我国晚白垩世恐龙与现代爬行类及鸟类骨组织的比较研究

报道了我国山西北部晚白垩世蜥臀目巨龙科的一种大型恐龙和鸟臀目甲龙科的一种小型恐龙的骨组织结构特征,以及这两种恐龙的骨组织与现代鸟类和现代爬行类的典型骨组织比较研究的结果。通过对两种恐龙的腿骨、肢骨近端部、肋骨、椎骨微观结构的观察,获得了对这些恐龙骨组织基本结构特征的认识。通过对这两种恐龙的腿骨组织与现代爬行类湾鳄（Crocodylusporosus）和非洲鸵鸟（Struthiocamelus）的腿骨组织进行的直观比较和应用计算机图象分析技术及统计方法进行的比较研究,获得如下的结果：（1）两种恐龙的骨组织和现代爬行类的典型骨组织之间有显著差异;（2）两种恐龙的长骨组织具有快速后生生长特点,因而比较接近现代鸟类骨组织的生长模式;（3）两种恐龙、非洲鸵鸟和湾鳄的腿骨组织的血管分布密度有统计学的显著差异,恐龙的骨组织血管密度介于非洲鸵鸟和湾鳄之间。     

COMPARISON OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF A SOLUBLE AND A MEMBRANE-BOUND ENZYME IN TRANSECTED PERIPHERAL NERVES

Phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), a soluble enzyme, and AChE, a membrane-bound enzyme were studied in transected peroneal nerves of dog and in isolated segments of these nerves. Although activities of both enzymes increased at the ends of transected nerves, marked differences in their behaviour were observed. The increment in AChE activity was much sharper than that of PGI and continued to grow with time whereas the increase in PGI developed fully within the initial hours after transection and did not change thereafter. In an isolated nerve segment AChE accumulated at both ends with a concomitant decrease in the middle part, whereas changes in PGI activity appeared only in the terminal parts, the rest of the nerve remaining at the normal level. The terminal increase of PGI did not, contrary to that of AChE, depend on the length of the isolated segment. The changes in PGI activity may be features of a local peritraumatic reaction whereas those of AChE indicate involvement of the whole segment along which the enzyme containing organelles are transported.     

人胎儿腓肠神经结旁环中的膜下池和环间桥粒串

电镜下对２２例水囊引产或手术取出之４一足胎儿排肠神经进行了观察研究,特别注意了朗飞结的结构,观察到：１．一般特征：髓鞘较成体的薄;轴索的裸区较成体的长;结旁环间轴索侧有紧密连接,将环间间隙和轴索周间隙分开;结旁环的顶部与轴索压迹之间有致密突起将二者相连,在其两侧的细胞膜下均有致密层物质。２．结旁环中有膜下池：每个环中有一个,位近顶部膜下,断面呈圆或椭圆形,排成一排。在切线切面可见这些膜下池实际是呈     

足籽骨的放射片研究

本文对山东枣庄市916人足放射片进行了足籽骨的观察与测量。发现每足有1-7个籽骨,其中二个者占77.8％,三个者占16.9％;籽骨位于跖骨头下方者占94.5％,位于趾间关节下方者占5.5％;各跖骨头籽骨出现率:Ⅰ占99.9％、Ⅱ占 2.2％、Ⅲ占0.3％、Ⅳ占0.5％、Ⅴ占6.4％;(足母)趾趾间关节籽骨占12.6％;二分及三分籽骨出现率占3.9％,明显低于欧美人。此外,本文认为籽骨是在先天籽骨原基基础上,加以后天运动的影响而形成。     

THE INTRINSIC RHYTHM OF THE TURTLE'S HEART STUDIED WITH A NEW TYPE OF CHRONOGRAPH,TOGETHER WITH THE EFFECTS OF SOME DRUGS AND HORMONES

A chronograph is described for recording continuously the rates of many different kinds of rhythmic processes over long time periods. The rate is read directly from the length of a line of ink, drawn by a moving pen. Rates of beat of excised turtle''s hearts in Ringer''s solution have been recorded at 25°C. under constant conditions of temperature, pH, and oxygen supply for periods of 36 hours. Regular periodic variations in the fundamental rhythm are figured, as well as rates of extraordinary constancy. The effects of adrenalin, ephedrin, thyroxin, α and β pituitary hormone insulin, nicotin, and atropin are described in the text.     

