酒精性肝病与肠道微生物群落研究进展

酒精性肝病与肠道微生物群落密切相关。酒精性肝病会导致肠道微生物群落失调,而微生物群落失调又可进一步加重肝病进程。本文综述了酒精性肝病与肠道微生物群落间的关系及作用机制,以及益生菌、益生元、合生元、后生元和噬菌体等肠道微生物及其相关产物改善或治疗肝病的研究前景。     

干细胞移植规范化治疗失代偿期肝硬化的专家共识

一、概述失代偿期肝硬化是指各种慢性肝脏损害所导致的肝病晚期阶段,主要表现为门脉高压、肝功能减退和不能满足人体的生理需求。肝硬化最常见的病因为慢性病毒性肝炎。我国是一个肝炎大国,人群乙型肝炎病毒携带率高达7.18﹪,丙型肝炎病毒感染率达3.2﹪。此外,酒精性肝病、药物性肝病、自身免疫性肝病、遗传代谢性肝病等多种肝病的发病率逐年升高。我国每年新增肝硬化病例数超过600万。代偿期肝硬化患者多无临床症状,     

PGE2对肝病大鼠创伤弧菌攻击后血清TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响及其肾组织的保护作用

目的探讨前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）免疫干预对肝病大鼠创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnifcus,Vv）攻击后TNF-α、IL-10的影响以及与肾组织超微结构改变的相关性。方法正常大鼠9只和肝病大鼠36只,分别为正常大鼠Vv攻击组、肝病大鼠Vv攻击组、肝病Vv攻击后氧氟沙星药物治疗组、肝病Vv攻击PGE2氧氟沙星联合保护组和肝病大鼠NS组（每组n=9）。ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和IL-10含量。取各组大鼠肾标本电镜下观察超微结构病理改变。结果肝病大鼠较正常大鼠Vv攻击后IL-10低而TNF-α高（P〈0.05）;PGE2免疫干预组肾组织超微结构明显改善。结论PGE2免疫干预能上调肝病大鼠血清IL-10,抑制TNF-α的分泌,对肝病大鼠Vv攻击后肾组织具有免疫保护作用。     

铁死亡调控慢性肝病的研究进展

铁死亡(iron death)是一种铁依赖的非凋亡性的新程序性死亡方式,其是因铁代谢异常导致细胞内大量活性氧与脂质过氧化物堆积造成的。铁死亡对慢性肝病的发生发展起着重要的调控作用,是治疗慢性肝病的潜在靶点。本文对近年来铁死亡在非酒精性脂肪性肝病、酒精性肝病、药物性肝损伤、肝纤维化和肝细胞癌发病中作用的最新研究进展进行总结,希冀为慢性肝病的预防和治疗提供新思路。     

个性化护理模式在肝病护理中的应用分析

当前,肝病作为一种普遍的疾病,严重危害着人们的身体健康。肝病的患有者,无时无刻不在承受着病痛的煎熬。个性化护理模式为肝病患有者提供了一个减轻疾病痛苦的良好的方式。本文对个性化护理模式在肝病护理中的应用做了进一步的研究和分析,以求减轻肝病患有者的痛苦,促进护理模式的改进提高。     

柴胡治疗肝病有效成分及药理作用研究进展

肝病是我国的一种传播范围广且高发的流行性疾病。中药柴胡自古就用保肝、护肝、治疗肝病的作用,现代药理学研究表明柴胡在辅助治疗肝癌方面也发挥着不容忽视的作用。柴胡治疗肝病的作用越来越受到关注和重视。本文从柴胡主要成分及其防治肝病的药理作用对柴胡的作用进行了归纳和综述。在前人研究结果的基础上,提出了柴胡防治肝病是多成分对应对靶点作用的结果。     

肝病肠道菌群失调与肠源性内毒素血症

当今肝病肠道菌群失调与肠源性内毒素血症(intestinal endotoxemia,IETM)的关系日益受到重视.在肝病时发生肠道菌群微生态失调,部分革兰阴性菌大量增殖,后者导致肠源性内毒素血症发生率升高,而内毒素血症在肝病的维持和发展中起到重要的作用,加重肝病.因此,肝病-肠道菌群失调-肠源性内毒素血症形成一个恶性循环,其中关键的一个环节就是肠道菌群失调所致肠源性内毒素血症.本文将就肝病时肠道菌群失调所致肠源性内毒素血症以及微生态疗法阻断此环节的研究加以综述.     

