A new lymphocyte alloantigen (Ly-10) controlled by a gene linked to theLyt-1 locus

Spleen cells from a (BALB/cxC57BL/6)F₁ mouse immunized with CBA/J spleen cells were fused with the myeloma cell line NS-1. One of the six established hybrid cell lines continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity, tentatively called Ly-10.1. This newly found antigen is expressed on thymocytes, on splenic T and B cells, on bone-marrow cells, and on the cells derived from brain, kidney and liver. It is also expressed on a continuous cell line, 416B, with stem-cell characteristics. The unique tissue distribution and, furthermore, a distinct strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-10.1 from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigen. On the basis of reactivity with cells of the C57BL/6-Lyt-1^a congenic strain, one gene governing Ly-10 expression is assigned to the Lyt-1 region of chromosome 19.We chose the notation Ly-10 rather than Ly-9 to allow for a future decision that Lgp 100 (Ledbetter et al. 1979) should be renamed Ly-9.     

A new lymphocyte alloantigen (Ly-10) controlled by a gene linked to the Lyt-1 locus

Spleen cells from a (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 mouse immunized with CBA/J spleen cells were fused with the myeloma cell line NS-1. One of the six established hybrid cell lines continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity, tentatively called "Ly-10.1". This newly found antigen is expressed on thymocytes, on splenic T and B cells, on bone-marrow cells, and on the cells derived from brain, kidney and liver. It is also expressed on a continuous cell line, 416B, with stem-cell characteristics. The unique tissue distribution and, furthermore, a distinct strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-10.1 from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigen. On the basis of reactivity with cells of the C57BL/6-Lyt-1a congenic strain, one gene governing Ly-10 expression is assigned to the Lyt-1 region of chromosome 19.     

Ly-m11: TheH-3 region of mouse chromosome 2 controls a new surface alloantigen

Spleen cells from an SJL mouse immunized with B10.S spleen cells were fused with the nonsecretor myeloma line NS.1. One established hybrid cell line continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity, tentatively called Ly-mll. This newly found antigen is detectable on nearly 100 percent of spleen and lymph-node cells, 70 percent of bone-marrow cells, and 20 percent of thymus cells by direct cytotoxicity assays, and on the cells derived from kidney and liver. Strains that are Ly-mll (+) include C57BL/6, C57BL/10J, B10.S, C57BR/cdJ, C57L/J, and C57BL/KsJ. Other mouse strains so far tested are Ly-m11 (–). The strain distribution pattern distinguished Ly-mll from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigens, but it follows theH-3 ^a haplotype which is defined by skin transplantation. Linkage tests of nine congenic strains ofH-3 and/orH-13/a loci and five recombinant inbred lines including CXB, BXH, AKXL, SWXL, and BXD revealed no recombinations betweensH-3 andLy-m11 loci on chromosome 2. This newly discovered Ly-m11 alloantigen could itself constitute a minor histocompatibility antigen detectable by serological means.Abbreviations used in this paper RI recombinant inbred - H histocompatibility - a non-agouti - B10 C57BL/10Sn The prefix m (monoclonal) is used following a suggestion by Klein and co-workers (1979).     

A human cell-surface antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody and controlled by a gene on chromosome 12

A murine monoclonal antibody 602-29, subclass IgG1, that recognizes an antigenic determinant expressed by most human cells is described. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis analysis indicate that the antigenic determinant is carried by a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 21,000. The antigen is expressed by human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, and analysis of segregants that have lost human chromosomes indicates that the gene controlling expression of the 602-29 antigen is on chromosome 12.     

Ly-m11: the H-3 region of mouse chromosome 2 controls a new surface alloantigen

Spleen cells from an SJL mouse immunized with B10.S spleen cells were fused with the nonsecretor myeloma line NS.1. One established hybrid cell line continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity, tentatively called "Ly-m11." This newly found antigen is detectable on nearly 100 percent of spleen and lymph-node cells, 70 percent of bone-marrow cells, and 20 percent of thymus cells by direct cytotoxicity assays, and on the cells derived from kidney and liver. Strains that are Ly-m11 (+) include C57BL/6, C57BL/10J, B10.S, C57BR/cdJ, C57L/J, and C57BL/KsJ. Other mouse strains so far tested are Ly-m11 (-). The strain distribution pattern distinguished Ly-m11 from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigens, but it follows the H-3 alpha haplotype which is defined by skin transplantation. Linkage tests of nine congenic strains of H-3 and/or H-13/alpha loci and five recombinant inbred lines including CXB, BXH, AKXL, SWXL, and BXD revealed no recombinations between H-3 and Ly-m11 loci on chromosome 2. This newly discovered Ly-m11 alloantigen could itself constitute a minor histocompatibility antigen detectable by serological means.     

