetection of tubulin showed that the herbicide carbetamide activated silent signals left by the preprophase band (PPB) and by old phragmoplasts. Thus, after half an hour of treatment, 5.3% of anaphases inAllium cepa L. meristems showed spindle microtubules pointing to sites of the longitudinal cell membranes which, under control conditions, would only start attracting microtubules from the growing phragmoplast at late telophase. After 2 h, 12.8% of the telophases showed not only the expected phragmoplast between the two sister nuclei, but one or two additional phragmoplasts, at one or both cell tips, the sites of the phragmoplasts from the telophases of previous cycles. A few binucleate cells, obtained by aborting phragmoplast formation by a short caffeine treatment, developed three phragmoplasts in their next mitosis (bimitosis) in the presence of carbetamide: one between each sister pair of telophasic nuclei plus an extra one. The latter also occupied the site of the phragmoplast of the telophase of the previous cycle.Abbreviations PPB
preprophase band of microtubules
- EGTA
ethylene glycol-bis(-amino-ethyl-ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl-fluoride
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethane sulphonic acid)
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
- DAPI
4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole 相似文献
7.
Summary Peptide-specific antibody AAB1, raised to the C-terminal 13 amino acids ofArabidopsis thaliana 1 tubulin, identifies a single electrophoretically separable -tubulin on 2-D-gel Western blots of total protein extracts fromA. thaliana seedlings. We show that AAB1 crossreacts with two of the eight polyglutamylated -tubulin isoforms present in purifiedNicotiana tabacum tubulin fractionated by high-resolution isoelectric focussing. Immunolocalisation studies using AAB1 revealed that the twoN. tabacum polyglutamylated 1-tubulin isoforms are utilised in all four plant microtubule arrays (the interphase cortical array, the preprophase band, the spindle and the phragmoplast) indicating that there is no apparent subcellular sorting of these isotypes.Abbreviations AAB1
Anti-Ambidopsis thaliana 1-tubulin antibody
- HRIF
high-resolution isoelectric focussing 相似文献
8.
Jan B L Damm Hans Voshol Karl Hård Johannis P Kamerling Gijs W K Van Dedem Johannes F G Vliegenthart 《Glycoconjugate journal》1988,5(3):221-233
TheN-linked carbohydrate chains of the-subunit of highly purified urinary human chorionic gonadotropin have been re-investigated. The oligosaccharides were released enzymatically by peptide-N
4-(N-acetyl--glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase-F, and fractionated by a combination of FPLC and HPLC. As a result of the application of improved fractionation methods, apart from the earlier reported carbohydrate chains, also small amounts of trisialo tri- and tri-antennary oligosaccharides were found. The primary structures of the latter carbohydrate chains have been determined by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy to beAbbreviations hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
- hCG-
-subunit
- hCG-
-subunit
- PNGase-F
peptide-N
4-(N-acetyl--glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase-F (E.C. 3.5.1.52)
- endo-F
endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase-F (E.C. 3.2.1.96)
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- CBB
coomassie brilliant blue R 250
- GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine
- NeuAc
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- Man
mannose
- Gal
galactose
- Fuc
fucose 相似文献
9.
Morphologically normal plants have been regenerated from petal protoplasts of petunia (Petunia hybrida) flower. Maximum protoplast yields from petal tissues were obtained within 2 days after anthesis. Protoplasts were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium in which NH4NO3 and Fe·EDTA concentrations were reduced to 1/3 (7mM) and 1/10 (10 M), respectively. After plating, protoplasts gradually reduced pigment density, and plastids developed near the nucleus. In premitotic petunia petal cells, the nucleus moved from the periphery to the central region of the cell. The first cell divisions were detected after 6–10 days of culture initiation, and the average division frequency was 15% in the best culture condition. The results indicated that the time of the first cell division and cell division frequency were closely related to flower age after anthesis. More than a hundred plants with morphologically normal shoots and roots have been obtained. Those plants grew vigorously in soil.Abbreviations BA
benzylaminopurine
- DAPI
4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- 2, 4-d
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Fe·EDTA
Fe·ethylenediaminetetraacetate
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MtSB
microtubule stabilizing buffer
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
- EGTA
ethylene glycol-bis(-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid 相似文献
10.
