日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)口腔腺表达序列标签(EST)分析

以日本七鳃鳗口腔腺为材料,构建库容量为2.1×106pfu/mL的cDNA文库。通过对文库中克隆子的序列测定和生物信息学初步分析,得到1323条有效EST序列。经BlastX及BlastN软件进行同源对比分析,653条(49.36%)EST可在蛋白质或核苷酸水平上找到同源序列,其中328条与七鳃鳗科物种同源。同源序列功能分类大致分为11类,与蛋白质合成有关的蛋白所占比例最大。1323条EST进行片段重叠群分析(contig analysis)获得包括547条序列在内的162组片段重叠群并确定了8条全长cDNA。日本七鳃鳗口腔腺cDNA文库以及EST文库的成功构建,为研究日本七鳃鳗口腔腺的功能基因和蛋白质组学奠定了基础。     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)VLRB的克隆表达及单克隆抗体制备

七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)和盲鳗(Hyperotreti)作为现存的无颌类脊椎动物的代表,其适应性免疫系统中的受体分子与哺乳动物的抗原受体分子不同,这种独特的受体分子称为可变淋巴细胞受体VLRs(Variable lym-phocyte receptors)。目前VLRs分为3类,分别是VLRA、VLRB、VLRC,而VLRB由七鳃鳗类B淋巴细胞产生,是其体液免疫中主要成分,与IgM结构和功能类似。文章对日本七鳃鳗VLRB基因保守的C末端进行克隆、原核表达和重组蛋白纯化后,免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过细胞融合及间接酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay,ELISA)筛选技术得到针对VLRB保守区的单克隆抗体细胞株。将杂交瘤细胞接种小鼠腹腔得到大量的单抗腹水,经Protein G亲和纯化后的单抗进行ELISA与Western blotting检测。经ELISA检测抗体效价为1:40000。Western blotting结果显示该单克隆抗体能够特异的检测重组VLRB蛋白及七鳃鳗血清中分泌型VLRB。流式细胞实验证明该单抗能特异识别七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞表面表达的膜型VLRB。VLRB单克隆抗体的成功制备和建株,为研究日本七鳃鳗基于VLR的适应性免疫系统提供了重要的工具。     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

小麦NBS类抗病基因同源cDNA序列的克隆与特征分析

根据已克隆植物抗病(R)基因NBS保守结构域设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),在小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料TcLr19中进行抗病同源基因cDNA全长的扩增。获得了1个通读的NBS类抗病同源基因S11A11cDNA序列,该序列全长2923bp,编码878个氨基酸序列。生物信息学分析结果表明,该片段含有NB-ARC保守结构域和多个LRR结构域。聚类分析表明,S11A11编码的蛋白与小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr1编码的蛋白亲缘关系较近,而与Lr10亲缘关系较远。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在小麦叶片中为低丰度组成型表达。本研究在TcLr19小麦中成功获得了抗病基因同源序列,为最终克隆小麦抗叶锈病目的基因奠定了基础。     

胃癌相关cDNA片段的快速克隆和表达分析

利用差异显示PCR技术获得的一条在胃癌和正常组织有差异表达的表达序列标签(EST)-W123(GenBank登录号为AF150631),通过与GenBank的dbest库进行电子杂交,选取了与其同源度高的若干EST,在它们共有的保守序列设计了用于扩增的寡聚核苷酸引物,利用cDNA末端快速扩增PCR（RACE）技术得到了7条带有polyA尾的3′EST,进行序列分析后,发现它们均是代表新基因或不同剪接体的EST,且具有共同的保守序列,已登录GenBank.采用RNA印迹对目的序列进行初步鉴定,并进行了这些基因的组织分布分析.RACE技术和生物信息学相结合,具有快速、高效的特点,有助于疾病相关基因的克隆.     

