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1.
Takahashi T Sakaguchi E 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2000,170(7):531-535
The bacterial level of soft feces is higher than that of hard feces in nutrias. This suggests the heterogeneity of bacterial
density in the large intestine. To show the heterogeneity of bacteria in the contents of the large intestine in nutrias, we
divided the contents of the large intestine into 12 regions, then measured the nitrogen (N), total amino acids (TAA) and diaminopimelic
acid (DAP), a bacterial marker, of these regions. Levels of N, TAA and DAP varied along the cross section of the proximal
colon. The greater curvature of the main lumen and furrow had higher N, TAA and DAP concentrations than the lesser curvature.
We also examined the involvement of the furrow in producing two types of feces differing in bacterial nitrogen content by
surgically preventing the flow of the furrow contents. We compared the concentrations of N, TAA and DAP between soft and hard
feces among operated, sham-operated and intact animals. Surgical closure of the furrow abolished the difference in levels
of N, TAA and DAP between soft and hard feces, suggesting that the furrow of the proximal colon is responsible for making
the bacterial density higher in soft feces than in hard feces.
Accepted: 13 July 2000 相似文献
2.
Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Productive Performance,Serum and Milk Se Concentrations,and Antioxidant Status of Sows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huijuan Hu Min Wang XiuAn Zhan Xing Li RuQian Zhao 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):471-480
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different selenium (Se) sources on productive performance, serum and
milk Se concentrations, and antioxidant status of sows. A total of 12 sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with same pregnancy were randomly
divided into two groups; each group was replicated six times. These two groups received the same basal gestation and lactation
diets containing 0.042 mg Se/kg, supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg sodium selenite or selenomethionine (i.e., seneno-dl-methylseleno), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days, with 32 and 28 days for gestation and lactation period,
respectively. Compared with sodium selenite, maternal selenomethionine intake significantly increased (P < 0.05) the weaning litter weight and average weight of piglet. The Se concentration in the serum, colostrum, and milk of
sows were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the selenomethionine-treated group. The antioxidant status was greatly improved in sows of selenomethionine-treated
group and was illuminated by the increased total antioxidant capability (T-AOC; P < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.01) level in the serum of sows, increased T-AOC (P < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and GSH (P < 0.05), and MDA (P < 0.05) level in the colostrum and milk of sows. These results suggested that maternal selenomethionine intake improved Se
concentration and antioxidant status of sows, thus maintain maternal health and increase productive performance after Se was
transferred to its offspring. 相似文献
3.
Forty-eight 2-year-old Liaoning Cashmere goats (body weight = 38.0 ± 2.94 kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary
iodine (I) and selenium (Se) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, serum thyroid hormones, and antioxidant status during
the cashmere telogen period to learn more about the effects of dietary I and Se on nutrition or health status of Cashmere
goats. The goats were equally divided into six groups of eight animals each that were treated with 0, 2, or 4 mg of supplemental
I/kg dry matter (DM) and 0 or 1 mg of supplemental Se/kg DM in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The six treatments
were I0Se0, I2Se0, I4Se0, I0Se1, I2Se1, and I4Se1. The concentrations of I and Se in the basal diet were 0.67 and 0.09 mg/kg DM, respectively. The study started in March and
proceeded for 45 days. Supplemental I or Se alone had no effect on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism. However,
the interaction between I and Se was significant regarding the digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF; P < 0.05), and compared with group I4Se1, the digestibility of ADF was significantly increased in group I4Se0 (P < 0.05). Selenium supplementation did not affect serum triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) concentrations. However, the concentration of serum T4 but not that of T3 was significantly increased with I supplementation (P < 0.05). In addition, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not affected (P > 0.05), but serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly decreased by I supplementation (P < 0.05). The antioxidant status was improved by Se supplementation, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly
increased (P < 0.05). 相似文献
4.
