高频超声引导下导丝定位在不可触及乳腺包块切除术中的应用

目的:探讨高频超声引导下导丝定位在不可触及乳腺包块切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析90例临床不可触及但超声提示为乳腺包块的患者的临床资料,其中50例在高频超声引导乳腺病灶体表定位下行乳腺病灶切除术,40例在高频超声引导导丝定位下行乳腺病灶切除术。比较两组术前定位时间、手术时间、切除组织量/肿物组织量及术后并发症的发生情况、术后病理诊断及术后超声随访情况。结果:与体表定位组比较,导丝定位组定位时间显著延长(P0.05),手术时间明显缩短(P0.05),切除组织量/肿物组织量显著减小(P0.05)。体表定位组出现2例切口感染,5例血肿,两组不良反应的发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。体表定位组良性48例(96.0%),恶性病灶2例(4.0%)。导丝定位组良性病灶36例(90.0%),恶性病灶4例(10.0%)。两组病理诊断为良/恶病灶的比例无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后超声随访6~12个月,病灶切除情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高频超声引导下导丝定位精确,可明显缩短手术时间,减少对正常乳腺组织的破坏,可作为行不可触及乳腺包块切除术的优先选择。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块

目的:研究超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术对乳腺良性肿块的治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年9月至2016年9月在本院就诊的BI-RADS分级为2~3级的387例乳腺良性肿块患者,运用Mammotome对729处乳腺病灶行微创旋切术,分析术后病理、并发症、随访半年后的治疗结果。结果:387例患者的729处乳腺病灶均获一次性成功切除。病理示均为良性病灶,其中32个合并不典型增生。术后出现局部血肿共11例(2.8%),皮下瘀斑共16例(4.1%),所有患者均未发生感染及气胸等严重并发症。术后6个月18个在病灶原部位发现肿块;手术无残留率为97.5%。结论:应用超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块临床可行。     

乳腺内不可触及病灶的定位活检应用价值

目的:探讨乳腺内不可触及病灶(NPBL)的定位活检技术及其在乳腺癌早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:对彩超发现的4459个和钼靶发现的25个NPBL分别行麦默通旋切和钩丝定位活检,确定病灶的病理类型。结果:4459个NPBL中3196个病灶为乳腺腺病或伴纤维腺瘤样结节(71.7%),1198个为纤维腺瘤(26.9%),11个为分叶状肿瘤(0.2%),17个为导管内乳头状瘤(0.4%),9个为乳腺导管原位癌,5个为导管原位癌伴微浸润,23个为浸润性癌(恶性占0.8%)。25个钼靶发现的NPBL中乳腺腺病13例(52%),导管原位癌7例,导管原位癌伴微浸润2例,浸润性癌3例(恶性占48%)。结论:超声引导下麦默通和钼靶引导下钩丝定位切除可以对NPBL做出定性诊断,具备创伤小、手术时间短和定位精准等特点,对提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率、降低死亡率具有一定的临床应用价值。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统切除乳房肿物应用体会

目的总结超声引导下麦默通(Mammotome)微创旋切系统切除乳房肿物的临床疗效和经验。方法对我院191例患者434个乳腺病灶在B超引导下进行麦默通微创旋切,所有病灶术前均行B超诊断、定位。结果 434个病灶均完全切除,30例出现轻度并发症,仅1例复发。结论超声引导下行麦默通旋切技术是一种微创、美观、安全、准确的乳腺诊疗方法,其具有定位准确,切除彻底,不留瘢痕的优点。     

前列腺钙化灶的超声显像诊断与分型的临床研究

目的:探究超声显像诊断前列腺钙化灶(PFC)的临床实用价值和超声分型。方法:对1284例经腹部超声显像诊断为PFC的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并根据超声所见进行分型。结果:超声显像诊断PFC 1,284例,单发768例(59.81%),多发516例(40.19%);钙化灶直径2~36mm;Ⅰ度542例(42.21%),Ⅱ度460例(35.83%),Ⅲ度282例(21.96%);孤立型412例(32.09%),散在型319例(24.84%),聚集型395例(30.76%),条索型158例(12.31%)。内腺435例(33.88%)、外腺348例((27.10%)、内外腺交界处351例(27.34%)、后尿道周围150例(11.68%)。单纯性钙化520例(40.50%),合并前列腺增生597例(46.50%)、前列腺炎129例(10.05%)、前列腺囊肿36例(2.80%)、前列腺癌2例(0.16%)。结论:PFC是男性泌尿生殖系统常见疾病,其程度和类型与年龄密切相关,近半数与前列腺增生并存,可能与组织退变、增生、炎症、钙磷代谢紊乱等因素有关。超声显像是诊断PFC最可靠、最简便的方法,具有重要的临床实用价值。     

