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1.
Perugini LD Murphy JP Marshall D Brown-Guedira G 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(3):417-425
Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease in wheat, especially in areas with a cool or maritime climate. A dominant powdery
mildew resistance gene transferred to the hexaploid germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 from T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was mapped distally on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Differential reactions were observed between the resistance gene in
NC99BGTAG11 and the alleles of the Pm1 locus that is also located on chromosome arm 7AL. Observed segregation in F2:3 lines from the cross NC99BGTAG11 × Axminster (Pm1a) demonstrate that germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 carries a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which is now designated as Pm37. This new gene is highly effective against all powdery mildew isolates tested so far. Analyses of the population with molecular
markers indicate that Pm37 is located 16 cM proximal to the Pm1 complex. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwm332 and Xwmc790 were located 0.5 cM proximal and distal, respectively, to Pm37. In order to identify new markers in the region, wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located in the distal 10% of 7AL that
were orthologous to sequences from chromosome 6 of rice were targeted. The two new EST-derived STS markers were located distal
to Pm37 and one marker was closely linked to the Pm1a region. These new markers can be used in marker-assisted selection schemes to develop wheat cultivars with pyramids of powdery
mildew resistance genes, including combinations of Pm37 in coupling linkage with alleles of the Pm1 locus. 相似文献
2.
Simrat Pal Singh Severine Hurni Michela Ruinelli Susanne Brunner Javier Sanchez-Martin Patricia Krukowski David Peditto Gabriele Buchmann Helen Zbinden Beat Keller 《Plant molecular biology》2018,98(3):249-260
Key message
We have isolated a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat that was originally introgressed from rye. Further analysis revealed evolutionary divergent history of wheat and rye orthologous resistance genes.Abstract
Wheat production is under constant threat from a number of fungal pathogens, among them is wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). Deployment of resistance genes is the most economical and sustainable method for mildew control. However, domestication and selective breeding have narrowed genetic diversity of modern wheat germplasm, and breeders have relied on wheat relatives for enriching its gene pool through introgression. Translocations where the 1RS chromosome arm was introgressed from rye to wheat have improved yield and resistance against various pathogens. Here, we isolated the Pm17 mildew resistance gene located on the 1RS introgression in wheat cultivar ‘Amigo’ and found that it is an allele or a close paralog of the Pm8 gene isolated earlier from ‘Petkus’ rye. Functional validation using transient and stable transformation confirmed the identity of Pm17. Analysis of Pm17 and Pm8 coding regions revealed an overall identity of 82.9% at the protein level, with the LRR domains being most divergent. Our analysis also showed that the two rye genes are much more diverse compared to the variants encoded by the Pm3 gene in wheat, which is orthologous to Pm17/Pm8 as concluded from highly conserved upstream sequences in all these genes. Thus, the evolutionary history of these orthologous loci differs in the cereal species rye and wheat and demonstrates that orthologous resistance genes can take different routes towards functionally active genes. These findings suggest that the isolation of Pm3/Pm8/Pm17 orthologs from other grass species, additional alleles from the rye germplasm as well as possibly synthetic variants will result in novel resistance genes useful in wheat breeding.3.
Singrün Ch Hsam SL Hartl L Zeller FJ Mohler V 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(8):1420-1424
The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm22, identified in the Italian wheat cultivar Virest and originally assigned to wheat chromosome 1D, was mapped to chromosome 7A with the aid of molecular markers. Mapping of common AFLP and SSR markers in two wheat crosses segregating for Pm22 and Pm1c, respectively, indicated that Pm22 is a member of the complex Pm1 locus. Pm22 also showed a pattern of resistance reaction to a differential set of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates that was distinguishable from those from other Pm1 alleles in lines Axminster/8*Cc ( Pm1a), MocZlatka ( Pm1b), Weihenstephan Stamm M1N ( Pm1c) and Triticum spelta var. duhamelianum TRI 2258 ( Pm1d). Based on these results, the gene symbol Pm1e is proposed for the powdery mildew resistance gene in cv. Virest. 相似文献
4.
