Cytotoxic effects of thiopyrimidines

The cytotoxic action of 2-thiouracil, 2-thiocytosine, 2-thiouridine and 4-thiouridine was studied in cultures of a clone of Chinese hamster cells with a generation time of 16 hours (S — 8 hours, G₂ — 2 hours, and G₁ plus M — 6 hours). The cells were synchronized at metaphase by the method of reversal of colcemid inhibition and cell survival was measured by their colony-forming ability. The four analogs induced cytotoxic effects which increased with the concentration of the chemical and the length of the exposure time. Exposure to 4 × 10^?4 M 2-thiocytosine, 2-thiouridine or 4-thiouridine for a period of 20 hours reduced cell survival to less than 10% of the controls. The other analog (2-thiouracil) was less effective when tested at similar concentrations and time of exposure and decreased the survival to only 35% of the controls. Short periods of treatment (one hour) produced little effect at concentrations of 4 × 10^?5M, and affected the survival of cells differently when 4 × 10^?4 M were administered at different stages of the cell cycle. Two peaks of maximum sensitivity, one at late G₁ and the other at G₂ were observed. These peaks correspond to the peaks of maximum RNA synthesis described for synchronized mammalian cells. Therefore, it is likely that the cytotoxic effects of thiopyrimidine analogs are related to interference with RNA synthesis.     

Lethal effects of fluorodeoxyuridine on cultured mammalian cells at various stages of the cell cycle

The lethal damage induced by the exposure of synchronized Chinese hamster cells to various concentrations of 5-fluoro-2′deoxyuridine (FUdR) was not selectively restricted to cells exposed during the period of DNA synthesis S. The colony survival fraction observed after treatment for one hour with 5 × 10^?5 M FUdR was very low (0.0001–0.0003) whether the drug was administered during early G₁, late G₁, early S or in middle S. The survival of cells treated with the same concentration of FUdR during mitosis, however, was significantly higher (0.62) showing that mitotic cells were less sensitive to FUdR. Administration of 10^?7M thymidine or “conditioned” medium for one hour reversed the lethal effect of FUdR or improved the survival, depending on the time after removal of the FUdR at which these substances were given.     

Self-exchange rates and electron transfer kinetics of horse heart ferricytochrome C with amino acid-pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes

The electron transfer reactions of horse heart cytochrome c with a series of amino acid-pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes have been studied by the stopped-flow technique, at 25°C, μ = 0.100, pH 7 (phosphate buffer). A second-order behavior was observed in the case of the Fe(CN)₅ (histidine)^3? complex, with k = 2.8 x 10⁵ M^?1 sec^?1. For the Fe(CN)₅ (alanine)^4? and Fe(CN)₅(L-glutamate)^5? complexes, only a minor deviation of the second-order behavior, close to the experimental error (k = 3.2 × 10⁵ and 1.6 x 10⁵ M^?1 sec^?1, respectively) was noted at high concentrations of the reactants (e.g., 6 × 10^?4 M). The results are in accord with recent work on the Fe(CN)₆^4?/cytochrome c system demonstrating weak association of the reactants. The calculated self-exchange rate constants including electrostatic interactions for the imidazole,L -histidine, 4-aminopyridine, glycinate, β-alaninate, andL-glutamate pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes were 3.3 × 105, 3.3 × 10⁵, 2.8 × 10⁶,4.1 × 10²,5.5 × 10², and 6.0 M^?1 sec^?1, respectively. Marcus theory calculations for the cytochrome c reactions were interpreted in terms of two nonequivalent binding sites for the complexes, with the metalloprotein self-exchange rate constants varying from 10⁴ M^?1 sec^?1 (histidine, imidazole, and 4-aminopyridine complexes) to 10⁶ M^?1 sec ^?1 (glycinate, β-alaninate, and L-glutamate complexes).     