J. W. La Claire II 《Planta》1987,171(1):30-42
Microtubule (MT) arrangements were investigated, with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, in two related species of coenocytic green algae. Intact cells of both Ernodesmis verticillata (Kützing) Boergesen and Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann have two morphologically distinct populations of MTs: a highly regular cortical array consisting of a single layer of parallel, longitudinal MTs; and perinuclear MTs radiating from the surface of the envelope of each interphase nucleus. In both algae, mitotic figures lack perinuclear MTs around them. Pre-incubation with taxol does not alter the appearance of these arrays. The cortical and nuclear MTs appear to coexist throughout the nuclear cycle, unlike the condition in most plant cells. At the cut/contracting ends of wounded Ernodesmis cells, cortical MTs exhibit bundling and marked convolution, with some curvature and slight bundling of MTs throughout the cell cortices. In Boergesenia, wound-induced reticulation and separation of the protoplasm into numerous spheres also involves a fasciation of MTs within the attenuating regions of the cytoplasm. Although some cortical MTs are fairly resistant to cold and amiprophos-methyl-induced depolymerization, the perinuclear ones are very labile, depolymerizing in 5–10 min in the cold. The MT cytoskeleton is not believed to be directly involved in wound-induced motility in these plants because amiprophos-methyl and cold depolymerize most cortical MTs without inhibiting motility. Also, the identical MT distributions in intact cells of these two algae belie the very different patterns of cytoplasmic motility. Although certain roles of the MT arrays may be ruled out, their exact functions in these plants are not known.Abbreviations APM
amiprophos-methyl
- DIC
differential interference contrast
- EGTA
ethylene glycol-bis(-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- MT(s)
microtubule(s)
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline 相似文献
11.
Summary Antibodies specific to two of the maize -tubulin isoforms and to the three subfamilies of maize -tubulins were used in immunofluorescence microscopy to determine where and into which microtubule (MT) arrays these tubulin isoforms are incorporated in maize plants. All the tubulins examined appear to be incorporated into MTs in at least some cell types, with the possible exception of subfamily II -tubulins, which have been found only in the form of diffuse, nonfibrillar staining. Whereas the -tubulins of subfamily I appear to be used constitutively, others are used much more selectively in the plant, with 2-tubulin found in microtubules only during sexual reproduction. If a particular tubulin is used in the MTs of a given cell type, it appears to be incorporated into all the MT arrays found in the cell.Abbreviations DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
- MT
microtubule
- Pipes
1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
12.