Beob G. Kim Julye M. Adams Brian A. Jackson Merlin D. Lindemann 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(2):171-180
Dietary chromium(III) picolinate (CrPic) effects on circulating steroid hormones have been reported in various experimental
animals. However, direct effects of CrPic on adrenocortical steroidogenesis are uncertain. Therefore, the objective was to
determine the effects of CrPic on cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs) secretion from H295R cells. In experiment
1, a 24-h exposure to CrPic (0 to 200 μM) had both linear (p < 0.001) and quadratic (p < 0.001) effects on cortisol secretion from forskolin-stimulated cells with the highest cortisol secretion at 0.1 μM of CrPic
and the lowest at 200 μM of CrPic. In experiment 2, a 48-h exposure to CrPic (200 μM) decreased cortisol (p < 0.07) release from forskolin-stimulated cells during a 24-h collection period. In experiment 3, a 48-h exposure to CrPic
(100 μM) decreased cortisol (p < 0.05) and DHEAs (p < 0.01) from forskolin-stimulated cells during a 24-h sampling period. In experiment 4, a 24-h exposure to forskolin followed
by a 24-h exposure to both forskolin and CrPic (100 and 200 μM) decreased both cortisol and DHEAs secretion (p < 0.01). This study suggests that at high concentrations, CrPic inhibits aspects of steroidogenesis in agonist-stimulated
adrenocortical cells. 相似文献
5.
Mattias Olsson John J. Cox Jeffery L. Larkin Per Widén Anders Olovsson 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(2):241-249
Increasingly, wildlife managers and land managers are challenged to maintain the viability of large mammal populations. Although
the moose (Alces alces) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally important ungulate species found throughout most of Sweden, little is known
about its ecology throughout the southern part of the country. We collected baseline ecological data on spatial and habitat
use patterns in urbanized southwestern Sweden by fitting 22 adult moose (13 F, nine M) with global positioning system (GPS)
radio collars. Home range size of cows did not differ among seasons (P > 0.10); however, bulls had larger home ranges during fall than all other seasons (P < 0.010). Mean home range size of males during fall and spring was larger than females during any season (P < 0.010). We used a Euclidean distance-based approach to analyze multi-scale habitat selection by moose. Moose of both sexes
and during all seasons selected boreal forest and mires when establishing a home range (P < 0.10). Moose had seasonal differences in habitat selection within their home range (P 0.001), and generally selected clear-cuts and early successional forests, mature coniferous forests, and glades, but avoided
agricultural areas and open water. Habitat and space use characteristics of moose in our urbanizing study area were similar
to characteristics reported for moose in forest-dominated landscapes of Fennoscandia. 相似文献
6.
Teng X Shi X Shan Z Jin Y Guan H Li Y Yang F Wang W Tong Y Teng W 《Biological trace element research》2008,121(1):23-30
Iodine excess may lead to thyroid diseases. Our previous 5-year prospective survey showed that the prevalence and incidence
of hypothyroidism or autoimmune thyroiditis increased with iodine intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the optimal range of iodine intake by comparing the prevalence of thyroid diseases in three areas with slightly different
levels of iodine intake. In 2005, 778 unselected women subjects from three areas with different iodine intake levels were
enrolled. Levels of serum thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, and urinary iodine were measured, and thyroid B ultrasounds
were performed. Among the subjects with mildly deficient iodine intake, those with adequate intake, and those with more than
adequate intake, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism was 0, 1.13, and 2.84%, respectively (P = 0.014); that of thyroid goiter was 24.88, 5.65, and 11.37%, respectively (P < 0.001); that of serum thyrotropin values was1.01, 1.25, and 1.39 mIU/l, respectively; and that of serum thyrotropin/thyroglobulin
ratio was 7.98, 6.84, and 5.11, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, median urinary iodine 100~200 μg/l may reflect the safe range of iodine intake levels. Serum thyrotropin/thyroglobulin
ratio might be a better index of evaluating iodine status. 相似文献
7.
