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1.
V. Chalupa 《Biologia Plantarum》1989,31(5):400-407
Shoot multiplication of Larixdecidua was achieved using axillary and adventitious buds. The formation of axillary buds was stimulated on shoot tips soaked in
a cytokinin solution (BAP 10-50 mg 1−1 for 2–4 h. Adventitious buds were induced on cotyledons, needles and vegetative buds cultured on WPM or QL medium supplemented
with cytokinin (BAP 1–3 mg 1−1). The shoot formation from induced axillary and adventitious buds was promoted on WPM or QL medium containing a low concentration
of auxin (IBA 0.1 mg 1−1). Shoot multiplication of Pinussylvestris was stimulated on WPM, MS, and QL media supplemented with a low concentration of cytokinin (BAP 0.2 mg 1−1) and auxin (IBA 0.1 mg 1−1). Shoot segments produced 2–5 new axillary shoots within 4–5 weeks. Root initiation was stimulated on larch and pine shoots
cultured first on WPM supplemented with auxins (NAA and IBA) and later transferred to auxin-free medium. 相似文献
2.
In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots)
to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop
into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration
(16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with
0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response
and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20
shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
3.
Shoot multiplication from mature trees of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Opening of apical and axillary buds of mature Douglas-fir and sugar pine trees was obtained on a newly formulated basal medium (DCR) without growth regulators. Elongation of buds was observed on 1/2 strength DCR with 0.3% activated charcoal (DCR-1). In sugar pine, multiple shoots were obtained when explants on DCR with 0.5 mg/1 BAP for 5–6 weeks were transferred to DCR-1 medium. On subculture, axillary buds again developed when shoots were cultured on DCR with 0.2 mg/1 BAP for Douglas-fir and 0.5 mg/1 BAP for sugar pine. These buds were again elongated on DCR-1 medium. By subculturing 7–10 shoots of Douglas-fir and 2–3 shoots of sugar pine, over 100 shoots can be obtained in a year.Abbreviations BAP
N6-benzylaminopurine
- KN
kinetin
- NAA
-naphthalene acetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige-Skoog medium
- WPM
woody-plant medium 相似文献
4.
A high frequency plant regeneration system was developed for the production of high yielding elite clones of Garcinia indica via direct organogenesis. A maximum number of 86.2 shoot buds per explant were induced from the mature seed segments cultured
on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.0 mg dm−3 N6-benzyladenine and 1 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid. Rooting was achieved on half-strength WPM medium supplemented with 3 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to greenhouse for further growth. The highest survival
rate of 95 % was recorded using a mixture of garden soil and sand. Histological studies clearly revealed multiple shoot formation
from mature seed segments. 相似文献
5.
Callus was induced from leaf segments of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) on modified B5 (mB5) medium with 0.1 mg/1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The resulting callus was either subcultured to solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) with 0.5 mg/1 BA directly for shoot regeneration or sieved into liquid mB5 medium for suspension culture. After 3 weeks of suspension culture, when the callus clumps grew to 3–4 mm in diameter, they were transferred onto solidified WPM with 0.5 mg/1 BA for shoot regeneration. Almost 100% of the clumps formed shoots on WPM when subcultured directly from mB5 with an average number of 6 shoots per callus. When transferred from suspension culture in mB5 to WPM, an average of 6 shoots per callus were produced from 51% of calli. These shoots could be easily rooted on either mB5 or WPM with 0.2 mg/1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and transferred to pots. Transplanted plants were kept under intermittent mist for 2–4 weeks before normal growth in the green house.Abbreviations BA
6-Benzyl-adenine
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- mB5 medium
modified B5 medium
- WPM
Woody Plant medium 相似文献
6.
Fráguas Chrystiane Borges Pasqual Moacir Dutra Leonardo Ferreira Cazetta Jairo Osvaldo 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2004,40(5):471-474
Summary An in vitro protocol for Ficus carica cv. ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ was optimized. Nodal explants containing two buds were excised from field-grown mature plants, and
transferred to different proliferation media consisting of combinations of distinct concentrations of activated charcoal with
benzyladenine (BA), kinetin with gibberellic acid (GA3), and WPM (woody plant medium) with kinetin. The regular strength of WPM in combination with 0.5 mgl−1 kinetin was the best condition for shoot proliferation of Ficus carica ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ plants. The addition of activated charcoal in the medium completely inhibited shoot proliferation. The
inclusion of BA in the medium induced excessive callus formation as well as small and vitrified shoots, while GA3 induced excessive elongation associated with vitrification, chlorosis, and tip-burned shoots. 相似文献
7.
Effect of medium composition and type of vessel closure on axillary shoot production of magnolia in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Proliferation of axillary shoots from nodal segments of saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana Soul.-Bod.) was achieved on modified Standardi and Catalano (S medium) and Lloyd and McCown (WPM) media containing 1.33 μmol·dm−3 BA and 0.54 μmol·dm−3 NAA. The greatest number of axillary shoots was produced on S-medium with full strength macronutrients. Statistically significant
were the differences in biomass of axillary shoots cultured in vessels sealed with plastic closures. Rooting of the shoots
was achieved on half strength S medium supplemented with 4.9, 9.8, 14.7 and 19.6 μmol·dm−3 IBA. Rooted plantlets were able to resume independent growth after a short period of acclimatization. 相似文献
8.