Wei Tong Wang Fumito Matsuura Hernan Nunez Norman Ledonne Jr. Betty Baltzer Charles C Sweeley 《Glycoconjugate journal》1984,1(1):17-35
Ten previously unreported oligosaccharides have been purified from the urines of human subjects using a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, and thin-layer chromatographies. Their structures were determined by direct probe mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and proton NMR spectroscopy of the permethylated oligosaccharide alditols.On the basis of composition, the oligosaccharides could be divided into three groups. Five oligosaccharides containing glycerol were characterized as glucosyl1-1glycerol; glucosyl1-1glycerol; galactosyl1-1glycerol; glucosyl-1-1(fucosyl-1-2)glycerol and/or fucosyl-1-1(glucosyl-1-2)glycerol; and glucosyl-1-1(galactosyl-1-2)glycerol or galactosyl-1-1(glucosyl-1-2)glycerol. Four inositol-containing oligosaccharides were characterized as galactosyl1 (fucosyl1)inositol,N-acetylgalactosaminyl1 (fucosyl1)inositol, fucosyl1-2galactosyl1 (N-acetylgalactosaminyl1)inositol and fucosyl1-2galactosyl1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl1(N-acetylgalactosaminyl1)inositol. Finally, galactosyl1-3(fucosyl1-2)galactosyl1-6galactosyl1-4(fucosyl1-3)glucose, an oligosaccharide with glucose at its reducing end, was tentatively identified. The significance and possible origins of the carbohydrate structures are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Summary Because the activity of calmodulin (CaM) may be dependent upon its structural distribution, we have examined its spatial localization in living cells. We have focused on cell division and cell plate formation, where conventional immunofluorescence studies report that CaM is specifically associated with microtubules (MTs) of the spindle and the phragmoplast. In dividing stamen hair cells ofTradescantia virginiana that were injected with fluorescently labeled CaM and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we found that the labeled protein is uniformly distributed throughout the cell and is not localized with the phragmoplast MTs or any other obvious structure. To explore why these images from live cells differ from those prepared by immunolabeling, we investigated the fate of CaM during fixation and compared it with the localization of fixable dextran and tubulin. The results show that fixation causes severe changes in cell morphology and in the distribution of CaM and dextran in three quarters of the cells. Conversely, injected rhodamine-tubulin did not show redistribution after fixation. We conclude that in the live cell, CaM is largely uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and secondly that conventional chemical fixation does not preserve CaM, and probably many other soluble proteins, in its in vivo distribution. The role postulated for CaM in mitosis, solely based on indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, has to be re-evaluated.Abbreviations BSA
bovine serum albumin
- CaM
calmodulin
- CLSM
confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Cy3
indocarbocyanine
- EDTA
ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid
- EGTA
ethylene glycol bis (-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,NN-tetraacetic acid
- FITC
fluoresceinisothiocyanate
- IAF
5-iodoacetamido-fluorescein
- MT
microtubule
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
- TBS
Tris-buffered saline 相似文献
14.
Summary Although there are numerous herbicides that disrupt mitosis as a mechanism of action, to date not one has compared the effects of these disrupters on a single species and over a range of concentrations. Oat seedlings, treated with a range of concentrations of nine different mitotic disrupter herbicides, were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy of tubulin in methacrylate sections. All herbicides caused the same kinds of microtubule disruption, although the concentrations required to cause the effects differed markedly between the herbicides. Effects on spindle and phragmoplast mitotic microtubule arrays were seen at the lowest concentrations and manifested as multipolar spindles and bifurcated phragmoplasts (which subsequently resulted in abnormal cell plate formation). At increasing concentrations, effects on mitotic microtubule arrays manifested as microtubule tufts at kinetochores and reduction of cortical microtubules resulting in arrested prometaphase figures and isodiametric cells. These data indicate that all mitotic disrupter herbicides have a common primary mechanism of action, inhibition of microtubule polymerization, and that marginal effects observed in the past were the result of incomplete inhibition and/or differential sensitivity of the microtubule arrays.Abbreviations DCPA
2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalic acid dimethyl ester
- APM
amiprophosmethyl
- DAPI
4,6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole
- MTOC
microtubule organizing center 相似文献
15.
Résumé Les réactions d'immunofluorescence induites par l'Ac. anti -(1–24) corticotropine nous ont permis d'identifier les cellules ACTH dans le lobe antérieur de l'hypophyse d'Ellobius lutescens; il s'agit de petites cellules de forme irrégulière, à fins prolongements cytoplasmiques aboutissant à des capillaires et entourant souvent d'autres cellules préhypophysaires; ces mêmes cellules réagissent également, mais d'une façon atténuée, avec l'Ac. anti -MSH. Ce dernier induit une réaction très forte au niveau de toutes les cellules de la pars intermedia, alors que seulement certaines d'entre elles réagissent intensément avec l'Ac. anti -(1–24) corticotropine. L'improbabilité de réactions croisées entre l'Ag. -MSH et l'Ac. -(1–24) corticotropine et vice-versa est discutée. Par ailleurs, seules les cellules de la pars intermedia réagissent avec l'Ac. anti -MSH.
