中国西北轮藻属新分类群

本文报道了采自甘肃、新疆及宁夏的轮藻植物,计有：2个新种(兰州轮藻Chara lanzhouensis sp. nov., 拟球状轮藻 Chara pseudoglobularis sp. nov．),1个新记录(弯枝轮藻Chara arcuatifolia Vilhelm．)。     

尼泊尔克里雅(Churia)群之比奈科拉(Binai Khola)组下段轮藻化石的发现及其意义

该文研究的轮藻化石采自尼泊尔中西部阿龙科拉地区的比奈科拉组下段。轮藻化石有Nitellopsis (Tectochara)globula(Madler)Grambast et Soulie-Marsche,Chara molassica Straub,C.gigantofusiformis(Yang),Rantzieniella binaiensis sp.nov.,Gyrogona arungensis sp.nov.和Lychnotharnnuspseudoodea(Berger)Soulie-Marsche等,此轮藻化石植物群属新第三纪,可能为中新世晚期。克里雅群轮藻的研究将增添南亚新第三纪地质生态研究的内容。     

中国轮藻新分类群

本文报道了轮藻科2新种、1新变种、5个中国新记录：嫩江丽藻Nitella nenjiangensis sp. nov.,轮苞轮藻 Chara vertillibracteata sp. nov., 球状轮藻北京变种 Chara globularis Thuiller var. beijingensis var. nov., 腋生丽藻 Nitella axillaris Braun, 卷曲丽藻N. crispa Imah.,柔细丽藻N. gracillima Allan, 拟扇形丽藻不完全变种N. pseudoflabellata var. imperialis,阿鲁轮藻Chara arrudensis Mendes.     

山西轮藻属新植物

本文报道采自山西省的轮藻属植物2个新种,运城轮藻Chara yunchengensis,拟灰色轮藻C.pseudocanescens和3个中国新记录,阿尔泰轮藻C.altaica,豪威轮藻C.howeana,味美轮藻簇毛变种C.delicatula var.barbata     

哈萨克斯坦北部轮藻植物的分布与生态学研究

哈萨克斯坦北部已发现26种轮藻植物,其中以Kockchetav丘陵地区最为丰富。轮藻植物生长的盐度范围为0．2—44．9g／L,一般生长于盐度不超过1—5(8)g／L的淡水或微咸水环境。在盐度高达41．1—44．9g／L的水体中,仅发现Lamprothamnium papulosum。轮藻植物生长的最大水深为7m,多数种生长的水深不超过1m。轮藻生长的主要底质类型为砂及粉砂质。一些种类如Chara kirghisorum,C．glopbularis,C．tomentosa和Nitellopsis obtusa构成稳定的植被,而其它种类构成湖区周期性干涸环境中短时间生长的水生大型植物群落的一部分。     

轮藻—观察原生质和精子运动的好材料

在具真核的淡水藻类中,轮藻属(Chara)是一种结构复杂、进化水平较高的类群,它们在植物系统学教学和科研中是不可缺少的典型材料。笔者在教学实践中发现,轮藻也是观察植物活细胞原生质流动及游动精子的最佳材料。由于轮藻在室内栽     

中国轮藻植物区系研究

中国轮藻植物有13种分布区类型,其中以中国特有分布占绝对优势,其它分布类型所占比例较低,说明中国轮藻植物与其它地区轮藻植物联系较少。丽藻属有10种分布区类型,缺少温带特性的分布区类型,如北温带分布、旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示丽藻属主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,而轮藻属有13种分布区类型,温带特性的分布区类型所占比例较高,如旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示轮藻属主要分布在温带地区。     

贵州轮藻新分类群和新记录

本文报道采自贵州的轮藻植物,计有4个新种(平滑丽藻Nitella rasilis sp．nov., 沼泽丽藻N．paludosa sp．nov.,拟乳突丽藻N．pseudopapillata sp．nov． 贵州丽藻N．guizhouensis sp．nov．);1个新变种(奇异丽藻疏枝变种N．mirabilis var. libera var. nov.);3个新记录(笔状丽藻N．penicillata Braun缅甸轮藻Chara burmanica Pal,普生轮藻裸枝变种C．vulgaris var. gymnophylla (A．Br.) Nyman), 而拟松形轮藻 C. pseudohydropitys Imahori为大陆首次发现。     

山西省辛安泉泉域大型藻类的研究

1995~2003年间,对山西省辛安泉域的藻类植物进行了4次采集,共采得藻类植物标本71号,已鉴定出的大型藻类植物36种,隶属6门, 11科, 18属。其中,以绿藻门的种类最多,有4科8属19种;其次是蓝藻门,有2科5属11种;再次为黄藻门,有2科2属3种;排在最后的是红藻门,硅藻门和轮藻门,分别仅有1科1属1种。群落主要包括4类,即刚毛藻群落(Cladophora community),无隔藻群落(Vaucheria community),水绵-双星藻群落(Spirogyra-Zygnema community)和轮藻群落(Chara community)。     