MEMBRANE THIAMINE TRTPHOSPHATASE FROM RAT BRAIN: INHIBITION BY ATP AND ADP

—The hydrolysis of ThTP by rat brain membrane-bound ThTPase is inhibited by nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. ATP and ADP are most effective, reducing hydrolysis by 50% at concentrations of 2 × 10^?5m and 7·5 × 10^?5m respectively. Nucleoside monophosphates and free nuclcosides as well as P_i have no effect on enzyme activity. ThMP and ThDP also fail to inhibit hydrolysis in concentrations up to 5 × 10^?3m . Non-hydrolysable methylene phosphate analogs of ATP and ADP were used in further kinetic studies with the ThTPase. The mechanism of inhibition by these analogs is shown to be of mixed non-competitive nature for both compounds. An observed K_i, of 4 × 10^?5m for the ATP analog adenosine-PPCP and 9 × 10^?5m for the ADP analog adenosine-PCP is calculated at pH 6·5. Formation of the true enzyme substrate, the [Mg²⁺. ThTP] complex, is not significantly affected by concentrations of analogs producing maximal (>95%) inhibition of enzyme activity. Likewise the relationships between pH and observed K_m and pH and V_max are not shifted by the presence of similar concentrations of inhibitor.     

Effects of prostacyclin on the canine isolated basilar artery

Prostacyclin (PGI₂) produced a biphasic response in canine isolated basilar arteries. In low doses (1 × 10^?8M?1 × 10^?7M) PGI₂ caused a slight but consistent relaxation of resting muscle tone. In low concentrations (1 × 10^?8M?1 × 10^?6M) PGI₂ antagonized muscle contractions caused by serotonin or prostaglandin (PG) F_2α. This relaxant effect with low doses of PGI₂ on the isolated cerebral artery contrasts with findings obtained with other PGs and supports the hypothesis that PGI₂ is a mediator of vasodilatation. However, in 1 × 10^?5M concentrations PGI₂ contracted the arterial muscle and did not antagonize contractions induced by serotonin or PGF_2α.     

THE TIME-COURSE OF PHOTOADAPTATION TO LOW-LIGHT IN PROROCENTRUM MARIAE-LEBOURIAE (DINOPHYCEAE)1

The estuarine dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum mariaelebouriae (Parke & Ballantine 1957) Faust 1974 undergoes increases in pigmentation and photosynthetic efficiency within several days of downward light shifts. These changes can be described by first-order kinetics, as has been reported previously for Chlorophyll (Chl) a in several phytoplankton species. The studies described in this paper were conducted with isolates of populations of Prorocentrum from the Chesapeake Bay. We determined rates of adaptation to low-light for cultures grown at a range of photon flux densities (I₀= 2.65–26.2 E.m^?2, d^?1, shifted to 6.3–7.0% I₀) at three temperatures (10°, 15°, and 20° C), bracketing the conditions this species experiences in situ. In this paper, I report the time-course of changes in α, P_max Chl a, peridinin, and I_k and first-order rate constants, K₁ for changes in α, Chl a and peridinin. cell^?1. K₁ for changes in α cell^?1 averaged 1.58 × 10^?2 h^?1 for conditions encompassing five light treatments and three temperatures; the corresponding mean for Chl a was 1.59 × 10^?2 h^?1. Increases in peridinin measured for five light treatments at 15° C showed a mean K₁ of 1.22 × 10^?2 h^?1, Average percent changes in per cell α, Chl a, and peridinin ranged from 0.4–4.0% h^?1 (10–90% d^?1) following exposure to low-light. Photoadaptive changes are important to Prorocentrum because in nature it occupies turbid waters (K_t≥ 0.5 m^?1) where the mixing depth often exceeds the depth of the photic layer. Cells are entrained beneath a seasonally-stable density discontinuity and are exposed to very low-light (< I E.m^?2.d^?1) for days to weeks during subpycnocline transport. The ability of this species to undergo changes in pigmentation and photosynthetic physiology confers increased efficiency of light harvesting and contributes to this species’survival in the estuary where it is an important component of the dinoflagellate flora.     

Biphasic toxicity of diethyldithiocarbamate, a metal chelation, to T lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes: reversal by zinc and copper.