Abréviations ACTH hormone corticotrope - Ac. anticorps - Ag. antigène - Cell. cellules - C.M.C. fraction inactive de la purification d'ACTH porcine au stade 140 U/mg - C.R.F. fraction inactive de la purification d'ACTH porcine au stade 73 U/mg - Irrég. irrégulières - P.A.S. Periodic Acid-Schiff - P.A. Pars Anterior - P.I. Pars Intermedia 相似文献
Immunofluorescent localisation of corticotrophic and melanotrophic hormones in the pituitary gland of the rodent Ellobius lutescens (Th)
Summary Immunofluorescence induced by the antibody to -(1–24) corticotrophin has been used to identify the ACTH cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in Ellobius lutescens. The cells are small, irregular, with fine cytoplasmic extensions ending near capillaries and often encircling other anterior lobe cell types. They also react, although less strongly, with the antibody to -MSH. The latter antibody induced a marked reaction in all cells of the pars intermedia while only some of them reacted strongly with the antibody to -(1–24) corticotrophin. The unlikeliness of cross-reactions between the antigen -MSH and antibody to -(1–24) corticotrophin is discussed. Furthermore only the cells of the pars intermedia reacted with the antibody to -MSH.
Abréviations ACTH hormone corticotrope - Ac. anticorps - Ag. antigène - Cell. cellules - C.M.C. fraction inactive de la purification d'ACTH porcine au stade 140 U/mg - C.R.F. fraction inactive de la purification d'ACTH porcine au stade 73 U/mg - Irrég. irrégulières - P.A.S. Periodic Acid-Schiff - P.A. Pars Anterior - P.I. Pars Intermedia 相似文献
16.
Ernst Vitek 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1985,148(3-4):215-237
A more precise taxonomic concept ofE. hirtella and its infraspecific synonymy is presented. Its diploid nature (2n = 22) is confirmed. Within the European area ofE. hirtella five different races may be recognised: typical, brandisii, capitulata, Rofan and Bretagne. Taxonomic rank is not yet attributed to these races. The heterogeneous taxonomic assembly E. drosocalyx is disentangled. The type refers to products of hybrid introgression ofE. rostkoviana-characters (long glandular hairs) intoE. minima.
Former contributions of this series areEhrendorfer & Vitek (1984) andGreilhuber & al. (1984). 相似文献
17.
Summary Examination was made of the structure and assembly of the cortical microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in the coenocytic green algaBoodlea coacta (Dickie) Murray et De Toni by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cortical MTs inBoodlea protoplasts are arranged randomly but some show a meridional arrangement within 6 h after protoplast formation. At 6–9 h such MTs become highly concentrated and parallel to each other in certain areas. At 12 h the concentration is uniformly high throughout the cell, indicating the completion of high density meridional arrangement of cortical MTs. Cortical MTs exhibiting a high density, meridional arrangement show characteristic disassembly by treatment with 10 M amiprophos-methyl (APM) or cold treatment (0 °C). Disassembly occurs by each MT unit at positions skipping 30–40 m in the transverse direction, and neighboring MTs subsequently disassemble to form MT groups. Each group becomes slender and then disappears completely within the following 24 h. The meridional arrangement of cortical MTs is disrupted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) accompanied by a remarkable reduction in density. The remaining MTs form groups at 30–40 m intervals from each other, as also occurs with drug or cold treatment, but disruption and density return to normal levels following removal of NEM. It appears that there are meridionally oriented channels, anchor-rich and anchor-poor, in the plasma membrane. The channels could be distributed alternately and anchors could be deposited in a cross-linking manner with cortical MTs to form a stable cortical MT-cytoskeleton. MTs comprising the cortical MT cytoskeleton could be oriented by meridionally oriented channels of anchors which are distributed following establishment of cell polarity.Abbreviations APM
amiprophos-methyl
- MT
microtubule
- MTOC
microtubule organizing center
- NEM
N-ethylrnaleimide 相似文献
18.