珊瑚藻R-藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析(英文)

依据珊瑚藻 (CorallinaofficinalisL .)藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB的DNA序列 (AF5 1 0 986 )设计引物 ,通过PCR RACE方法扩增得到rpeA和rpeB的cDNA序列 .序列分析表明 ,该序列采用多顺反子转录策略 ,全长 2 2 5 7bp(AF5 42 5 5 4) ,排布顺序为 5′UTR rpeB 间隔区 rpeA 3′UTR .5′非编码区 4 93bp ,rpeB基因 5 34bp ,基因间隔区 1 0 1bp ,rpeA基因 4 95bp ,3′非编码区 6 34bp .在rpeA和rpeB的基因起始密码子上游均存在类似原核核糖体结合的Shine Dalgarno (SD)序列 .在rpeA基因终止密码子下游 1 1 0bp处还存在着一个可能的开放阅读框架 .经检索GenBank发现 ,真核红藻藻红蛋白中尚无有关cDNA序列的报道     

天麻中一种抗真菌蛋白基因的克隆

依据天麻(GastrodiaelataBl.f.flavidaS.Chow)抗真菌蛋白GAFP_1的N端部分氨基酸序列设计简并引物,通过RACE(快速分离cDNA末端)的方法扩增得到GAFP_1全长cDNA。该cDNA包含一个编码171个氨基酸的ORF,推导的多肽序列与测得的蛋白质部分序列相同;在5′端有一个长为55bp的5′非编码区;终止密码子下游有一个141bp长的3′非编码区,其中含有两个加poly(A)信号及长度为26个腺苷酸的poly(A)。经检索发现该推导蛋白序列与火烧兰(Epipactishelloborine)和二叶兰(Listeraovata)的甘露糖结合蛋白以及雪花莲(Galanthusnivalis)中的甘露糖结合凝集素具有很高同源性。     

左侧视网膜剥夺鸽左前脑差异表达基因全长cDNA的克隆

利用cDNA末端快速扩增 (RACE)技术克隆了一条由左侧视网膜剥夺造成左前脑差异表达EST片段的全长cDNA序列 ,同源性比较后认定 ,其为鸽e(r)基因 .该基因与人类及斑马鱼等脊椎动物e(r)基因的同源性非常高 ,但C端有明显差异 .RNA斑点杂交、逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)及Northern印迹等方法检测 ,该基因在不同组织中表达量有差异 .结果表明 ,鸽e(r)基因在左眼视网膜剥夺鸽的左前脑及肝、肾中的表达量较高 ,该基因的表达具有一定的组织表达特异性 .     

谷子肌动蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

以谷子（Setaria italica）为材料,提取总RNA。根据植物肌动蛋白基因编码区的两端的保守序列设计了简并引物,用5'RACE方法扩增出了谷子肌动蛋白基因编码区序列。以豌豆肌动蛋白cDNA作探针进行的Southern杂交分析表明扩增出了目的基因。将所获得的片段克隆到T载体后进行测序,序列分析结果表明：谷子肌动蛋白基因的编码区长1131个核苷酸,编码了377个氨基酸;所得序列(命名为MIAc)与GenBank中注册的肌动蛋白基因序列的相似性均在60%以上,与其它肌动蛋白氨基酸序列的相似性达89%以上。根据高等植物肌动蛋白序列相似性重建了进化树,表明谷子肌动蛋白与水稻肌动蛋白异型体RAc2和RAc3之间的亲缘关系 最为密切,在进化过程中分化时间最为接近。     

Cloning and identification of an Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E2 D2 gene from Japanese lamprey Lampetra japonica

The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation.Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2 is a protein that is encoded by the UBE2D2 gene.Here,we report a lamprey(La UBE2D2)gene which contained 441-bp open reading frame(ORF)encoding 147 amino acids with a typical UBC domain.Real-time PCR assay showed that the highest expression of the protein in adult lamprey was in the leukocytes,the lowest expression was in the skin,kidney and liver.The high conservation in amino acid sequence of the La UBE2D2protein with the UBE2D2s from Homo sapiens,Danio rerio,Oreochromis niloticus and Takifugu rubripes,implied that it had similar function with UBE2D2proteins from other species.     