A new mouse cell-surface antigen (Ly-m20) controlled by a gene linked to Mls locus and defined by monoclonal antibodies

Five monoclonal antibodies were established by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells (NS.1) with spleen cells from A and (A x C3H/An)F₁ mice hyperimmunized with 70Z/3 tumor cells. These antibodies recognized a new antigenic specificity provisionally called Ly-m20.2. In direct cytotoxicity assays, 60 percent of cells in spleen, 40 percent in lymph node, 50 percent in bone marrow and less than 5 percent in thymus were found to react with three of the five antibodies, whereas the two others yielded somewhat lower cytotoxicity indices. The Ly-m20.2 antigen was also expressed on cells derived from liver and kidney but not on cells derived from brain. As judged from cytotoxicity assays with separated T and B cells, Ly-m20.2 antigen is carried preferentially on B lymphocytes. Direct plaque-forming cells (PFC) were completely eliminated by Ly-m20.2-specific antibody and complement. Linkage tests by analysis in 20 (CBA/J x C3H/An) x C3H/An backcross mice and by segregation analysis of BXH and SWXL recombinant inbred strains indicate close association of the loci controlling Ly-m20.2 and Mls antigens on chromosome 1.Abbreviations used in this paper MLR mixed lymphocyte reaction - MHC major histocompatibility complex - Mls minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen - Ia I-region associated - PFC plaque-forming cell - SRBC sheep red blood cell - Con A concanavalin A - LPS lipopolysaccharide - GVH graft-versus-host - HVG host-versus-graft - CML cell-mediated lympholysis - LD lymph ocyte-defined - SD serologically defined The prefix m (monoclonal) is used following a suggestion by Klein and co-workers (1979).     

Role of Ly-6 in lymphocyte activation. I. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a nonpolymorphic Ly-6 specificity

In studies with alloantisera and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) a number of antigenic determinants have been defined that are the products of the Ly-6 locus on murine chromosome 2 and that are expressed primarily on B and T lymphoid cells. It remains controversial whether these antigenic determinants are encoded by a single gene or a multigene complex. We have characterized a new rat mAb, D7, which recognizes a cell surface antigen whose expression on nonactivated peripheral lymphocytes varies from strain to strain. The phenotype of the staining profile, i.e., high or low percentage of D7-positive cells, mapped to the Ly-6 locus as assayed by strain distribution studies, RI lines, and Ly-6 congenic strains. The binding of D7 to Ly-6.1-positive strains could be inhibited by mAb directed to the Ly-6E.1 specificity, whereas D7 could inhibit the binding of mAb specific for Ly-6A.2 to cells from Ly-6.2-positive strains. Coprecipitation studies followed by Western blot analysis confirmed that D7 reacts with both Ly-6E.1- and Ly-6A.2-bearing molecules. The most likely explanation for these findings is that Ly-6A.2 and Ly-6E.1 represent allelic specificities. Further dissection of the complexity of the Ly-6 antigen system and determination of its possible functional importance in lymphocyte activation should be greatly facilitated by the availability of xenogeneic mAb that recognize framework determinants on multiple Ly-6 products.     

Assignment of the gene governing cellular ouabain resistance to Mus musculus chromosome 3 using human/mouse microcell hybrids

Human/mouse microcell hybrids were used to establish the assignment of the gene governing resistance to the cardiac glycoside ouabain (Oua-1) to Mus musculus chromosome 3. Microcells were prepared from primary mouse embryo fibroblasts and fused with HeLa S3 cells, and microcell hybrids were isolated and maintained in medium containing 10^–6 m ouabain. Resistance to ouabain was not expressed concordantly with any of 26 murine isozyme markers. Karyotypic analysis of five primary clones showed that one to five murine chromosomes had been transferred from donor to recipient in these experiments. Only mouse chromosome 3 was common to all ouabain-resistant primary clones. Both ouabain-resistant and -sensitive subclones were isolated from hybrids grown in the absence of selective pressure, and karyotyping showed that loss of resistance to ouabain was concordant with the loss of murine chromosome 3.These studies were supported by Grant GM9966 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Ly-m19: The Lyb-2 region of mouse chromosome 4 controls a new surface alloantigen

Spleen cells from an SJL mouse immunized with 70'/3 cells, an established pre-B cell line, were fused with cells of the nonsecretor myeloma line NS.1. One established hybridoma cell line (clone K10.6) continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity tentatively named Ly-m19. This newly found antigen is detectable on both T and B cells. Cytotoxicity assays reveal that 75 percent of the spleen and lymph-node cells, 35 percent of bone-marrow cells, and 15 percent of thymus cells reacted with antibody of clone K10.6. Strains expressing the specificity Ly-m19.1 are characterized by negative reactions and include the strains AKR, CE/J, RF/J, GR/A, SJL, P/J, BDP/J, and LG/J. All other strains so far tested are Ly-m19.2. This strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-m19 from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigen, but it parallels the Lyb-2^c haplotype. Linkage test of a set of AKXL recombinant inbred strains revealed close linkage of Ly-m19 and Lyb-2 loci on mouse chromosome 4.Abbreviations used in this paper LPS lipopolysaccharide - B6 C57BL/6 - Con-A concanavalin A - MLC mixed-lymphocyte cultureThe prefix m (monoclonal) is used following a suggestion by Klein and co-workers (1979).     

Thy-2: A murine thymocyte-brain alloantigen controlled by a gene linked to the major histocompatibility complex

We describe a new murine cell-surface alloantigen, provisionally designated Thy-2, which is expressed primarily on thymocytes and brain tissue. Although Thy-2 is also expressed at lower levels on bone-marrow and spleen cells, this antigen does not appear to be present on lymph-node, liver, or red blood cells. Immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled thymocyte extracts from a variety of inbred strains reveals this antigen to be a single polypeptide of 150 000 daltons. Quantitative membrane immunofluorescence demonstrates that Thy-2 is a minor cell-surface component which is present on the majority of thymocytes. Mice heterozygous at theThy-2 locus express approximately 50 percent as much antigen as positive homozygotes. Expression of the Thy-2 alloantigen is controlled by a single semidominant gene located approximately 3 cM to the right of theH-2K locus on chromosome 17.