Runli He Zhijian Chang Zujun Yang Zongying Yuan Haixian Zhan Xiaojun Zhang Jianxia Liu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(6):1173-1180
Powdery mildew resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium was introgressed into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genetic analysis of the F1, F2, F3 and BC1 populations from powdery mildew resistant line CH5025 revealed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant allele.
The gene responsible for powdery mildew resistance was mapped by the linkage analysis of a segregating F2 population. The resistance gene was linked to five co-dominant genomic SSR markers (Xcfd233, Xwmc41, Xbarc11, Xgwm539 and Xwmc175) and their most likely order was Xcfd233–Xwmc41–Pm43–Xbarc11–Xgwm539–Xwmc175 at 2.6, 2.3, 4.2, 3.5 and 7.0 cM, respectively. Using the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the
polymorphic markers and the resistance gene were assigned to chromosome 2DL. As no powdery mildew resistance gene was previously
assigned to chromosome 2DL, this new resistance gene was designated Pm43. Pm43, together with the identified closely linked markers, could be useful in marker-assisted selection for pyramiding powdery
mildew resistance genes.
Runli He and Zhijian Chang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
5.
Huang XQ Wang LX Xu MX Röder MS 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(5):858-865
Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis DM f. sp. tritici (Em. Marchal), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat world-wide. Chinese wheat variety 'Fuzhuang 30' carries the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm5e and has proven to be a valuable resistance source of powdery mildew for wheat breeding. Microsatellite markers were employed to identify the gene Pm5e in a F(2) progeny from the cross 'Nongda 15' (susceptible) x 'Fuzhuang 30' (resistant). The gene Pm5e was mapped in the distal region of chromosome 7BL. Seven microsatellite markers were found to be linked to the gene Pm5e, of which two codominant markers Xgwm783 and Xgwm1267 were relatively close to Pm5e with a linkage distance of 11.0 cM and 6.6 cM, respectively. It is possible to use the 136-bp allele of Xgwm1267 in 'Fuzhuang 30' for marker-assisted selection during the wheat resistance breeding process for facilitation of gene pyramiding. The mapping information in the present study provides a starting point for fine mapping of the Pm5 locus and map-based cloning to clarify the molecular structure and function of the different alleles at the Pm5 locus. A microsatellite linkage map of chromosome 7B was constructed with 20 microsatellite loci, nine on the short arm and 11 on the long arm. This information will be very useful for further mapping of agronomically important genes of interest on chromosome 7B. 相似文献
6.
Judd J. Maxwell Jeanette H. Lyerly Christina Cowger David Marshall Gina Brown-Guedira J. Paul Murphy 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(8):1489-1495
Wheat powdery mildew is an economically important disease in cool and humid environments. Powdery mildew causes yield losses
as high as 48% through a reduction in tiller survival, kernels per head, and kernel size. Race-specific host resistance is
the most consistent, environmentally friendly and, economical method of control. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm line NC06BGTAG12 possesses genetic resistance to powdery mildew introgressed from the AAGG tetraploid genome
Triticum timopheevii subsp. armeniacum. Phenotypic evaluation of F3 families derived from the cross NC06BGTAG12/‘Jagger’ and phenotypic evaluation of an F2 population from the cross NC06BGTAG12/‘Saluda’ indicated that resistance to the ‘Yuma’ isolate of powdery mildew was controlled
by a single dominant gene in NC06BGTAG12. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) revealed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific
for chromosome 7AL segregating with the resistance gene. The SSR markers Xwmc273 and Xwmc346 mapped 8.3 cM distal and 6.6 cM proximal, respectively, in NC06BGTAG12/Jagger. The multiallelic Pm1 locus maps to this region of chromosome 7AL. No susceptible phenotypes were observed in an evaluation of 967 F2 individuals in the cross NC06BGTAG12/‘Axminster’ (Pm1a) which indicated that the NC06BGTAG12 resistance gene was allelic or in close linkage with the Pm1 locus. A detached leaf test with ten differential powdery mildew isolates indicated the resistance in NC06BGTAG12 was different
from all designated alleles at the Pm1 locus. Further linkage and allelism tests with five other temporarily designated genes in this very complex region will be
required before giving a permanent designation to this gene. At this time the gene is given the temporary gene designation
MlAG12. 相似文献
7.