日本七鳃鳗钙调蛋白分子克隆、组织定位及功能分析

钙调蛋白（calmodulin,CaM）是高度保守的钙离子结合蛋白质,可形成Ca ²⁺-CaM复合体,从而调节细胞代谢以及靶酶的功能。日本七鳃鳗（Lampetra japonica）作为原始的无颌类脊椎动物,对研究脊椎动物分子起源进化及器官发育分化具有重要的研究价值。通过提取日本七鳃鳗髓组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法获得日本七鳃鳗CaM（简称Lj-CaM）基因并进行生物信息学分析。将Lj-CaM基因分别构建到原核表达载体pColdⅠ和真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,利用亲和层析技术纯化得到Lj-CaM蛋白。圆二色谱分析结果表明,Lj-CaM属于典型的α-螺旋结构型蛋白质。免疫印迹和免疫组化结果表明,CaM主要存在于日本七鳃鳗的肠、鳃、髓、肾组织中,在心和肝组织中几乎不表达。细胞免疫荧光结果显示,CaM定位于细胞核中。qPCR和免疫印迹方法检测发现,当293T细胞中Lj-CaM过表达时,对下游靶基因CaMKⅡ作用不明显,但促进PLA2G2A表达。本研究报道了日本七鳃鳗CaM结构、细胞组织定位分布以及基因调控研究,对其结构、分子起源与进化、分子调控及功能方面的研究奠定了基础。     

Cloning and analysis of an HMG gene from the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis: gene duplication in vertebrate evolution

Evolution has shaped the organisation of vertebrate genomes, including the human genome. To shed further light on genome history, we have cloned and analysed an HMG gene from lamprey, representing one of the earliest vertebrate lineages. Genes of the HMG1/2 family encode chromosomal proteins that bind DNA in a non-sequence-specific manner, and have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes dependent on chromatin structure. They are characterised by two copies of a conserved motif, the HMG box, followed by an acidic C-terminal region. We report here the cloning of a cDNA clone from the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis containing a gene with two HMG boxes and an acidic tail; we designate this gene LfHMG1. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that LfHMG1 is descended from a gene ancestral to mammalian HMG1 and HMG2. This implies that there was a duplication event in the HMG1/2 gene family, that occurred after the divergence of the jawed and jawless fishes, 450 million years ago. This conclusion supports and refines the hypothesis that there was a period of extensive gene duplication early in vertebrate evolution. We also show that the HMG1/2 family originated before the protostomes and deuterostomes diverged, over 525 million years ago.     

七鳃鳗g型溶菌酶的分子特征和抗菌活性

溶菌酶是先天免疫系统中对抗细菌病原体感染的一种关键蛋白．本研究从七鳃鳗中克隆g型溶菌酶基因. 其酶基因cDNA为701 bp（GenBank 序列号KP204854）,开放阅读框为555 bp,编码由184个氨基酸组成的多肽,理论分子质量为20.24 kD,等电点为5.48,含有1个半胱氨酸残基,无信号肽．实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,七鳃鳗g型溶菌酶基因在各组织中广泛表达,其中在肠中表达量最高．脂多糖（LPS）体内刺激七鳃鳗后发现,溶菌酶在口腔腺和头肾表达量显著升高．以溶壁微球菌和哈维弧菌为底物检测重组g型溶菌酶的活性时,均表现出抗菌活性,最适pH为7.5,最适温度为35℃．扫描电镜分析表明,重组酶能够使溶壁微球菌破裂．以上结果均表明,g型溶菌酶在七鳃鳗的先天免疫系统防御病菌感染中起到重要作用．     

Cloning and expression of VLRB of Lampetra japonica and generation of the corresponding monoclonal antibodies