高原地区慢性肝病肠道微生态结构的变化

目的 分析高原地区慢性肝病患者肠道菌群物种多样性及菌群丰度结构变化,探讨肠道微生态失衡与慢性肝病的关联。方法 收集高原地区90例慢性肝病（慢性乙型病毒性肝炎30例、乙肝后肝硬化30例、原发性肝癌30例）及25例健康人的粪便,利用高通量基因测序及生物信息学分析技术,探讨慢性肝病患者与健康人之间物种多样性以及不同分类水平上肠道菌群组成是否存在差异。结果 慢性肝病患者肠道菌群多样性较健康人显著降低（Z=1.462,P=0.005）,Beta多样性分析发现慢性肝病患者与健康人肠道菌群组成上差异存在统计学意义（r=0.122,P=0.020）;对慢性肝病组与健康组进行组间肠道菌群差异性分析,发现在门水平上,拟杆菌门在慢性肝病组中富集（Z=1.065,P=0.043）,慢性肝病组内比较发现拟杆菌门在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、乙肝后肝硬化、原发性肝癌患者中的相对丰度呈逐渐减少的趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.050）;属水平上,粪杆菌属在慢性肝病组中富集（Z=1.092,P=0.032）,而肠球菌属分布减少（Z=1.398,P=0.036）,同时慢性肝病患者肠道菌群中一些潜在致病菌如链球菌属、韦荣...     

基于HIS模型建立肝病知识库对军队医院的作用及意义

目的:通过整合302医院丰富的肝病病例、肝病专家诊疗经验和临床科研数据,建立肝病知识库,提高基础资源辅助临床诊疗和科研的能力。方法:对肝病智能知识模型进行分析,获取知识库中结构化知识,并以知识库模型的形式建立知识库,形成一套独立、可重复的智能化的辅助诊疗和科研信息系统,实现知识库辅助临床诊疗、知识科学研究,最大程度发挥知识库的意义,真正为临床服务。结果:建立的基于HIS的肝病知识库主要编配于医疗单位,适用于临床医护人员、临床科研人员以及所有从事医疗行业的工作人员。医护工作者可通过程序访问知识库,对知识库中的肝病知识进行检索、分析、推理,辅助临床医护工作者提高临床诊疗能力,提升临床科研水平。结论:建立的肝病知识库系统为用户提供横向及纵向医疗基础信息的检索、分析及推理方法。推理出的合适的知识模型,为肝病的临床诊疗和临床科研提供前沿、实用、高效的智能辅助信息支持。     

肝细胞程序性坏死与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是目前世界上最常见的慢性肝病,其发病机制尚不清楚。肝细胞死亡与该病的相关性已被广泛报道。程序性坏死是一种细胞死亡形式。研究发现,肝细胞程序性坏死在非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发展过程中发挥重要作用。本文就近年来肝细胞程序性坏死在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的研究进展作一综述,旨在为非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病机制与药物治疗提供新思路。     

Integrating microbiological, microsensor, molecular, and physiologic techniques in the study of coral disease pathogenesis

The study of coral diseases requires an integrated approach that includes a combination of field and laboratory methods. By combining and building upon information available from multiple disciplines, within both field and laboratory applications, we have been successful in characterizing a number of coral diseases. To illustrate the utility of the integrative approach two very different coral diseases, black band disease and plague, are discussed in detail. Comparison of our ongoing characterization of each disease demonstrates that, within the integrative approach, different combinations of microbiological, microsensor, molecular, and physiologic techniques are required. The pathobiology of black band disease, which consists of a complicated, synergistic microbial consortium functioning around a dynamic sulfur cycle, is slowly being unraveled using a combination of methods. Our study of plague, on the other hand, has progressed in a very different manner that is controlled by the fact that this disease has, to date, emerged in three forms on reefs of the Florida Keys. The study of plague types I, II, and III will be detailed to illustrate the difficulty of characterizing a disease that rapidly evolves in the natural environment of the reef. Our ongoing study of additional (also very different) coral diseases will be summarized from the perspective of combined methodologies to illustrate the range and magnitude of questions that must be addressed and answered in order to understand coral disease pathogenesis and thus coral disease etiology.     