A new type of toxicity biphasically dependent on concentration was observed with diethyldithiocarbamate, a metal chelator utilized in medicine. As judged by cell survival and [³H]Urd incorporation, diethyldithiocarbamate was maximally toxic to T lymphocytes and polymorphonuclears at 2.5×10^?5 M (first phase) and at higher than 2.5×10^?3 M (second phase), but was not toxic at intermediate concentrations around 2.5×10^?4 M. The response of chelator treated T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was also biphasic. The first toxic phase was partially reversed by 2.5×10^?5 M ZnCl₂, while the second phase was partially reversed by 10^?2 M CuCl₂. This suggests that inhibition of Zn-metalloenzymes in the first phase and of Cu-metalloenzymes in the second may play a crucial role in the mechanism of toxicity. The second toxic phase may be in part due to the observed inhibition of superoxide dismutase rendering the cells susceptible to oxygen toxicity, like obligate anaerobes.     

Effects of papaverine on basal and on isoproterenol-stimulated renin secretion from rat kidney slices

Papaverine inhibited the basal renin secretion of rat kidney slices incubated in a physiological salt solution at 37°C. Inhibition was concentration-dependent; secretion was 99 ± 0.2 % inhibited by 5 × 10^?4 M papaverine, and 8 × 10^?5 M was the estimated ED₅₀. In contrast, 2 × 10^?4 M IBMx (3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine) increased the rate of secretion from 215 ± 17 to 366 ± 30 ng hr^?1mg^?1/20 min (p < 0.001). Isoprotenol (4 × 10^?7, 8 × 10^?7, and 5 × 10^?6 M) stimulated renin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner; the stimulatory effects were antagonized by papaverine but unaffected by IBMx. Thus, two known inhibitors of phosphodiesterase--IBMx and papaverine--produce sharply contrasting effects on basal and on isoproterenol-stimulated renin secretion from rat kidney slices.     

Induction of metamorphosis of pediveliger larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 using neuroactive compounds,KCl, NH4Cl and organic solvents

Pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis were subjected to a series of bioassays to investigate the induction of metamorphosis using neuroactive compounds, K⁺, NH₄ ⁺ and organic solvents. Growth and survival of post-larvae obtained using ethanol and methanol were also observed. Epinephrine, phenylephrine, clonidine and metanephrine induced larval metamorphosis at 10^?6 to 10^?4 M in both 24-h and continuous exposure assays. In 24-h exposure assays, α-methyldopa at 5×10^?5 M and methoxyphenamine at 5×10^?5?10^?4 M induced 55?94% metamorphosis. Similarly, excess K⁺ at 3×10^?2 M induced 39% metamorphosis and NH₄ ⁺ at 1?5×10^?2 M induced 63–78% metamorphosis. The EC50s of seven organic solvents ranged from 0.04 to 0.82 M. Post-larvae that metamorphosed using ethanol and methanol survived as juveniles and grew at the same rate as those from microbial biofilm. Thus, the above compounds can be useful inducers of metamorphosis for antifouling studies using larvae and juveniles of M. galloprovincialis.     

The comparative cell cycle and metabolic effects of chemical treatments on root tip meristems. III. Chlorsulfuron

Intact and excised cultured pea roots (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) were treated with chlorsulfuron at concentrations ranging from 2.8 ×10^?4 M to 2.8×10^?6 M. At all concentrations this chemical was demonstrated to inhibit the progression of cells from G₂ to mitosis (M) and secondarily from G₁ to DNA synthesis (S). The S and M phases were not directly affected, but the transition steps into those phases were inhibited. Total protein synthesis was unaffected by treatment of intact roots with 2.8×10^?6 M chlorsulfuron. RNA synthesis was inhibited by 43% over a 24-h treatment period. It is hypothesized that chlorsulfuron inhibits cell cycle progression by blocking the G₂ and G₁ transition points through inhibition of cell cycle specific RNA synthesis.     