The agnathans (lampreys and hagfishes) are representatives of the jawless vertebrates. The receptor molecules of adaptive immune system in lampreys are different from the antigen receptors in mammal vertebrates. The unique receptor molecules of lampreys are known as variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR). There are three types of VLRs in lampreys, VLRA, VLRB, and VLRC. Multimeric antigen-specific VLRB antibodies are secreted by VLRB+ lymphocytes and constitute the major components of the humoral arm of the lamprey adaptive immune system. Oligomeric VLRB antibodies are composed of four or five disulfide-linked dimeric subunits, which are similar to IgM antibodies in structure and function. In this study, the conservative c-terminal of Lampetra japonica VLRB was cloned and expressed in BL21 E. coli. The recombinant VLRB protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography column. After Balb/c mice immunity, cell fusion, the positive clones were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the hybridoma cells that produced specific anti-VLRB monoclonal antibodies were obtained. In order to get a large number of antibodies against VLRB, the hybridoma cells were injected into the abdominal cavity of Balb/c mice and the antibodies were purified by protein G sepharose. The results of ELISA indicated that the valence of anti-VLRB antibodies was 1:40000. Western blotting assay showed that the antibodies were able to detect both recombinant VLRB and secreted VLRB in lamprey sera. Flow cytometry analysis also revealed the existence of VLRB on the surface of lymphocytes. In summary, the anti-VLRB monoclonal antibodies provided a major tool for studying lamprey adaptive immune system.     

Characterisation of the fibrinogenolytic properties of the buccal gland secretion from Lampetra japonica

Lampetra japonica is representative of the ancient cyclostomota class of animals, and its buccal gland secretion (called lamphredin) is known to act as an anticoagulant. In this study, it was observed by both native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE that the secretion mainly contained two protein bands, buccal gland secretion protein-1 (BGSP-1, 159,909 Da) and buccal gland secretion protein-2 (BGSP-2, 25,660 Da). The N-terminal amino acids of BGSP-1 (EAESF QNLKT RICGG LNGLG) and BGSP-2 (TSVND WKLLD TKLSA NRKVI) were sequenced. Using a Sephadex G-75 column, we isolated BGSP-1, BGSP-2 and small peptides from the buccal gland secretion, but found only BGSP-1 showed fibrinogenolytic activity. BGSP-1 and lamphredin were found to rapidly degrade the alpha chain of human fibrinogen, slowly degrade the beta chain and hardly degrade the gamma chain. BGSP-1 and lamphredin showed a similar map by SDS-PAGE for the degradation of fibrinogen by cleavage at Ala(10)-Glu(11) and His(368)-Ser(369). BGSP-1 was also found to hydrolyze neuronal protein tau at Glu(12)-Asp(13) and Gln(244)-Thr(245). Further study showed that lamphredin and BGSP-1 were inactivated in the presence of a metal chelating agent EDTA. However, addition of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) but not Zn(2+) restored the fibrinogenolytic activity. This suggests that BGSP-1 acts in the buccal gland as a metalloproteinase with a broad substrate specificity. Furthermore, the secretion showed cytolytic properties towards human SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells in culture, and lamphredin at a 50-fold dilution induced cell death.     

Molecular evolution and expression pattern of Toll-like receptor 3 from the lamprey Lampetra japonica

Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are type I transmembrane proteins that are important components of innate immunity and play essential roles in inducing acquired immune responses[1].These proteins consist of three parts:the cytoplasmic domain,transmembrane domain,and extracellular domain.The extracellular domain is composed of 18–33 leucine-rich repeat(LRR)sequences that enable the host to specifically recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are the core of TLR recognition ligands[2].The cytoplasmic domain is homologous with the interleukin 1 receptor(IL-1R)family and known as the Toll-IL-1 receptor homology domain,which is highly conserved and plays a key role in signal transduction[1].TLR3 recognizes viral dsRNA during immune protection from viruses[3].After the host is infected by a virus,the LRR region of TLR3 recognizes the viral dsRNA,and the Toll/IL-1 receptor(TIR)domain recruits the adaptor protein TIR domain-containing molecule 1(also known as TRIF)for signal cascade transmission[4].The activation of TLR3 finally leads to cytokine secretion,especially the production of type I interferon[4].Lamprey,the most primitive marine jawless vertebrate,is an ideal model for studying vertebrate embryo development,organ differentiation,and immune system evolution[5].Although jawless vertebrates contain three variable lymphocyte receptors,they have not been found to possess the recombinational antigen receptors shared by all jawed vertebrates[6].Compared with that in higher vertebrates,the mechanism of acquired immunity in lampreys is still not complete,and lampreys rely mainly on innate immunity to fight against pathogenic microorganisms.Although TLR3 has been extensively studied in jawed vertebrates,little is known about the molecular evolutionary history and expression patterns of TLR3 in jawless vertebrates.