铜、汞、镉、六六六和对硫磷对食蚊鱼生长的影响

对2日龄的食蚊鱼仔鱼的急性毒性,96小时LC50是:铜,0.28毫克/升;汞,0.58亳克/升;镉,10.2毫克/升;六六六(丙体),0.53毫克/升;对硫磷,0.3毫克/升。依据20天的生长数据求得的铜、镉和对硫磷的最大允许毒物浓度分别是0.015—0.030、0.005—0.010和0.0015—0.0030毫克/升,相应的应用系数分别为0.05—0.1、0.0005—0.0009和0.005—0.01。       

铜、汞、镉、六六六和对硫磷对食蚊鱼生长的影响

对2日龄的食蚊鱼仔鱼的急性毒性,96小时LC是：铜,0．28毫克／升;汞,0.58毫克／升;镉,10．2毫克／升;六六六(丙体),0．53毫克／升;对硫磷,0．3毫克／升。依据20天的生长数据求得的铜、镉和对硫磷的最大允许毒物浓度分别是0．015-0．030,0.005-0.010和0．0015-0．0030毫克／升,相应的应用系数分别为0．01。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌对扶桑绵粉蚧的致病性研究

测定了蜡蚧轮枝菌Verticillium lecanii MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的致病性。结果表明蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫的致病率为83.72%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为1.49×105个/m L,致死中时间LT50是5.21 d;对2龄若虫的致病率为74.42%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为3.66×10~3个/m L,致死中时间LT50是5.55 d;对3龄若虫的致病率为76.74%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为9.82×104个/m L,致死中时间LT_(50)是5.44d;其对雌成虫的致病率为85.37%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为2.80×10~4个/m L,致死中时间LT_(50)是4.87 d。说明蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧有较强的致病性。     

虫酰肼和甲维盐对甜玉米草地贪夜蛾的生物活性及田间防效

为了研究虫酰肼和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)对新入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾毒杀活性并为田间应用提供依据,采用浸叶法进行了室内毒力测定,采用喷雾法进行盆栽试验和田间小区试验。毒力测定表明虫酰肼对草地贪夜蛾2龄、3龄幼虫48 h LC_(50)分别为0.30 mg/L和0.26 mg/L,甲维盐对草地贪夜蛾2龄、3龄幼虫48 h LC_(50)分别为0.005 mg/L和0.002 mg/L,其LC_(50)活性是虫酰肼的60～128倍。盆栽试验表明,20%虫酰肼SC在20 mg/L、5%甲维盐ME 1mg/L喷雾处理后7 d后防效均为100%,在甜玉米田间小区试验最高防效均可达到90%以上。本研究结果表明,虫酰肼可推荐用于草地贪夜蛾的防治并可与甲维盐轮换使用或复配使用。     

利用丝状绿藻处理含汞污水的试验

用刚毛藻科的丝状绿藻为材料,进行了藻类处理含汞(HgCl2)污水的试验。Hg++浓度为0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0和10.0毫克/升,鲜藻与污水的重量之比为1∶100,4小时内,汞的去除率为70%。进行了藻类连续去汞能力的测定,10克鲜藻依次放入4个含汞污水的水样中(水量均为1升,Hg++浓度平均为3.61毫克/升),在每个水样停留时间为6小时,结果汞的去除率分别为76.8,78.4,61.8,53.1%,平均为67.5%,藻类含汞浓度以鲜重计算达到970ppm。利用藻类四级串联处理含汞量为4.0毫克/升的污水,停留时间共计24小时,总去除率达94%。从试验结果看来,藻类对汞的去除,主要是借助于表面吸附与细胞积累作用,与藻类的光合作用无关。但是0.1—10毫克/升的汞,都明显地抑制藻类的光合放氧,这种抑制作用在藻类接触汞4小时以后表现出来。       

豌豆组织培养中的器官发生及影响分化频率的几个因素

在豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)的组织培养中,研究了影响器官分化频率的几个因素。试验结果表明,基本培养基中B_5较好,补加NAA0.1毫克/升和BA0.5-2毫克/升的B_5培养基明显促进芽的分化,但抑制根的形成;培养基蔗糖浓度从2%提高到5%对芽的诱导有显著促进作用;氮素含量的最适浓度为840毫克/升,特别是NO_3~-与NH_4~ 的浓度比为8∶1时,芽的诱导频率可达100%,不同的外植体器官分化能力不同,苗端最好,上胚轴次之,子叶仅产生少数芽,而下胚轴没有分化。     