准噶尔盆地南缘呼2井晚白垩世、古新世轮藻植物群的发现及其意义

准噶尔盆地南缘的露头剖面经过数十年的生物地层研究,一直未发现可靠的晚白垩世和古新世轮藻植物群。1995年,在准噶尔盆地南缘覆盖区的呼图壁背斜上钻探了呼2井,于井下3085-3588m井段发现了丰富的轮藻化石,其面貌迥异于地面所见的各轮藻组合。通过对该轮藻植物群的系统研究,发现其中含轮藻化石17属23种5比较种和3变种,包括1新种。根据各属种的时代分布,建立了两个组合：1．晚白垩世Chara tenuis-Horni-chara prolixa-Mesochar of．biacuta组合,大致相当于马斯特里赫特期;2．古新世Stephanochara cuneiformis-Grovesichara kielani-Sphaerochara nana组合。本文的研究成果完善了准噶尔盆地南缘的轮藻组合序列,同时也揭示了准噶尔盆地南缘凹陷区从边部向中心,随沉积条件的变化,地层层序趋于完整。     

LYCHNOTHAMNUS BARBATUS(轮藻植物)的生态与保护研究

轮藻植物属Lychnothamnus(Rupr．)Leonh．自晚始新世即有化石代表,在上新世繁盛且分布广泛,此后分异度降低、分布范围缩减,延续至今仅存1种：L．barbatus(Meyen)Leonh．。上世纪末叶前该种还曾广泛分布于欧洲、印度、中国、巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚,而后该种在澳大利亚曾经留有记录的产地消失,直到1996年才被再次发现。本文描述了澳大利亚L．barbatus的居群特征,包括植株、卵囊球和藏卵器形态特征以及萌发生态学的实验研究结果。讨论该种的野外生态学、共生种、全球范围的分布与丰度特征,探讨该种衰落的原因并提出植物保护方案。     

西藏台错晚第四纪轮藻类的新类型

本文的研究材料来自西藏羌塘高原西部台错古湖一个3.69 m的天然剖面,其地层测年为32.6-4.5ka.从其156个样品中获取大量的轮藻类、介形类和腹足类及少量有孔虫等微体化石.据轮藻类藏卵器外形,顶部结构、螺旋细胞钙化式样等特征,该剖面的轮藻类应归属于轮藻科Characeae之轮藻属Chara.经研究得知,台错古湖在...     

Molecular phylogeography of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes, Linnaeus (1758)): evidence for high genetic diversity and multiple refugia in the Balkan peninsula

The nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) occurs in a large part of the south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed for a total of 59 specimens using sequences from three mitochondrial regions (16S and cytochrome b genes, and control region, totalling 2308 bp). A considerable number of clades were observed within this species, showing a large genetic diversity within the Balkan peninsula. Splitting of the basal clades was evaluated to about 4 million years ago. Genetic results are in contradiction with presently accepted taxonomy based on morphological characters: V. a. gregorwallneri and V. a. ruffoi do not display any genetic difference compared with the nominotypic subspecies (V. a. ammodytes), involving that these subspecies can be regarded as synonyms. High genetic divergence in the central part of the Balkan peninsula is not concordant with low morphological differentiation. Finally, the extensive genetic diversity within the Balkan peninsula and the colonisation routes are discussed.     

Red Data List of Charophytes in the Balkans

The occurrence of 47 species of all the six recent genera of charophytes recorded in the Balkans is demonstrated. Our aim was to assess their status of threat according to the 2001 IUCN threat categories and criteria, in order to establish the Red List of Charophytes distributed in the Balkan Peninsula. The List underlines the diversity of charophytes in this part of the world and provides guidelines for its conservation. Analysis of the charophytes in each category of threat has provided a general overview of their distribution, species richness, population features and possibility of survival throughout the various regions of the Balkan Peninsula.     

VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF CHAROPHYTES AS OVIPOSITION DETERRENTS OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)1

Four populations of charophytes (including three species), Chara inconnexa T. F. Allen (populations 1 and 2), C. vulgaris L., and Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves, were studied for effective chemicals as oviposition deterrents of Culex pipiens pallens. The charophyte volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were retained in Tenax GR, subsequently desorbed using a thermal desorption cold trap injector (TCT), and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to elucidate that charophytes have repellent properties. C. inconnexa (1) and C. inconnexa (2) exhibited strong repellent activities, and C. vulgaris showed some repellent activity against C. pipiens pallens with terpenes and benzothiazole playing major roles, while N. obtusa lacked those compounds and did not have an effect. These results suggest that charophytes have potential application as pesticides, but there are interspecific differences. In addition, benzene hydrocarbons were among the volatiles in Chara but not in N. obtusa, implying that some charophytes could be used to absorb these compounds.     