Coprophagy occurred during major periods of feeding on fruits of Dialium spp. (Caesalpiniaceae) in a group of orphaned chimpanzees released in Conkouati Douli National Park, Republic of Congo. Since stress, boredom or food scarcity could not explain coprophagy according to our daily behavioral and veterinary control observations, we suggest that Dialium seeds were the item of interest in the feces. Two types of Dialium seeds were commonly found in the feces after chimpanzees swallowed the mesocarp and whole seeds together. These seeds were either whole and hard or whole/broken and soft imbibed. A mechanical and/or chemical effect of the gut passage may enable the chimpanzees to chew and ingest the seeds, thus providing nutritional intake. 相似文献
8.
Huang L Yu X Zhang J Liu X Zhang Y Jiao X Yu X 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):154-159
Wilson disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder causing copper accumulation and consequent toxicity. d-Penicillamine, a potent metal chelator, is an important therapy for Wilson disease. To investigate the changes of metal elements
under the treatment of d-penicillamine, we determined the levels of Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se, Mn, Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Tl, and Al by ICP-MS in 24-h urine
of 115 Wilson disease patients who had received treatment with d-penicillamine for 1 month to 22 years at maintenance doses, as well as 115 age-matched, healthy controls. The levels of Cu,
Mg, Ca, Zn, Hg, Pb, Tl, Cd, and Mn in the 24-h urine of the cases were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05), and the observed increases in the levels of Mg, Ca, and Zn were directly correlated with the treatment duration
with Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R) of 0.356 (Mg), 0.329 (Ca), and 0.313 (Zn), respectively (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of Al and As in the 24-h urine were lower than those of the controls (P < 0.05) and were negatively correlated with the treatment time with R of −0.337 (Al) and −0.398 (As), respectively, (P < 0.05). Thus, this study indicates that the levels of metal elements may be altered in patients with Wilson disease under
the treatment of d-penicillamine. 相似文献
9.
Zoran Pavlović Ivanka Miletić Živan Jokić Slađana Šobajić 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(3):263-270
A 16-week experiment was conducted to compare effects of various levels of sodium selenite (SS) and Se-enriched yeast (SY),
on the whole-egg Se content and hen’s productivity. One hundred Shaver 579 hens, 27 weeks old, were placed on one of five
experimental treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times with five hens per cage. Treatments consisted of feeding
a low Se diet without supplementation (basal diet) or basal diet with one of two levels of supplemented Se (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg)
supplied by SS or SY. All supplemented treatments had significantly higher whole-egg Se concentration from basal diet (P < 0.05). On the same supplemented level, hens fed on SY had higher egg Se content from hens feed on SS (P < 0.001). No effects of dietary treatments on egg weight, percentages of dirty and cracked egg, and feed intake and conversion
of feed were observed throughout the trial (P < 0.05). In the first 8 weeks, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in hen-day egg production among treatments. From the ninth week on to the end of the trial, supplementation of SY
to hen’s diet resulted in a higher egg production than SS (P < 0.01). 相似文献
10.
Influence of different periods of exposure to hot environment on rumen function and diet digestibility in sheep 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
U. Bernabucci N. Lacetera P. P. Danieli P. Bani A. Nardone B. Ronchi 《International journal of biometeorology》2009,53(5):387-395
Effects of different periods of exposure to hot environments on rumen function, diet digestibility and digesta passage rate
were studied in four adult not-pregnant Sardinian ewes housed in a climatic chamber. The ewes were kept in individual metabolic
cages. The trial lasted 83 days; 17 days were spent under thermal comfort conditions (TC) [temperature-humidity index (THI) = 65.0 ± 2.0],
followed by 49 days under elevated THI (ETHI: THI = 82.0 ± 2.5) and 17 days under thermal comfort (TC; THI = 65.0 ± 1.0).