Genqiao Li Tilin Fang Hongtao Zhang Chaojie Xie Hongjie Li Tsomin Yang Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima Qixin Sun Zhiyong Liu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(3):531-539
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in China and other parts of the world. Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement.
Wild emmer accession IW2 collected from Mount Hermon, Israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult
plant stages. Genetic analysis using an F2 segregating population and F2:3 families, derived from a cross between susceptible durum cultivar Langdon and wild emmer accession IW2, indicated that a
single dominant gene was responsible for the resistance of IW2. Bulked segregant and molecular marker analyses detected that
six polymorphic SSR, one ISBP, and three EST-STS markers on chromosome 3BL bin 0.63–1.00 were linked to the resistance gene.
Allelic variations of resistance-linked EST-STS marker BE489472 revealed that the allele was present only in wild emmer but absent in common wheat. Segregation distortion was observed for
the powdery mildew resistance allele and its linked SSR markers with preferential transmission of Langdon alleles over IW2
alleles. The resistance gene was introgressed into common wheat by backcrossing and marker-assisted selection. Since no designated
powdery mildew resistance gene has been found on chromosome 3BL, the resistance gene derived from wild emmer accession IW2
appears to be new one and was consequently designated Pm41.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
Andrew T. Wiersma Jane A. Pulman Linda K. Brown Christina Cowger Eric L. Olson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(6):1123-1133
Key message
A novel powdery mildew-resistance gene, designated Pm58, was introgressed directly from Aegilops tauschii to hexaploid wheat, mapped to chromosome 2DS, and confirmed to be effective under field conditions. Selectable KASP? markers were developed for MAS.Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici (Bgt) remains a significant threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The rapid breakdown of race-specific resistance to Bgt reinforces the need to identify novel sources of resistance. The d-genome species, Aegilops tauschii, is an excellent source of disease resistance that is transferrable to T. aestivum. The powdery mildew-resistant Ae. tauschii accession TA1662 (2n?=?2x?=?DD) was crossed directly with the susceptible hard white wheat line KS05HW14 (2n?=?6x?=?AABBDD) followed by backcrossing to develop a population of 96 BC2F4 introgression lines (ILs). Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to develop a genome-wide genetic map that was anchored to the Ae. tauschii reference genome. A detached-leaf Bgt assay was used to screen BC2F4:6 ILs, and resistance was found to segregate as a single locus (χ?=?2.0, P value?=?0.157). The resistance gene, referred to as Pm58, mapped to chromosome 2DS. Pm58 was evaluated under field conditions in replicated trials in 2015 and 2016. In both years, a single QTL spanning the Pm58 locus was identified that reduced powdery mildew severity and explained 21% of field variation (P value?<?0.01). KASP? assays were developed from closely linked GBS-SNP markers, a refined genetic map was developed, and four markers that cosegregate with Pm58 were identified. This novel source of powdery mildew-resistance and closely linked genetic markers will support efforts to develop wheat varieties with powdery mildew resistance.9.
Ruiqi Zhang Yali Fan Lingna Kong Zuojun Wang Jizhong Wu Liping Xing Aizhong Cao Yigao Feng 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(12):2613-2620
Key message
Pm62, a novel adult-plant resistance (APR) gene against powdery mildew, was transferred from D. villosum into common wheat in the form of Robertsonian translocation T2BS.2VL#5.Abstract
Powdery mildew, which is caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major disease of wheat resulting in substantial yield and quality losses in many wheat production regions of the world. Introgression of resistance from wild species into common wheat has application for controlling this disease. A Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum chromosome 2V#5 disomic addition line, N59B-1 (2n?=?30), improved resistance to powdery mildew at the adult-plant stage, which was attributable to chromosome 2V#5. To transfer this resistance into bread wheat, a total of 298 BC1F1 plants derived from the crossing between N59B-1 and Chinese Spring were screened by combined genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization, 2V-specific marker analysis, and reaction to powdery mildew to confirm that a dominant adult-plant resistance gene, designated as Pm62, was located on chromosome 2VL#5. Subsequently, the 2VL#5 (2D) disomic substitution line (NAU1825) and the homozygous T2BS.2VL#5 Robertsonian translocation line (NAU1823), with normal plant vigor and full fertility, were identified by molecular and cytogenetic analyses of the BC1F2 generation. The effects of the T2BS.2VL#5 recombinant chromosome on agronomic traits were also evaluated in the F2 segregation population. The results suggest that the translocated chromosome may have no distinct effect on plant height, 1000-kernel weight or flowering period, but a slight effect on spike length and seeds per spike. The translocation line NAU1823 has being utilized as a novel germplasm in breeding for powdery mildew resistance, and the effects of the T2BS.2VL#5 recombinant chromosome on yield-related and flour quality characters will be further assessed.10.