CRANIAL CREST DEVELOPMENT IN THE AZHDARCHOID PTEROSAUR TUPUXUARA, WITH A REVIEW OF THE GENUS AND TAPEJARID MONOPHYLY

Abstract: A portion of pterosaur skull from the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (?Albian–?Turonian, Cretaceous) of north‐east Brazil provides new data on the morphology and ontogeny of azhdarchoid pterosaur cranial crests. The specimen consists of parts of the cranial bones posterodorsal to the nasoantorbital fenestra, including partial nasals, lacrimals, frontals and possibly the parietals. A posterodorsally directed premaxillary crest with a concave posterior border is located dorsal to the posterior border of the nasoantorbital fenestra. A well‐defined suture indicates overlapping, posterodorsally directed growth of the premaxilla over the skull roof, suggesting that the generation of the premaxillary crest is a late ontogenetic feature and thus probably related to sexual display. The systematics of Tupuxuara and its relationship to other azhdarchoids is reviewed and a cladistic analysis of the group is presented. Tupuxuara is found to be the sister‐taxon to Azhdarchidae. Tupuxuara longicristatus Kellner and Campos, 1988 is argued to be the only valid named species in this genus and Thalassodromeus Kellner and Campos, 2002 is considered a junior subjective synonym of this taxon. As originally conceived, Tapejaridae is paraphyletic: a new, more restrictive version of Tapejaridae (including Tapejara and Sinopterus dongi) might exist, but its monophyly is weakly supported. Furthermore, Tapejara was found to be paraphyletic in all trees.     

人外周血淋巴细胞酶超微结构定位与活性研究

应用电镜酶细胞化学方法研究了人外周血淋巴细胞ＡＴＰ酶、Ｇ６Ｐ酶、５′ＮＤ酶的超微结构定位与活性。结果：１ＡＴＰ酶主要定位在淋巴细胞膜下方,在内质网及线粒体等膜相结构也见到此酶的分布。Ｇ６Ｐ酶主要定位在内质网、线粒体等膜相结构。５′ＮＤ酶主要定位在细胞膜外表面。三种酶定位准确,颗粒清晰。２此结果与我们对人体淋巴结淋巴细胞酶超微结构定位结果相同。结果提示应用电镜酶细胞化学方法可以检测人外周血淋巴细胞酶活性变化,对于判定免疫细胞功能状态,具有一定意义。     

THE GEOMETRY OF PERIPHERAL MYELIN SHEATHS DURING THEIR FORMATION AND GROWTH IN RAT SCIATIC NERVES

In rat sciatic nerves, a small bundle of fibers was identified in which myelin sheaths were absent at birth, appeared within 3 days, and grew rapidly for 2 wk. During this interval, nerves were removed from littermates and were sectioned serially in the transverse plane. Alternating sets of thin and thick sections were used to prepare electron micrograph montages in which single myelinating axons could be identified and traced distally. During the formation of the first spiral turn, the mesaxon's length and configuration varied when it was studied at different levels in the same Schwann cell. The position of the mesaxon's termination shifted while its origin, at the Schwann cell surface, remained relatively constant. Along myelin internodes composed of two to six spiral turns, there were many variations in the number of lamellae and their contour. Near the mesaxon's origin, longitudinal strips of cytoplasm separated the myelin layers. Thicker sheaths were larger in circumference, more circular in transverse sections, and more uniform at different levels. Irregularities were confined to the paranodal region, and separation of lamellae by cytoplasm occurred at Schmidt-Lantermann clefts. Approximate dimensions of the bundle, its largest fibers, and their myelin sheaths were measured and calculated. The myelin membrane's transverse length and area increased exponentially with time; the growth rate increased rapidly during the formation of the first four to six spiral layers and remained relatively constant during the subsequent enlargement of the compact sheath.     

ASPARAGINASE IN PERIPHERAL NERVES OF THE GUINEA PIG IN WALLERIAN DEGENERATION AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC NEURITIS

Abstract— Asparaginase ( 1 -asparagine amidohydrolase EC 3 , 5.1.1.) activity in peripheral nerves in Wallerian degeneration and in experimental allergic neuritis was studied in the guinea pig. After mechanical damage to the sciatic nerve, asparaginase enzymic activity increased markedly in the regenerating (central) stump at the end of the first week, followed by a decrease in activity almost to control values in the course of 4 weeks, whereas in the degenerating (peripheral) stump, after an increase in activity at the end of the first week the enzyme activity continued to increase reaching 250 per cent of the control values at the end of the fourth week. An increase in asparaginase activity was also observed in experimental allergic neuritis.