Diversity of communities and quantitative parameters of hydrobionts in lakes of the Onon-Toreisk Plain

The diversity of communities and the quantitative parameters of hydrobionts of 17 lakes of the Onon-Toreisk Plain in Northeastern Mongolia during the low-water period are analyzed. The organisms revealed in the lakes include 35 species of phytoplankton, 35 species of zoobenthos, 31 species of zooplankton, and 14 species of hydrophytes. Chara virgata, a representative of charophytes, was revealed in Mongolia for the first time. The greatest species diversity of the communities of hydrobionts is seen in oligohaline lakes. The highest quantitative parameters of communities of phytoplankton and zoobenthos are typical for Gurmiin Lake.     

Ecological preferences of charophytes in Serbia in relation to habitat type and other aquatic macrophytes

The study presented is an attempt to explain variance in charophyte presence for the territory of Serbia by using several environmental parameters and to find a connection between certain species of charophytes and aquatic macrophytes found growing with them. Environmental parameters used were habitat type, water depth, altitude and four bioclimatic parameters extracted from the WorldClim set of global climate layers. The data used are an outcome of gathering all available literature and herbarium data on charophytes in Serbia ending with the first decade of twenty-first century, and were not systematically collected for the purpose of this study. Of 22 analyzed charophytes, 8 of them are in endangered and 4 in vulnerable IUCN threat categories for the Balkan region. The analyses performed were indicator species analysis (ISA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA). ISA distinguished four species of Charophyta as indicators of specific habitat types. Percentages of variance explained were 18.98% and 19.91% for CCA and pCCA, respectively. Depth and altitude were shown to be the most significant environmental factors explaining charophyte occurrence.     

轮藻植物在澳大利亚的重新发现之探密

澳大利亚轮藻植物研究历史悠久,迄今约有95种被描记。在Wood(1972)对澳大利亚轮藻植物的修订研究中,一些种因为标本遗失或已损坏而未包括在内,其中有的种近年来又被重新发现。本文重点介绍Nitella hookeri A．Br．var．arthroglochin A．Br．,Lychnothamnus barbatus(Meyen)Leonh．和Nitella partita Nordst．的发现过程及其产地生态环境,探讨了季节性湿地对轮藻植物的保护意义。N．hookeri var．arthroglochin早在1854年就发现于澳大利亚,并于1887年再次作为澳大利亚特有物种而被记录,然而从此销声匿迹,直至1989年才再度问世,它重新出现的地点为新南威尔士州高海拔花岗岩风化土壤地区的季节性溪流中。L．barbatus则为R．D．Wood首次发现于1960年,嗣后一再搜寻并无踪迹,直到1996年才于昆士兰东南地区亚热带阵发性溪流中被再次发现。昆士兰中部干旱地区1889年一度见到的N．partita,也是近一百年后才在新南威尔士州西北干旱地区的季节性湿地再次发现。     

The use of morphometric characteristics in the identification of two morphologically similar charophytes: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chara globularis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chara virgata</Emphasis>

The study reports results of morphometric measurements of two morphologically similar charophytes, Chara globularis Thuill. and Chara virgata Kütz.. Although both species differ in ecological spectra, they can co-occur in the same lakes. Morphological differences given in identification keys can be problematic in the field study. Therefore, additional features were tested and suggested as possibly useful, supplementary differences. 10 individuals of both species growing under similar conditions (littoral of a meromictic, mesotrophic lake, mid-Western Poland) were collected in the vegetation season 2005. Statistical tests evidenced that out of 9 features 6 differed the studied species. Axis diameter, the length of internodes and the length of branchlets revealed the most significant differences. Chara virgata is smaller than Chara globularis even in similar or common habitats. The proposed branchlet length: internode length ratio, higher for Chara virgata than for Chara globularis, can be applied as a useful measure for the species differentiation, particularly under conditions where both charophytes co-occur.     

中国现生轮藻研究现状

中国是轮藻的主要产地,记有5属、152种、39变种,且半数以上为中国特有种、变种,其研究对世界轮藻研究意义重大。然而我国的相关研究起步晚,虽在20世纪的80年代进行了较为全面的资源调查,但其后的研究几乎处于停顿状态,尽管一些单位在轮藻生理、细胞学、多样性以及现生与化石轮藻研究的相关性等方面有着良好的研究苗头,却未能得到足够的重视,使我国现生轮藻研究大大落后于国际同行。积极寻求项目支持,打开现生轮藻研究新局面是我们的当务之急。