N. -S. Kim K. C. Armstrong G. Fedak A. Fominaya E. W. P. Whelan 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,86(7):827-832
Efforts to transfer wheat curl mite (Eriophyes tulipae Keifer) resistance from Lophopyrum ponticum 10X (Podb.) Love to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have resulted in the production of a number of cytogenetic stocks, including an addition line of 6Ag, a ditelo addition line, and a wheat-Lophopyrum translocation line. Characterization of these lines with C-banding, in situ hybridization with a Lophopyrum species-specific repetitive DNA probe (pLeUCD2), and Southern blotting with pLeUCD2 and a 5S ribosomal DNA probe (pScT7) confirmed that the distal portion of the short arm of 6Ag was translocated onto the distal portion of 5BS (5BL. 5BS-6AgS). It was also determined that the ditelo addition was an acrocentric chromosome of 6AgS. 相似文献
19.
Rabbit antisera were raised against -(16)-galactotetraose coupled to bovine serum albumin (Gal4-BSA). The antisera reacted with arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) isolated from seeds, roots, or leaves of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as revealed by immunodiffusion analysis. Extensive removal of -l-arabinofuranosyl residues from these AGPs enhanced the formation of precipitin with the antisera. The antisera did not react with such other polysaccharides as soybean arabinan-4-galactan, -(14)-galactan, and -(13)-galactan, indicating their high specificity toward the consecutive -(16)-galactosyl side chains of AGPs. The antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography on a column of immobilized -(16)-galactotetraose as ligand. The specificity of the antibodies toward consecutive (16)-linked -galactosyl residues was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hapten inhibition against Gal4-BSA as antigen, which revealed that -(16)-galactotriose and-tetraose were potent inhibitors, while -(13)-or -(14)-galactobioses and -trioses were essentially unreactive. Electron-microscopic observation of immunogold-stained tissues demonstrated that AGPs were localized in the middle lamella as well as at the plasma membrane of primary roots of radish. Agglutination of protoplasts prepared from cotyledons occurred with the antibodies, supporting the evidence for localization of AGPs in the plasma membrane. The antibody-mediated agglutination was inhibited by addition of AGPs or -(16)-galactotetraose.Abbreviations AGP
arabinogalactan-protein
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Gal3-BSA
-(16)-galactotriose coupled to BSA
- Gal4-BSA
-(16)-galactotetraose coupled to BSA
- Ig
immunoglobulin
- 4-Me-GlcpA
4-O-methyl-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid
- Mr
relative molecular mass
The authors wish to thank Dr. J. Ohnishi of Department of Biochemistry, Saitama University, for his help in preparing protoplasts. 相似文献
20.
The chromosomes of ten species of Cyrtonus and the genome sizes of six are surveyed. Among the total of 15 chromosomally studied species, 11 have 2n=28 chromosomes and a 13+Xyp male meioformula, three have 2n=40 and 19+Xyp and one 2n=46 and 22+Xyp. All but one species with 28 chromosomes show only metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes, whereas the species with 40 and 46 chromosomes display some telocentrics or subtelocentrics, that are probably derived from the former by centric fissions. However, since the number of major chromosome arms is strikingly higher in these latter species (NF=70 and 78) than in the 28-chromosome species (mostly NF=56), other chromosomal rearrangements such as pericentric inversions or heterochromatin accretions could also be involved. The genome sizes display a narrow range, from 1C=0.6–1.22pg, and they are not significantly correlated with the chromosome numbers. Some possible factors implied in the rough chromosomal evolution of Cyrtonus are discussed in relation to a few other genera of the subfamily Chrysomelinae. 相似文献