Qin B Cao A Wang H Chen T You FM Liu Y Ji J Liu D Chen P Wang XE 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(2):207-218
The genome sequences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon and the comprehensive Triticeae EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) resources provide invaluable information for comparative genomics
analysis. The powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm6, which was introgressed into common wheat from Triticum timopheevii, was previously mapped to the wheat chromosome bin of 2BL [fraction length (FL) 0.50–1.00] with limited DNA markers. In this
study, we saturated the Pm6 locus in wheat using the collinearity-based markers by extensively exploiting these genomic resources. All wheat ESTs located
in the bin 2BL FL 0.50–1.00 and their corresponding orthologous genes on rice chromosome 4 were firstly used to develop STS
(Sequence Tagged Site) markers. Those identified markers that flanked the Pm6 locus were then used to identify the collinear regions in the genomes of rice and Brachypodium. Triticeae ESTs with orthologous genes in these collinear regions were further used to develop new conserved markers for
the fine mapping of Pm6. Using two F2 populations derived from crosses of IGVI-465 × Prins and IGVI-466 × Prins, we mapped a total of 29 markers to the Pm6 locus. Among them, 14 markers were co-segregated with Pm6 in the IGVI-466/Prins population. Comparative genome analysis showed that the collinear region of the 29 linked markers covers
a ~5.6-Mb region in chromosome 5L of Brachypodium and a ~6.0-Mb region in chromosome 4L of rice. The marker order is conserved between rice and Brachypodium, but re-arrangements are present in wheat. Comparative mapping in the two populations showed that two conserved markers (CINAU123
and CINAU127) flanked the Pm6 locus, and an LRR-receptor-like protein kinase cluster was identified in the collinear regions of Brachypodium and rice. This putative resistance gene cluster provides a potential target site for further fine mapping and cloning of
Pm6. Moreover, the newly developed conserved markers closely linked to Pm6 can be used for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of Pm6 in wheat breeding programs. 相似文献
11.
W. G. Xu C. X. Li L. Hu L. Zhang J. Z. Zhang H. B. Dong G. S. Wang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(1):31-38
The Chinese winter wheat cultivar Zhoumai 22 is highly resistant to powdery mildew. The objectives of this study were to map
a powdery mildew resistance gene in Zhoumai 22 using molecular markers and investigate its allelism with Pm13. A total of 278 F2 and 30 BC1 plants, and 143 F3 lines derived from the cross between resistant cultivar Zhoumai 22 and susceptible cultivar Chinese Spring were used for
resistance gene tagging. The 137 F2 plants from the cross Zhoumai 22/2761-5 (Pm13) were employed for the allelic test of the resistance genes. Two hundred and ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were
used to test the two parents, and resistant and susceptible bulks. Subsequently, seven polymorphic markers were used for genotyping
the F2 and F3 populations. The results indicated that the powdery mildew resistance in Zhoumai 22 was conferred by a single dominant gene,
designated PmHNK tentatively, flanked by seven SSR markers Xgwm299, Xgwm108, Xbarc77, Xbarc84, Xwmc326, Xwmc291 and Xwmc687 on chromosome 3BL. The resistance gene was closely linked to Xwmc291 and Xgwm108, with genetic distances of 3.8 and 10.3 cM, respectively, and located on the chromosome bin 3BL-7-0.63-1.0 in the test with
a set of deletion lines. Seedling tests with seven isolates of Blumeria
graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) and allellic test indicated that PmHNK is different from Pm13, and Pm41 seems also to be different from PmHNK due to its origin from T. dicoccoides and molecular evidence. These results indicate that PmHNK is likely to be a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat. 相似文献
12.