Five digestibility and passage rate trials were carried out during the 83 days. Trials 1 and 5 were carried out under TC;
trials 2, 3 and 4 were carried out under ETHI. Values of rectal temperatures (39.7 ± 0.3°C) and respiratory rate (118.4 ± 31.8
breaths/min) indicated that sheep under ETHI were heat-stressed. Heat stress caused an increase (P < 0.01) in water intake, and reductions (P < 0.05) in dry matter intake, rumen pH, rumen cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria count, rumen osmolarity, organic matter,
dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and non-structural carbohydrates digestibility coefficients, and
a reduction of digesta passage rates. Under ETHI, diet digestibility and passage rate of digesta were reduced in a time-dependent
fashion. Variation of diet digestibility under ETHI was not related to passage rate of digesta and feed intake. Reduction
of cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria and the adaptive response to hot environment seem to be related to alteration of digestibility
observed in ewes chronically exposed to hot environment. 相似文献
11.
A. J. Allsopp R. Sutherland P. Wood S. A. Wootton 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(6):516-521
The effect of manipulating sodium intake upon sweat sodium secretion was investigated during heat acclimation. Twenty-five
male subjects were confined to an environmental chamber at a temperature of 25°C for 3 days, and then acclimated to heat by
a further 5 days at 40°C. The subjects' daily sodium intake was controlled throughout as follows: high (HNa), 348.4 (0.8) mmol · day−1, n = 7; moderate (MNa), 174.1 (0.6) mmol · day−1, n = 9; or low (LNa), 66.3 mmol · day−1, n = 9. Sodium losses were estimated from urinary, faecal and sweat collections using a whole-body washdown method. Plasma aldosterone
concentration was also measured from venous blood sampled each morning. Measurements of body temperature and heart rate during
the heat exposure phase indicated a degree of heat acclimation. During this heat phase there was a reduction (P < 0.01) in sweat sodium secretion for all three conditions which was greatest for the LNa condition, although this finding
was not significant (P < 0.1). In the LNa condition, plasma aldosterone concentration increased (P < 0.05) prior to heat exposure, and the secretion of aldosterone was potentiated (P < 0.01) during the heat exposure in comparison with the MNa condition. In contrast, the HNa diet produced a fall (P < 0.05) in plasma aldosterone concentration prior to heat exposure and an attenuation of aldosterone secretion thereafter.
These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that retention of sweat sodium is dependent upon a net body sodium deficit,
but demonstrate that aldosterone secretion is potentiated under such conditions.
Accepted: 22 May 1988 相似文献
12.
The effects of DL-AP5 and glutamate on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived broiler cockerels 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of DL-AP5 (N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist) and glutamate on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) broiler
cockerels. At first, guide cannula was surgically implanted in the right lateral ventricle of chickens. In experiment 1, birds
were intracerebroventricularly injected with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 nmol of DL-AP5. In experiment 2, chickens received 5 nmol DL-AP5
prior to the injection of 0.6 nmol ghrelin. In experiment 3, birds were administered with 0.6 nmol ghrelin after 300 nmol
glutamate, and the cumulative feed intake was determined at 3-h postinjection. The results of this study showed that the intracerebroventricular
injection of DL-AP5 increased food consumption in FD3 broiler cockerels (P ≤ 0.05), and this increase occurs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the decreased food intake induced with the intracerebroventricular
injection of ghrelin was additively enhanced by pretreatment with glutamate, and this effect was attenuated by DL-AP5 administration(P ≤ 0.05).These results suggest that there is an interaction between ghrelin and glutamatergic system (through NMDA receptor)
on food intake in broiler cockerels. 相似文献
13.
Mislav Đidara Tihomir Florijančić Tomislav Šperanda Ivica Bošković Marcela Šperanda 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(2):349-353
Interest for breeding mouflons in Europe is growing by the day, so it is important to extend our knowledge regarding their
physiology. To establish reference intervals of biochemical values for mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon), serum samples from 35 males and 26 females were analyzed using the automatic analyzer Olympus AU 640 for 22 serum biochemistry
parameters. All mouflons aged from 1 to 4 years were apparently healthy and in good body condition and kept at an average
altitude of 87 m (45°4′N, 18°6′E). Obtained results were tested according to age and sex categories by the repeated measurement
model with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data showed a significantly higher (P < 0.01) concentration of total serum bilirubin and chloride in adult pregnant female mouflons compared to adult male mouflons.