高频超声在乳腺微小结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的:探究高频超声在乳腺微小结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值及其超声表现。方法:选取我院乳腺外科收治的确诊为乳腺微小结节的患者184例,术前采用高频超声技术对患者进行结节探测,将探测结果与病理切片比较,同时对良恶性微小结节之间的形态、血流、微钙化以及边缘轮廓等情况进行图像分析,总结两者之间存在的差异。结果:1经过高频超声,检测出184例乳腺微小结节患者,有238处微小结节,其中良性结节194处、恶性结节44处;病理切片显示,微小结节244处,其中良性结节197处、恶性结节47处。与病理切片比较,高频超声的结节检出率高达97.5%,良恶性结节的检出准确率分别为98.5%、93.6%;2结节形态规则度对比,良性结节较恶性结节更规则(P0.05);钙化情况比较,并非所有结节都出现钙化,两者钙化情况暂无可比性;结节边缘轮廓清晰度比较,良性结节多表现为边缘清晰,而恶性肿瘤多表现为边缘模糊;结节边缘良性结节较恶性结节更清晰;3血流检出率比较,恶性结节组显著高于良性结节组(P0.05)。结论:高频超声技术对乳腺微小结节的检出率较高,错误率较低,是鉴别乳腺微小结节良恶性的重要手段,具有较高的应用价值,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重大意义。     

肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断

目的:分析探讨超声造影在肝脏局灶性结节中的应用价值,为以后的临床诊断提供可靠性参考。方法:回顾性分析2011.10-2013.9期间来我院门诊以及住院的40例经病理证实为肝脏局灶性结节患者的超声造影表现,通过二维灰阶超声检查,40名患者共发现50个结节。患者先后进行肝脏超声造影检查及超声引导下经皮肝穿刺活检术。总结病例之间的相关关系以及造影表现的特殊性与一般性。结果:超声造影对肝脏良恶性病灶的诊断能力很好,对结节的敏感性85.8%,特异性99%、阳性预测值95%,阴性预测值96%,准确率95%。结论:肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断有助于临床上判定局灶性结节良恶性,可以为临床提供更好的诊断依据,但是,由于许多假阳性的原因,故对于某些缺乏特异性的超声造影表现,需要其他方法或是穿刺活检进行辅助检查。     

彩色高频超声多普勒在男性乳腺增生症中的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色高频超声多普勒在男性乳腺增生症中的应用价值.方法:收集我院2010年8月至2012年9月门诊及住院疑似男性乳腺增生症患者63例,应用彩色高频超声对63例(77只)男性乳腺增生症患者检查,分析其声像图特点并采用自身前后对照的方法与临床走访或病理诊断相比较.结果:超声诊断男性乳腺增生60例(74只),疑为男性乳腺癌2例,疑为增生伴炎性改变1例.临床或病理证实男性乳腺增生63例(77只).彩色高频超声多普勒在诊断男性乳腺增生上与临床金标准相比,符合率为96.1％.结论:彩色高频超声诊断男性乳腺增生症是一种准确、无创、简便的方法,有较高的应用价值.     

甲状腺良、恶性结节的临床、超声及细胞学特征分析

目的:研究良、恶性甲状腺结节的相关临床因素、超声特征与甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查结果之间的关系。方法:收集2010年1月至2013年12月在上海市第一人民医院因甲状腺结节就诊,并进行超声引导下FNAB检查患者的临床资料,以FNAB细胞学诊断结果为诊断标准,分析和比较不同性质甲状腺结节患者的年龄、性别、甲状腺疾病家族史、临床症状、血清甲状腺激素、甲状腺自身抗体(TPOAb和TRAb)水平,超声检查所发现的结节数量、性状、前后径与横径比(AP/TR)、回声类型、钙化类型、边界状态、血流情况等因素,采用Logistic多因素回归,探讨这些临床和超声特征与甲状腺良、恶性结节之间的关系。结果:根据FNAB结果,1592例患者中,良性结节者1492例,恶性结节者77例,结果不确定者23例。以良性组作为对照,年龄40岁、TPOAb(+)是恶性甲状腺结节的独立危险因素(P0.05);出现钙化点、细小钙化斑、边界不规整的超声表现的恶性甲状腺的风险显著升高(P0.05)。结论:超声检查甲状腺结节出现钙化点、细小钙化斑或边界不规整等与FNAB诊断的甲状腺恶性结节之间存在明显的关联。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺良恶性肿块临床价值分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断乳腺肿瘤的价值。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年1月在我院接受彩色多普勒诊断的100例乳腺肿瘤患者,对患者进行回顾性分析,依据患者病理类型将患者分为两组,分别对两组患者实施二维声像图检查。结果:100例乳腺肿瘤患者诊断准确率为77.0%(77/100)。54例乳腺癌患者病灶内部以及病灶周边进行血流信号检出率为100%,纤维腺瘤组46例患者血流信号检出率为87.0%,两组患者血流信号检出率(P>0.05)无统计学意义。结论:彩色多普勒超声作为一种无创性检查方法对于乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有广阔的应用前景。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.