Teresa Koller Susanne Brunner Gerhard Herren Severine Hurni Beat Keller 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(4):861-871
Key message
The combined effects of enhanced total transgene expression level and allele-specificity combination in transgenic allele-pyramided Pm3 wheat lines result in improved powdery mildew field resistance without negative pleiotropic effects.Abstract
Allelic Pm3 resistance genes of wheat confer race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) and encode nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing alleles Pm3a, b, c, d, f, and g have previously been generated by transformation of cultivar Bobwhite and tested in field trials, revealing varying degrees of powdery mildew resistance conferred by the transgenes. Here, we tested four transgenic lines each carrying two pyramided Pm3 alleles, which were generated by crossbreeding of lines transformed with single Pm3 alleles. All four allele-pyramided lines showed strongly improved powdery mildew resistance in the field compared to their parental lines. The improved resistance results from the two effects of enhanced total transgene expression levels and allele-specificity combinations. In contrast to leaf segment tests on greenhouse-grown seedlings, no allelic suppression was observed in the field. Plant development and yield scores of the pyramided lines were similar to the mean scores of the corresponding parental lines, and thus, the allele pyramiding did not cause any negative effects. On the contrary, in pyramided line, Pm3b × Pm3f normal plant development was restored compared to the delayed development and reduced seed set of parental line Pm3f. Allele-specific RT qPCR revealed additive transgene expression levels of the two Pm3 alleles in the pyramided lines. A positive correlation between total transgene expression level and powdery mildew field resistance was observed. In summary, allele pyramiding of Pm3 transgenes proved to be successful in enhancing powdery mildew field resistance.13.
Na Li Haiyan Jia Zhongxin Kong Wenbin Tang Yunxiao Ding Junchao Liang Hongqi Ma Zhengqiang Ma 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2017,37(6):79
Powdery mildew, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) foliar disease caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici, imposes a constant challenge on wheat production in areas with cool or maritime climates. This study was conducted to identify and transfer the resistance gene in the newly identified common wheat accession ‘D29’. Genetic analysis of the F2 population derived from a cross of D29 with the susceptible elite cultivar Y158 suggested a single dominant gene is responsible for the powdery mildew resistance in this germplasm. This gene was mapped to chromosome 2AL in a region flanked by microsatellite markers Xgdm93 and Xhbg327, and co-segregated with sequence-tagged site (STS) markers Xsts_bcd1231 and TaAetPR5. An allelic test indicated that the D29 gene was allelic to the Pm4 locus. To further evaluate the resistance conferred by this gene and develop new germplasms for breeding, this gene, as well as Pm4a and Pm4b, was transferred to Y158 through backcross and marker-assisted selection. In the resistance spectrum analysis, the D29 gene displayed a resistance spectrum distinguishable from the other Pm4 alleles, including Pm4a, Pm4b, and Pm4c, and thus was designated as Pm4e. The identification of new allelic variation at the Pm4 locus is important for understanding the resistance gene evolution and for breeding wheat cultivars with powdery mildew resistance. 相似文献
14.
Miranda LM Murphy JP Marshall D Cowger C Leath S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(8):1451-1456
A single gene controlling powdery mildew resistance was identified in the North Carolina germplasm line NC96BGTD3 (NCD3) using
genetic analysis of F2 derived lines from a NCD3 X Saluda cross. Microsatellite markers linked to this Pm gene were identified and their most likely order was Xcfd7, 10.3 cM, Xgdm43, 8.6 cM, Xcfd26, 11.9 cM, Pm gene. These markers and the Pm gene were assigned to chromosome 5DL by means of Chinese Spring Nullitetrasomic (Nulli5D-tetra5A) and ditelosomic (Dt5DL)
lines. A detached leaf test showed a distinctive disease reaction to six pathogen isolates among the NCD3 Pm gene, Pm2 (5DS) and Pm34 (5DL). An allelism test showed independence between Pm34 and the NCD3 Pm gene. Together, the tests provided strong evidence for the presence of a novel Pm gene in NCD3, and this gene was designated Pm35. 相似文献
15.
