知识的载体 智慧的力量

2009年5月,繁花烂漫的季节,高等教育出版社迎来了55周年华诞,《生命世界》杂志也走过了5年不平凡的历程。我们出版的高质量的教材和学术著作为我国的生命科学人才培养和学科建设发挥了积极的重要作用,受到了广大师生和科研人员的欢迎。《生命世界》在传播生命科学知识、提高大众科学素养方面起到了很好的作用,全国人大常委会副委员长、中国科学院院长路甬祥院士和全国人大常委会副委员长、中国科协主席、     

知识的载体 智慧的力量

2009年5月,繁花烂漫的季节,高等教育出版社迎来了55周年华诞,《生命世界》杂志也走过了5年不平凡的历程。我们出版的高质量的教材和学术著作为我国的生命科学人才培养和学科建设发挥了积极的重要作用,受到了广大师生和科研人员的欢迎。《生命世界》在传播生命科学知识、提高大众科学素养方面起到了很好的作用,全国人大常委会副委员长、中国科学院院长路甬祥院士和全国人大常委会副委员长、中国科协主席、     

我国中生代的Margaritiferidae和它的演化

对我国中生代珍珠蚌科内的属、种进行了较系统的修订，归并了１科、１亚属、１０种，并据这些属、种纵向、横向的分布情况及其壳形、壳饰、内部构造等特征，进一步探讨了它们的起源和演化规律。     

生物信息学的研究现状及其发展问题的探讨

结合生物信息学产生的历史条件,对生物信息学的定义进行了介绍;归纳总结了现代生物信息表述、采集、储存、传递、检索的表现形式-生物学数据库的分类与分布;着重介绍了生物信息学的主要研究内容和基本的分析方法,阐明了生物信息的分析和解读模式;强调了生物信息学与其他相关学科的相关性,提出了生物信息学发展的一些亟待解决的问题及其相应的解决方案。     

磁场的生物学效应及其机理的研究

本文就不同参数的磁场的生物学效应研究进行了综述,总结了磁场对生命体整体、组织、器官、细胞直至生物大分子层面上的研究成果,并结合实验结果对磁场生物学效应的可能物理机制进行了初步探讨,并对磁场生物学效应的研究前景进行了展望。     

生命的化学

世界是由物质构成的,化学就是专门研究物质的组成、结构、性质及其变化规律的科学。化学的研究起源于人类的生产活动,19世纪以来化学取得了一系列重要进展,提出了原子分子学说、分子结构学说、元素周期律、化学热力学和化学动力学理论,奠定了现代化学的理论基础。     

改良型抗菌肽的研究进展

长期滥用抗生素导致了耐药菌株“超级细菌”的出现,增加了动物、人类健康和环境污染风险．寻找抗生素替代品正成为全球研究热点,抗菌肽因其高效抗菌效果和不同于抗生素的独特作用机制引起了各国研究者的关注,并进行了相关研究．然而抗菌肽的安全性、稳定性、生产成本等问题限制了其生产与应用．为了克服这些不利因素,研究者们对抗菌肽进行了多种方式的改造,产生了模拟型、同源型、杂合型、轭合型、稳定型和固位型等改良型抗菌肽,并有望在畜牧业、食品业、医药业等领域得到广泛的应用．本文主要综述了这些改良型抗菌肽近年来的研究进展．     

溶菌酶的结晶研究

介绍了溶菌酶结晶的意义,通过对晶核形成、晶体生长和停止生长三个阶段的论述,详细地阐述了溶菌酶的结晶机理;并综述了结晶过程中的各个影响因素:蛋白质浓度、pH值、添加剂、生长温度及重力场、磁场等;展望了溶菌酶结晶研究的发展趋势和发展前景。     

塔拉没食子酸的研究进展

塔拉为珍贵经济林木,豆荚富含单宁,其水解没食子酸可制取焦性没食子酸、没食子酸甲脂等系列产品。本文简单分析了塔拉市场现状,简述了没食子酸的四种制备方法,主要包括酸法、碱法、发酵法及酶法,并简单分析了四种制备工艺存在的主要问题,介绍了其在食品、化工、医药等领域的应用,并对没食子酸的制备与应用研究进行了展望。     

肝素钠的生产及其存在的问题和解决的方法(Ⅱ)

本文就粗品肝素钠生产的原料控制、硬件设施、管理和环保等方面进行了论述,介绍了一些改进的方法和措施,并就该方面的一些问题进行了探讨,提出了解决的方法.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Discounting of sequences of delayed rewards of different amounts

The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the magnitude effect is present in cases where delayed sequences of rewards are discounted. The magnitude effect refers to the inverse relationship between the amount of a reward and the steepness of temporal discounting. This study was conducted with a computer program to estimate the indifference points, which served as indicators of the present subjective value of delayed sequences of small and large rewards. In the indifference point the subjective value of a single, immediate reward was equal to the subjective value of the delayed sequence (or to the value of a single delayed reward). As a control condition, we added an experimental task involving choices between single immediate and single delayed rewards. The experiment showed that the sequences of large rewards are discounted less steeply than are the sequences of small rewards. This finding suggests that the magnitude effect is present within the delayed sequences of rewards. In addition, when outcomes are relatively large, the results suggest that a single reward is discounted less steeply than the sequence of a total nominal value equal to this single reward. However, for relatively small rewards, the difference is not statistically significant. The less steep discounting of sequences of large rewards may explain the reward-bundling effect, which refers to less steep discounting of longer sequences than of shorter ones: longer sequences usually have greater overall nominal value. The present study was conducted on hypothetical rewards, and the results should be validated using real rewards.     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Estimation of the Timing of Perinatal Transmission of HIV

Knowledge of the timing of perinatal transmission of HIV would be valuable for the determination and evaluation of preventive treatments and would shed light on the mechanism of transmission. Estimation of the distribution of the time of perinatal transmission is difficult, however, because tests of infection status can only be undertaken after birth. DNA and RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and HIV culture have been the most commonly used diagnostic tests for perinatal HIV infection. Such tests have high sensitivity and specificity, except when they are given shortly after infection. In this paper we use the time-dependent sensitivity of these diagnostic tests to make nonparametric and semiparametric inferences about the distribution of the time of perinatal HIV transmission as well as the cumulative probability of perinatal transmission. The methods are illustrated with data from a clinical trial conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trials group.