Comparative NMR studies of diffusional water permeability of red blood cells from different species: XVIII platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)

As part of a programme of comparative measurements of P _d (diffusional water permeability) the RBCs (red blood cells) from an aquatic monotreme, platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), and an aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) were studied. The mean diameter of platypus RBCs was estimated by light microscopy and found to be ～6.3 μm. P _d was measured by using an Mn²⁺‐doping 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) technique. The P _d (cm/s) values were relatively low: ～2.1×10^?3 at 25°C, 2.5×10^?3 at 30°C, 3.4×10^?3 at 37°C and 4.5 at 42°C for the platypus RBCs and ～2.8×10^?3 at 25°C, 3.2×10^?3 at 30°C, 4.5×10^?3 at 37°C and 5.7×10^?3 at 42°C for the crocodile RBCs. In parallel with the low water permeability, the E _a,d (activation energy of water diffusion) was relatively high, ～35 kJ/mol. These results suggest that “conventional” WCPs (water channel proteins), or AQPs (aquaporins), are probably absent from the plasma membranes of RBCs from both the platypus and the saltwater crocodile.     

Bacteriophages of l-Glutamic Acid-Producing Bacteria

The growth characteristics of phages were investigated with the four phages, active on Brevibacterium lactofermentum, which were selected from the respective serological groups, namely, P465 (group I), P468II (group II), Ap85III (group III) and P4 (group IV).

The adsorption rate of the phages, P465 and P468II, on the host bacteria was low, whereas that of the phages, Ap85III and P4, was higher. The adsorption rate constants for the four phages were respectively calculated at 2.02 × 10^?10, 1.87 × 10^?10, 4.32 × 10^?10 and 3.15 × 10^?10 cm³ per minute, at 30°C in G₅B₂ medium. With reference to the ionic environment for adsorption, the phages, P465 and Ap85III, specifically required either for Ca⁺⁺ or Mg⁺⁺; the phage P468II, for both; and the phage P4, for neither.

The growth characteristics of these phages were examined by the one-step growth experiment. The latent periods of the phages were 50, 53, 57 and 47 minutes, respectively; and the corresponding average burst sizes were about 98, 31, 145 and 126. The growth of the phage P4 was completely suppressed at above 34°C, although the host bacteria and the other three phages were capable of the full growth at that temperature.     

A highly selective fluorescent probe for pyrophosphate detection in aqueous solutions

A novel and simple fluorescence enhancement method is introduced for selective pyrophosphate (PPi) sensing in an aqueous solution. The method is based on a 1:1 metal complex formation between tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonate) thulium(III) [Tm(QS)₃] and PPi ion. The linear response covers a concentration range of 1.6 × 10^?7–1.0 × 10^?5 mol/L PPi and the detection limit is 2.3 × 10^?8 mol/L. The association constant of Tm(QS)₃–PPi complex was calculated as 2.6 × 10⁵ mol/L. Tm(QS)₃ shows a selective and sensitive fluorescence enhancement toward PPi ion in comparion with I₃^?, NO₃^?, CN^?, CO₃^2?, Br^?, Cl^?, F^?, H₂PO₄^? and SO₄^2?, which is attributed to higher stability of the inorganic complex between pyrophosphate ion and Tm(QS)₃. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The behaviors of metal ions in the CdTe quantum dots–H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction and its sensing application

The behaviors of 15 kinds of metal ions in the thiol‐capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs)–H₂O₂ chemiluminescence (CL) reaction were investigated in detail. The results showed that Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ could inhibit CdTe QDs and H₂O₂ CL reaction. A novel CL method for the selective determination of Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ was developed, based on their inhibition of the reaction of CdTe QDs and H₂O₂. Under the optimal conditions, good linear relationships were realized between the CL intensity and the logarithm of concentrations of Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The linear ranges were from 2.0 × 10^?6 to 5.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 for Ag⁺, from 5.0 × 10^?6 to 7.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 for Cu²⁺ and from 2.0 × 10^?5 to 1.0 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 for Hg²⁺, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 3.0 × 10^?8, 4.0 × 10^?8 and 6.7 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 for Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺, respectively. A possible mechanism for the inhibition of CdTe QDs and H₂O₂ CL reaction was also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinetics of phosphate uptake in excised maize root