Chhuneja P Kumar K Stirnweis D Hurni S Keller B Dhaliwal HS Singh K 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(6):1051-1058
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important foliar diseases of wheat that can cause serious yield losses. Breeding for cultivars with diverse
resources of resistance is the most promising approach for combating this disease. The diploid A genome progenitor species
of wheat are an important resource for new variability for disease resistance genes. An accession of Triticum boeoticum (AbAb) showed resistance against a number of Bgt isolates, when tested using detached leaf segments. Inheritance studies in a recombinant inbred line population (RIL), developed
from crosses of PM resistant T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 with a PM susceptible T. monococcum acc. pau14087, indicated the presence of two powdery mildew resistance genes in T. boeoticum acc. pau5088. Analysis of powdery mildew infection and molecular marker data of the RIL population revealed that both powdery
mildew resistance genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Mapping was conducted using an integrated linkage map
of 7A consisting of SSR, RFLP, STS, and DArT markers. These powdery mildew resistance genes are tentatively designated as
PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2. The PmTb7A.2 is closely linked to STS markers MAG2185 and MAG1759 derived from RFLP probes which are linked to powdery mildew resistance
gene Pm1. This indicated that PmTb7A.2 might be allelic to Pm1. The PmTb7A.1, flanked by a DArT marker wPt4553 and an SSR marker Xcfa2019 in a 4.3 cM interval, maps proximal to PmT7A.2. PmTb7A.1 is putatively a new powdery mildew resistance gene. The powdery mildew resistance genes from T. boeoticum are currently being transferred to cultivated wheat background through marker-assisted backcrossing, using T. durum as bridging species. 相似文献
16.
Chengcheng Tan Genqiao Li Christina Cowger Brett F. Carver Xiangyang Xu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(5):1145-1152
Key message
A new powdery mildew resistance gene, designated Pm59, was identified in Afghanistan wheat landrace PI 181356, and mapped in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7A.Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. In the Great Plains of the USA, Bgt isolates virulent to widely used powdery mildew resistance genes, such as Pm3a, were previously identified. The objectives of this study were to characterize the powdery mildew resistance gene in Afghanistan landrace PI 181356, which exhibited high resistance to Bgt isolates collected in southern Great Plains, and identify molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. An F2 population and F2:3 lines derived from a cross between PI 181356 and OK1059060-126135-3 were used in this study. Genetic analysis indicated that PI 181356 carries a single dominant gene, designated Pm59, in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7A. Pm59 was mapped to an interval between sequence tag site (STS) markers Xmag1759 and Xmag1714 with genetic distances of 0.4 cM distal to Xmag1759 and 5.7 cM proximal to Xmag1714. Physical mapping suggested that Pm59 is in the distal bin 7AL 0.99–1.00. Pm59 is a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, and confers resistance to Bgt isolates collected from the Great Plains and the state of Montana. Therefore, Pm59 can be used to breed powdery mildew-resistant cultivars in these regions. Xmag1759 is ideal for marker-assisted selection of Pm59 in wheat breeding.17.
Beales J Turner A Griffiths S Snape JW Laurie DA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(5):721-733
Ppd-D1 on chromosome 2D is the major photoperiod response locus in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). A semi-dominant mutation widely used in the “green revolution” converts wheat from a long day (LD) to a photoperiod insensitive
(day neutral) plant, providing adaptation to a broad range of environments. Comparative mapping shows Ppd-D1 to be colinear with the Ppd-H1 gene of barley (Hordeum vulgare) which is a member of the pseudo-response regulator (PRR) gene family. To investigate the relationship between wheat and barley photoperiod genes we isolated homologues of Ppd-H1 from a ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat BAC library and compared them to sequences from other wheat varieties with known Ppd alleles. Varieties with the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a allele which causes early flowering in short (SD) or LDs had a 2 kb deletion upstream of the coding region. This was associated
with misexpression of the 2D PRR gene and expression of the key floral regulator FT in SDs, showing that photoperiod insensitivity is due to activation of a known photoperiod pathway irrespective of day length.