A significantly higher (P < 0.01) value of sodium and a lower (P < 0.01) value of serum phosphate in adult pregnant female mouflons compared to adult male mouflons have been determined.
These data provide the baseline information about serum biochemical parameters which can be used to manage the health in mouflons. 相似文献
14.
J. Langfort R. Zarzeczny W. Pilis K. Nazar H. Kaciuba-Ucitko 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,76(2):128-133
The aim of this study was to find out whether a low-carbohydrate diet (L-CHO) affects: (1) the capacity for all-out anaerobic
exercise, and (2) hormonal and metabolic responses to this type of exercise. To this purpose, eight healthy subjects underwent
a 30-s bicycle Wingate test preceded by either 3 days of a controlled mixed diet (130 kJ/kg of body mass daily, 50% carbohydrate,
30% fat, 20% protein) or 3 days of an isoenergetic L-CHO diet (up to 5% carbohydrate, 50% fat, 45% protein) in a randomized
order. Before and during 1 h after the exercise venous blood samples were taken for measurement of blood lactate (LA), β-hydroxybutyrate
(β-HB), glucose, adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) and insulin levels. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was also determined. It was found that the L-CHO diet diminished the mean power output during the 30-s exercise bout [533
(7) W vs 581 (7) W, P < 0.05] without changing the maximal power attained during the first or second 5-s interval of the exercise. In comparison
with the data obtained after the consumption of a mixed diet, after the consumption of a L-CHO diet resting plasma concentrations
of β-HB [2.38 (0.18) vs 0.23 (0.01) mmol · l−1, P < 0.001] and NA [4.81 (0.68) vs 2.2 (0.31) nmol · l−1, P < 0.05] were higher, while glucose [4.6 (0.1) vs 5.7 (0.2) mmol · l−1, P < 0.05] and insulin concentrations [11.9 (0.9) vs 21.8 (1.8) mU · l−1] were lower. The 1-h post-exercise excess of V˙O2 [9.1 (0.25) vs 10.6 (0.25) l, P < 0.05], and blood LA measured 3 min after the exercise [9.5 (0.4) vs 10.6 (0.5) mmol · l−1, P < 0.05] were lower following the L-CHO treatment, whilst plasma NA and A concentrations reached higher values [2.24 (0.40) vs
1.21 (0.13) nmol · l−1 and 14.30 (1.41) vs 8.20 (1.31) nmol · l−1, P < 0.01, respectively]. In subjects on the L-CHO diet, the plasma β-HB concentration decreased quickly after exercise, attaining
≈30% of the pre-exercise value within 60 min, while insulin and glucose levels were elevated. The main conclusions of this
study are: (1) a L-CHO diet is detrimental to anaerobic work capacity, possibly because of a reduced muscle glycogen store
and decreased rate of glycolysis; (2) reduced carbohydrate intake for 3 days enhances activity of the sympathoadrenal system
at rest and after exercise.
Accepted: 31 January 1997 相似文献
15.
McClung JP Tarr TN Barnes BR Scrimgeour AG Young AJ 《Biological trace element research》2007,118(1):65-76
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that functions in cellular signaling. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates
the initiation of protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether Zn could stimulate protein phosphorylation
in the mTOR pathway in vivo. Mice (C57BL/6J, n = 30) were fed Zn marginal diets (ZM, 5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by fasting (F) and/or refeeding with ZM or Zn supplemental
(300 mg/kg, ZS) diets for 3 or 6 h. Plasma insulin was greater (P < 0.05) in refed animals as compared to F animals. Protein phosphorylation was detected using multiplex analysis and Western
blotting. Multiplex analysis indicated greater (P < 0.05) p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3 α/β) phosphorylation in livers from 6-h refed ZS animals as compared to F animals.
Western blots indicated increased (P < 0.05) Akt (Ser 473) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle from animals refed ZS diets for 3 and 6 h as compared to F animals.