蛹虫草对小鼠的毒理学实验研究

为对蛹虫草进行急性毒理学和亚急性毒理学的实验研究,急性毒理实验中,本研究以45 mg/100 g的浓度经口灌胃,每天3次;亚急性毒理实验中,分别以低浓度剂量(1 mg/100 g、5 mg/100 g)、中等浓度剂量(25 mg/100 g)和高浓度剂量(125 mg/100 g)经口灌胃小鼠,每天1次。结果表明,急性毒理实验中,小鼠出现了明显的毒性副作用;亚急性毒理实验进一步发现,低、中剂量的蛹虫草每天1次经口灌胃对小鼠不产生明显的毒性副作用,但高剂量的蛹虫草对小鼠有较明显的毒性副作用。结果表明,小鼠蛹虫草经口灌胃浓度在1~25 mg/100 g/d剂量下对机体生理功能不具有明显的毒副作用。     

Cry3a杀虫蛋白基因的合成优化及在JK-SH007中高效表达

人工合成优化Cry3a杀虫蛋白基因,并从大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中克隆T7表达系统,通过同源重组克隆进PHKT2表达载体,将此表达载体导入吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007,通过诱导表达,成功指导合成T7 RNA聚合酶且高效表达分子量为70k Da的Cry3a蛋白。通过粗提液对二龄榆蓝叶甲进行生物毒杀试验,结果表明粗提液具有高毒性,致死中浓度(LC_(50)=0.63(0.48-0.82)g/L)。成功构建的T7表达系统,可高效表达毒性的Cry3Aa蛋白,为进一步开发杀虫生防菌剂,建立外源基因表达技术平台奠定了基础。     

乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力及对其解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

【目的】为了研究乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的毒力及作用机制。【方法】以氯虫苯甲酰胺为对照,采用表面涂抹法测定了乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾2, 3和4龄幼虫的LC_(50)和LC_(90)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),测定不同浓度乙基多杀菌素(0.127, 0.183, 0.250, 0.400和0.572 mg/L)处理48 h后草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫体内多功能氧化酶(MFO)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)以及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)的活性。【结果】与氯虫苯甲酰胺相比,乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有更高的毒力,处理48 h后对2, 3和4龄幼虫的LC_(50)值分别为0.21, 0.34和0.59 mg/L, LC_(90)值分别为0.59, 0.75和2.01 mg/L。经过乙基多杀菌素处理后,草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫体内MFO和AchE活性均表现随着浓度的增加而显著增加,二者均在0.572 mg/L处理时活性最高,分别为52.23和23.98 U/mg pro; CarE活性在低浓度乙基多杀菌素处理(0.127和0.183 mg/L)下相对于溶剂对照(0.1%Tween-80)无显著变化,随着浓度增加至0.400与0.572 mg/L时,其活性显著增加; GST活性表现为随着乙基多杀菌素浓度增加而增加的特点,当处理浓度为0.400与0.572 mg/L时,其活性无显著性差异。【结论】乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的杀虫效果优于氯虫苯甲酰胺,尤其对4龄幼虫效果最为明显;在不同浓度的乙基多杀菌素处理条件下,草地贪夜蛾幼虫体内的CarE, MFO和AchE活性有所增高。     

苯酚对不同营养层次水生生物的急性毒性

利用静水致毒试验,获处苯酚对四种水生物的毒效应。由回归分析法计算出苯酚对月芽藻48hEbC_(50)为63.22mg/L;对F_2代短钝蚤72h的LC_(50)为2.09±0.24mg/L,对鲤鱼的LC_(50)48b、72h分别为18.52±0.10mg/L和18.87±0.12mg/L;对孔雀鱼的LC_(50)48h、72h分别为64.52±0.04mg/L和64.30±0.04mg/L。即苯酚对蚤的毒性最强、鲤鱼次之,再次为藻类,孔雀鱼最弱。苯酚对蚤的LC_(50)值随时间延长而下降,而对藻类E_0C_(50)则相反随时间延长而增大,但对鱼类的LC_(50)则随时间延长没有明显的变化。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.