The short term uptake of phosphate involving 10 min absorption followed by 5 min desorption, both at 30 °C, in the concentration range 1.0×10^?9 to 7.5×10^?2 M KH₂PO₄ by fresh and washed maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ganga Safed-2) roots can be described by a single isotherm having five phases (0 and I–IV) with regularly spaced kinetic constants. Almost identical kinetics were observed in both fresh and washed maize roots. The kinetics of phase 0 in the concentration range 1.0×10^?9–3.0×10^?5 M. was sigmoidal in fresh maize roots, however, in washed tissue exhibited 2 phases termed here as 0a and 0b. 0a covered the concentration range 1.0×10^?9–5.0×10^?6 M and 0b 6.0×10^?6–3.0×10^?5 M. In the concentration range 1.0×10^?4–7.5×10^?2 M four distinct phases, termed as I, II, III and IV were evident in both fresh and washed maize roots. Each phase obeyed Michaelis—Menten kinetics. The values of K_m and V_max have been estimated for each phase. The uptake isotherm was accompanied by discontinuous transitions.     

Distribution of prostaglandin E2-sensitive adenylate cyclase along the rat nephron

To define sites of prostaglandin action of renal tubules, the distribution of adenylate cyclase sensitive to prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was examined in single nephron segments dissected from rat kidney. Further, the interaction between PGE₂ and vasopressin on adenylate cyclase activity in nephron segments sensitive to vasopressin was evaluated. Procedures involved in isolating nephron segments were without effects on adenylate cyclase stimulation by PGE₂. PGE₂ stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of the thin descending limb of Henle (tDL), cortical collecting tubules (CCT), and medullary collecting tubules (MCT) at concentrations of 1.4 × 10^?5 to 2.8 × 10^?5 M. PGE₂ was without effects in other nephron segments tested including proximal convoluated tubules, proximal pars recta, the thin and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, and distal and connecting tubules. PGE₂, at both high (2.8 × 10^?5 M) and low (2.8 × 10^?8 M) concentrations, did not inhibit adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by submaximal doses of vasopressin in medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (MTAL), CCT, and MCT. These data define the distribution of PGE₂-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat nephron, i.e., tDL, CCT, and MCT, and show the lack of direct inhibitory actions of PGE₂ on vasopressin sensitive adenylate cyclase in MTAL, CCT, and MCT.     

Neutron scattering studies of escherichia coli tyrosyl-trna synthetase and of its interaction with trna tyr

Small-angle neutron scattering studies of Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase indicate that in solution this enzyme is a dimer of M_r, 91 (±6) × 10³ with a radius of gyration R_G of 37.8 ± 1.1 Å.The increase in the scattering mass of the enzyme upon binding tRNA^Tyr has been followed in 20 mm-imidazole · HCl (pH 7.6), 10 mm-MgCl₂, 0.1 mm-EDTA, 10 mm-2-mercaptoethanol, 150 mm-KCl. A stoichiometry of one bound tRNA per dimeric enzyme molecule was found. The R_G of the complex is equal to 41 ± 1 Å. Titration experiments in 74% ²H₂O, close to the matching point of tRNA, show an R_G of 38.5 ± 1 Å for the enzyme moiety in the complex. From these values, a minimum distance of 49 Å between the centre of mass of the bound tRNA and that of the enzyme was calculated.In low ionic strength conditions (20 mm-imidazole-HCl (pH 7.6), 10 mm-MgCl₂, 0.1 mm-EDTA, 10 mm-2-mercaptoethanol) and at limiting tRNA concentrations with respect to the enzyme, titrations of the enzyme by tRNA^Tyr are characterized by the appearance of aggregates, with a maximum scattered intensity at a stoichiometry of one tRNA per two enzyme molecules. At this point, the measured M_r and R_G values are compatible with a compact 1:2, tRNA: enzyme complex. This complex forms with a remarkably high stability constant: (enzyme:tRNA:enzyme)/(enzyme:tRNA)(enzyme) of 0.1 to 0.3(× 10⁶) m^?1 (at 20 °C). Upon addition of more tRNA, the complex dissociates in favour of the 1:1, enzyme:tRNA complex, which has a higher stability constant (1 to 3 (× 10⁶) m^?1).     