The ZS diet affected phosphorylation of GSK-3 (α/β) in liver, as 3-h ZS refed animals had greater (P < 0.01) phosphorylation than F animals. These findings indicate that Zn may contribute to the initiation of protein synthesis
as a signaling molecule in vivo.
The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or
as reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. Any citations of commercial organizations and trade names
in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement of approval of the products or services of
these organizations. 相似文献
16.
Dietary Zinc Glycine Chelate on Growth Performance,Tissue Mineral Concentrations,and Serum Enzyme Activity in Weanling Piglets 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One hundred twenty crossbred piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of dietary zinc glycine
chelate on growth performance, tissue mineral concentrations, and serum enzyme activity. All pigs were allotted to four treatments
and fed with basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg Zn as zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn as zinc oxide
(ZnO). After the 35-day feeding trial, results of the study showed that, compared to the control, average daily gain was improved
(P < 0.05) for pigs fed 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO and Zn concentrations in serum and
M. longissimus dorsi were significantly enhanced by 100 mg/kg dietary zinc glycine chelate and 3,000 mg/kg ZnO. In addition, supplementation of
100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate decreased (P < 0.05) the liver Fe level, liver Zn level, spleen Cu level, and kidney Cu level compared to that of the 3,000-mg/kg ZnO
group. For feces mineral excretion, 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO greatly increased the concentration of fecal Zn (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) compared to that of the control or the 100-mg/kg zinc glycine chelate group. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase and Cu/Zn
superoxide dismutase activities of pigs in 100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate and ZnO treatments were greatly higher than that
of the control. The results of present study showed that supplementation with zinc glycine chelate could improve growth and
serum enzyme activities and could also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weanling pig compared to high dietary ZnO. 相似文献
17.
K. H?kkinen A. Pakarinen R. U. Newton W. J. Kraemer 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(4):312-319
Acute hormone responses of growth hormone (GH), total and free testosterone (TT and FT) and cortisol (C) to heavy resistance
isometric exercise were examined in ten young men [YM 26.5 (SD 4.8) years] and ten old men [OM 70.0 (SD 3.7) years]. Loading
conditions of the same relative intensity were created for the lower and upper extremity actions separately as well as for
both of them together – lower extremity exercise (LE; knee extension), upper extremity exercise (UE; bench press extension),
and lower and upper extremity exercise (LUE) performed simultaneously in a seated position. Single voluntary maximal isometric
actions lasting for 5 s were performed repeatedly for ten repetitions (with a recovery of 5 s) for a total of four sets. The
recovery time between the sets was 1 min. Each exercise led to large acute decreases in maximal isometric force in both YM
(P < 0.001) and OM (P < 0.001) ranging from 41% to 26% with no significant differences between the groups. Serum GH concentrations increased in
both YM (P < 0.05–0.01) and OM (P < 0.05) but the postexercise value in YM during LE was greater (P < 0.05) than for OM. The TT increased (P < 0.01–0.001) in YM in all three exercises, while in OM the increase occurred only during LE (P < 0.01). The exercises led to increases in FT in YM (P < 0.05 for LE and LUE), while in OM the increase occurred only during LUE (P < 0.05). The pre and postexercise FT were greater in YM (P < 0.001) than in OM. No significant changes occurred in C either in YM or in OM. The blood lactate concentrations increased
during the exercises in both YM (P < 0.001) and OM (P < 0.05–0.001) but the postexercise values during LE and LUE in YM were greater (P < 0.05) than in OM. The present data would indicate that the responses of GH, TT and FT to heavy resistance isometric exercise
are lowered with increasing age. The reduced acute hormone response together with the lowered basal values in FT in the older
men compared to the young men may indicate decreased anabolic effects on muscles and may explain in part the loss of muscle
mass and strength associated with aging.
Accepted: 18 August 1997 相似文献
18.