我国蜜蜂主要病原检测技术

蜜蜂是重要的经济昆虫。蜜蜂病害威胁蜜蜂产业的发展。蜜蜂病害检测及病原鉴定是病害防治的基础。文章详细介绍我国蜜蜂常见6种主要病害(美洲幼虫腐臭病,欧洲幼虫腐臭病,囊状幼虫病,慢性麻痹病,微孢子虫病,白垩病)的病原快速准确的检测方法。     

Laboratory diagnosis of animal brucellosis]

Brucellosis is still a topical disease both in humans and in animals. The need for a laboratory diagnosis is very important to confirm the disease. The present article reviews the principal techniques used in the laboratory for the diagnosis of brucellosis.     

De la gonorrhée à la blennorragie: Les grandes étapes historiques

This paper examines the history of gonorrhoea and its treatment. It is very probably a very ancient disease that was confused with syphilis for centuries.     

Road to the elimination of schistosomiasis from Asia: the journey is far from over

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with a very long endemic history in Asia. Great strides have been made to control the disease in China and the Philippines but the road to elimination is far from over, given the zoonotic nature of the schistosome parasites in both countries.     

Restoration of the immune balance by autologous bone marrow transplantation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most frequent autoimmune diseases in childhood and is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial fluid in joints. Several drugs are available for the treatment of JIA, including various biological agents that interfere with critical cytokine pathways. Though very effective in suppressing disease activity, none of these drugs can cure the disease and induce a lasting medication free remission. A small proportion of JIA patients will become or are unresponsive to any form of medical treatment. For these severely ill patients autologous bone marrow transplantation (aBMT) is a last resort treatment. aBMT is remarkably effective in suppressing disease activity, with beneficial outcome reported in around 70% of these previously refractory patients. Moreover aBMT is the only treatment that can induce a lasting medication-free-disease remission in these patients. In the very long term (after 7 years of remission) however, some disease relapses are observed, with the disease returning in a less severe form compared to prior aBMT. The exact mechanism of how aBMT is inducing this lasting disease remission is still largely unknown, but data from both animal models and humans suggest a prominent role for regulatory T cells. In this review we reviewed the current views of the cellular mechanisms that lay beneath disease induction of JIA and the disease remission caused by aBMT therapy.     

Molecular pathogenesis of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2 is an inherited axonal motor and sensory neuropathy. It is very heterogenous, both clinically and genetically. Till present, 15 types of CMT2, 14 loci and 13 genes are known to be causative of CMT2. Studying mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis is very important for finding a therapy for patients but the diversity of proteins involved in pathogenesis makes this very difficult. Proteins involved in molecular pathogenesis are e.g. proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane with opposite functions (mitofusin 2 and GDAP1) responsible for fusion and fission of the mitochondrial network. Mutations also occur in genes encoding tRNA-synthetases, neuronal cytoskeletal protein, cation channel protein and molecular chaperones. This review presents knowledge of CMT2 and possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the disease.     

Amaurosis fugax is in the first place, during attack, medical emergency for ophthalmologist's practice

This paper is focused on disease Amaurosis Fugax (AF), indicating the necessary urgent therapy in attack of illnesses. In attack, the patient represents ophthalmic case, because of vision lost, but primary process and cause exists even earlier and very often is of chronical character. Authors emphasize sequencing in therapy of AF and accentuate that in 24 hours the cause of the disease may be defined. AF is a syndrome with very different etiopathogenesis, including also big complexity in diagnosis and therapy.     

Effect of systemic diseases on clonal integration: modelling approach

Systemic disease spread has been suggested as a possible disadvantage of clonal plant integration. As connected ramets have higher risk of being infected, disease should cause a selective pressure against clonality. Since experimental tests of this hypothesis are not easy to perform, we chose a modelling approach, by which we could easily separate different factors influencing the process. We used a spatially explicit model of clonal growth with disease spread implemented and we tested the hypothesis that systemic disease decreases the competitive ability of highly integrated clonal plants when compared to less integrated plants with the same parameters. In contrast to our expectations, the integrator was competitively stronger than the splitter in most cases and it lost only when the disease severity and infection rates were very high. We think that the larger the integrated network is, the better the plant utilises its translocation ability. Even a very small amount of resource sharing greatly increased the relative success of the integrator and larger integrators were competitively stronger than the smaller ones. Our results also indicate that although the same infection rate caused more systemic disease in the integrator than in the splitter population, the disease has only a limited potential to select for the splitter strategy. This is caused not only by the advantages of the clonal integration but also by the fact that there is only a small range of infection rates at which there is sufficient difference in disease impact between the strategies.