Catalytic properties of three lactate dehydrogenases from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum)

Two l-lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and one dl-lactate dehydrogenase could be separated from potato tubers by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes are specific for lactate, while β-hydroxybutyric acid, glycolic acid, and glyoxylic acid are not oxidized. Their pH optima are pH 6.9 for the oxidation and 8.0 for the reduction reaction.The K_m values for l-lactate for the two isoenzymes are 2.00 × 10^?2 and 1.82 × 10^?2, m. In the reverse reaction the affinities for pyruvate are 3.24 × 10^?4 and 3.34 × 10^?4, m. Both enzymes have similar affinities for NAD and NADH (3.00 × 10^?4; 4.00 × 10^?4, and 8.35 × 10^?4; 5.25 × 10^?4, m).The dl-lactate oxidoreductase may transfer electrons either to NAD or N-methyl-phenazinemethosulfate. The K_m values of this enzyme for l-lactate are 4.5 × 10^?2, m and for d-lactate 3.34 × 10^?2, m. Its affinity for pyruvate is 4.75 × 10^?4, m. The enzyme is inhibited by excess NAD (K_m = 1.54 × 10^?4, M) and has an affinity toward NADH (K_m = 5.00 × 10^?3, M) which is about one tenth of that of the two isoenzymes of l-lactate dehydrogenase.     

Adenosine Release and Uptake in Cerebellar Granule Neurons Both Occur via an Equilibrative Nucleoside Carrier that Is Modulated by G Proteins

Abstract: There is debate about the mechanisms mediating adenosine release from neurons. In this study, the release of adenosine evoked by depolarizing cultured cerebellar granule neurons with 50 mM K⁺ was inhibited by 49 ± 7% in Ca²⁺-free medium. The remaining release was blocked by dipyridamole (IC₅₀ = 6.4 × 10^?8M) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (IC₅₀ = 3.6 × 10^?8M), inhibitors of adenosine uptake. Ca²⁺-dependent release was reduced by 78 ± 9% following a 21-h pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates G_i/G_o G proteins, thereby preventing their dissociation. The nucleoside transporter-mediated component of K⁺-induced adenosine release also was inhibited by 62 ± 8% by pertussis toxin and was potentiated by 78 ± 11% following cholera toxin treatment, which permanently activates G_s. Uptake of [³H]adenosine into cultured cerebellar granule neurons over a 10-min period was not dependent on extracellular Na⁺ but was reduced by dipyridamole (IC₅₀ = 3.2 × 10^?8M) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (IC₅₀ = 2.6 × 10^?8M). Thus, adenosine uptake likely occurs via the same transporter mediating Ca²⁺-independent adenosine release. Adenosine uptake was potentiated by cholera toxin pretreatment (152 ± 15% of control), but pertussis toxin had no statistically significant effect. It is possible that G_s, G_i/G_o, or free Gβγ dimer modulate the equilibrative, inhibitor-sensitive nucleoside carrier to enhance adenosine transport.     

A naphthalene derivative as ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent chemosensor for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Al3+

A Schiff base compound derived from naphthalene has been synthesized and characterized as an Al³⁺‐selective fluorescent probe. The chemosensor ( L ) exhibits high selectively for Al³⁺ in aqueous solution, even in the presence of biologically relevant cations such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and several transition metal ions. There was no observed interference from anions like Br^?, Cl^?, HSO₃^?, SO₃^2?, S₂O₃^2?, NO₂^?, CO₃^2? and AC^?. The lowest detection limit for the chemosensor L was found to be 1.89 × 10^?8 M with a linear response towards Al³⁺ over a concentration range of 5 × 10^?6 to 4 × 10^?5 M. Furthermore, the proposed chemosensor has been used for imaging of Al³⁺ in two different types of cells with satisfying results, which further demonstrates its value for practical application in biological systems.