Bisson Isabelle-A. Marra Peter P. Burtt Jr Edward H. Sikaroodi Masoumeh Gillevet Patrick M. 《Microbial ecology》2009,58(1):212-220
Migratory birds can be efficient dispersers of pathogens, yet we know little about the effect of migration and season on the
microbial community in avian plumage. This is the first study to describe and compare the microbial plumage community of adult
and juvenile migratory birds during the annual cycle and compare the plumage community of migrants to that of resident birds
at both neotropical and nearctic locations. We used length heterogeneity PCR (16S rRNA) to describe the microbial assemblage
sampled from the plumage of 66 birds in two age classes and from 16 soil samples. Resident birds differed significantly in
plumage microbial community composition from migrants (R ≥ 0.238, P < 0.01). Nearctic resident birds had higher plumage microbial diversity than nearctic migrants (R = 0.402, P < 0.01). Plumage microbial composition differed significantly between fall premigratory and either breeding (R ≥ 0.161, P < 0.05) or nonbreeding stages (R = 0.267, P < 0.01). Six bacterial operational taxonomic units contributed most to the dissimilarities found in this assay. Soil microbial
community composition was significantly different from all samples of plumage microbial communities (R ≥ 0.700, P < 0.01). The plumage microbial community varies in relation to migration strategy and stage of the annual cycle. We suggest
that plumage microbial acquisition begins in the first year at natal breeding locations and reaches equilibrium at the neotropical
wintering sites. These data lead us to conclude that migration and season play an important role in the dynamics of the microbial
community in avian plumage and may reflect patterns of pathogen dispersal by birds. 相似文献
19.
Jesús Villanueva Marisol Soria Carlos González-Haro Laura Ezquerra José L. Nieto Jesús F. Escanero 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):398-406
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oral iron supplementation on hematological and iron metabolism in elite
soccer players. Thirty-five members of the Real Zaragoza SAD soccer team took part in this study: group A (GA, n = 24; Spanish Premier League) took an oral iron supplement of 80 mg day−1 for 3 weeks, and group B (GB, n = 11; Spanish Third Division League) did not receive any supplementation. In GA, the parameters were measured before and
after giving the iron supplements, while in GB, measurements were only made at the time of collecting the second set of data
from GA. After supplementation, GA showed an increase in serum iron (SI) (P < 0.05), serum ferritin (Ftn) (P < 0.01), and transferrin saturation (Sat) (P < 0.01) with respect to the basal values. In addition, GA showed higher values of hematocrit (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.01), Ftn (P < 0.01), and Sat (P < 0.01) than GB. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. More specifically, a higher percentage of
players had Ftn levels above upper limits in GA vs. GB (P < 0.05), and GB had a higher incidence of Ftn below lower limits with respect to subjects in GA (P < 0.01). Further, after treatment, 58.3% of GA had >800 mg of SI, while all players in GB presented levels below the lower
limits. In conclusion, iron supplementation with 80 mg·day−1 for 3 weeks, before the start of the soccer season, can be recommended for elite soccer players. 相似文献
20.
Kerstin Müller Rainer Altenkamp Jens Raila Daniel Schmidt Robert Dietrich Andrea Hurtienne Michael Wink Oliver Krone Leo Brunnberg Florian J. Schweigert 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(5):1043-1049
In this study, we investigated the α-tocopherol plasma concentrations in healthy free-ranging nestlings of the white-tailed
sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) as well as of free-ranging adults of the white-tailed sea eagle (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45). α-Tocopherol plasma concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. α-Tocopherol
plasma concentrations in nestlings of osprey, white-tailed sea eagle, and northern goshawk did not differ significantly amongst
the species, but the common buzzard and honey buzzard nestlings had significantly lower α-tocopherol plasma concentrations
than nestlings of the other species (both P < 0.001). Adult male ospreys and white-tailed sea eagles had significantly higher α-tocopherol concentrations compared to
adult females (both P < 0.005). Adult ospreys and northern goshawks had significantly higher α-tocopherol plasma concentrations compared to their
nestlings (both P < 0.001). In adult female northern goshawks, plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol increased significantly before egg laying
(P < 0.001). These results demonstrate α-tocopherol plasma concentrations in birds of prey to be species specific and influenced
by age and reproductive status. 相似文献