Five Ppd-D1 alleles were found but only the 2 kb deletion was associated with photoperiod insensitivity. Photoperiod insensitivity can
also be conferred by mutation at a homoeologous locus on chromosome 2B (Ppd-B1). No candidate mutation was found in the 2B PRR gene but polymorphism within the 2B PRR gene cosegregated with the Ppd-B1 locus in a doubled haploid population, suggesting that insensitivity on 2B is due to a mutation outside the sequenced region
or to a closely linked gene.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
J. Beales and A. Turner contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
18.
Lisha Shen Guangbin Luo Yanhong Song Shuyi Song Yiwen Li Wenlong Yang Xin Li Jiazhu Sun Dongcheng Liu Aimin Zhang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(12):2745-2763
Key message
A comprehensive comparison of LMW-GS genes between Ae. tauschii and its progeny common wheat.Abstract
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) are determinant of wheat flour processing quality. However, the LMW-GS gene composition in Aegilops tauschii, the wheat D genome progenitor, has not been comprehensively elucidated and the impact of allohexaploidization on the Glu-D3 locus remains elusive. In this work, using the LMW-GS gene molecular marker system and the full-length gene-cloning method, LMW-GS genes at the Glu-D3 loci of 218 Ae. tauschii and 173 common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were characterized. Each Ae. tauschii contained 11 LMW-GS genes, and the whole collection was divided into 25 haplotypes (AeH01–AeH25). The Glu-D3 locus in common wheat lacked the LMW-GS genes D3-417, D3-507 and D3-552, but shared eight genes of identical open reading frame (ORF) sequences when compared to that of Ae. tauschii. Therefore, the allohexaploidization induces deletions, but exerts no influence on LMW-GS gene coding sequences at the Glu-D3 locus. 92.17% Ae. tauschii had 7-9 LMW-GSs, more than the six subunits in common wheat. The haplotypes AeH16, AeH20 and AeH23 of Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulate distributed in southeastern Caspian Iran were the main putative D genome donor of common wheat. These results facilitate the utilization of the Ae. tauschii glutenin gene resources and the understanding of wheat evolution.19.
Xie W Ben-David R Zeng B Distelfeld A Röder MS Dinoor A Fahima T 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(5):911-922
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, the tetraploid ancestor (AABB) of domesticated bread and durum wheat, harbors many important alleles for resistance to various
diseases, including powdery mildew. In the current study, two tetraploid wheat mapping populations, derived from a cross between
durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer wheat (accession G-305-3M), were used to identify and map a novel powdery mildew
resistance gene. Wild emmer accession G-305-3M was resistant to all 47 Bgt isolates tested, from Israel and Switzerland. Segregation ratios of F2 progenies and F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations, in their reactions to inoculation with Bgt, revealed a Mendelian pattern (3:1 and 1:1, respectively), indicating the role of a single dominant gene derived from T. dicoccoides accession G-305-3M. This gene, temporarily designated PmG3M, was mapped on chromosome 6BL and physically assigned to chromosome deletion bin 6BL-0.70-1.00. The F2 mapping population was used to construct a genetic map of the PmG3M gene region consisted of six simple sequence repeats (SSR), 11 resistance gene analog (RGA), and two target region amplification
polymorphism (TRAP) markers. A second map, constructed based on the F6 RIL population, using a set of skeleton SSR markers, confirmed the order of loci and distances obtained for the F2 population. The discovery and mapping of this novel powdery mildew resistance gene emphasize the importance of the wild emmer
wheat gene pool as a source for crop improvement. 相似文献
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Wenxuan Liu Dal-Hoe Koo Qing Xia Chunxin Li Fuqiang Bai Yuli Song Bernd Friebe Bikram S. Gill 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(4):841-848