Three different morphogenic responses??caulogenesis, direct somatic embryogenesis, and callusing??were noted in cotyledon explants of Semecarpus anacardium L. cultured in woody plant medium (WPM) containing thidiazuron (TDZ). Thidiazuron, at all concentrations tested, induced organogenic as well as embryogenic responses. The organogenic buds differentiated to shoots and the embryogenic mass (EM) gave rise to globular embryos which differentiated up to cotyledon-stage embryos on repeated culture in growth regulator (GR)-free WPM medium containing 0.2% activated charcoal after the removal of TDZ. The organogenic and embryogenic responses were optimal in 9.08???M TDZ after the removal of TDZ. Elongated shoots rooted in half-strength liquid WPM medium with 2.46???M indole butyric acid. Plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to soil. Histological studies confirmed the direct origin of the organogenic buds from the cotyledon explants. The EMs produced somatic embryos on repeated culture in charcoal incorporated GR-free medium. Morphogenic callus formation from the cotyledon explants was also noted. This callus on repeated culture in WPM medium with charcoal differentiated into somatic embryos. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was evident from direct and indirectly formed primary embryos. The somatic embryos did not convert into plantlets, though sporadic germination of embryos was observed through the emergence of roots. 相似文献
9.
A. Lux D. Lišková A. Piñeyro Lopez J. Ruiz Ordoñez D. Kákoniová 《Biologia Plantarum》1997,40(1):143-147
Zygotic embryos of Karwinskia parvifolia, isolated from seeds obtained from different regions of Mexico, were cultured on
Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.06 μM indole-3-acetic acid, 0.03 μM gibberellic acid, and 2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine.
The growth of embryos and multiplication of shoots from stem segments were achieved. Rooting of excised shoots could be initiated
on basal WPM medium with prolonged subculture period to 2 months, or on WPM medium supplemented with 10 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic
acid. Multiplication capacity of shoots and rooting of K. parvifolia differed in dependence on the origin of explant material.
The shoot multiplication was much lower than that of Karwinskia humboldtiana. The rooting depended on the origin of K. parvifolia
seeds. The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to glasshouse.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Rapid micropropagation of Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn. subsp. travancoricus Burkil ex Narayanan, a rare ethnomedicinal herb endemic to the Western Ghats of southern India, was achieved by culturing shoot tips (0.3–0.5 cm) of 2-month-old axenic seedlings on Woody Plant Medium. Among the cytokinins tested, only BAP induced callus-free multiple shoot bud formation, with a maximum of 8.5±0.4 buds per explant being obtained with 2.0 mg.l–1 BAP after 8 weeks of culture. Shoot tips containing proliferated buds were divided and subcultured on medium containing 0.2 mg.l–1 BAP to produce 12.0±1.0 shoots per explant in 6 weeks. Excision of buds after culture initiation, with subculture of the debudded basal tissue in 2 successive passages yielded 20.0±1.0 and 13.5±0.5 buds per explant respectively. Each bud cultured in turn for 4 weeks on WPM with 1.0 mg.l–1 BAP formed 3.8±0.4 secondary buds which were repeatedly recultured to increase bud production. Altogether this method enabled an estimated harvest of 7848 buds from a single shoot tip in 28 months. Shoots (3–5 cm) developed from bud cultures were rooted in half-strength WPM medium with 0.5 mg.l–1 each of NAA and IBA, and 90–100% of the rooted plants were established in the field after hardening. Micropropagated plants were grown to maturity free of defects in growth, morphological, flowering and seed set characteristics.Abbreviations WPM
Woody Plant Medium (Lloyd and `McCown 1980)
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2-ip
2-iso-pentenyladenine
- Kinetin
6-furfurylaminopurine
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
11.
A rapid propagation method comprising initiation of in vitro shoot tip culture from field-grown flowering plants and reculture of the nodal segments of regenerated shoots in Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium was developed for Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz., a rare medicinal shrub. A medium supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (0.2 mg.l–1) induced high frequency (88%) development of axillary shoot buds (3.2) in 4–5 weeks. Subculture of the explants with multiple new shoots in fresh medium for 30 days yielded an even larger number (9.7) of shoots. Highest multiplication (26–35 shoots) was recorded when using culture initiation media with 0.5 mg.l–1 each of BAP and NAA followed by subculture in 0.2 mg.l–1 BAP. The shoot multiplication rate was further accelerated by reculturing 0.4–0.6 cm nodal segments of regenerated shoots in media with 1.0 mg.l–1 BAP. Shoot cuttings (3.5–7.0 cm) were rooted in 0.2 mg.l–1 IAA. Regenerated plants displayed uniform morphological, growth and flowering characteristics.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium 相似文献
12.
Micropropagation of the actinorhizal plant Comptonia peregrina of the Myricaceae was achieved successfully by the induction of root buds in excised root culture with cytokinin (1.0 M benzyladenine). Excised root segments with initiated root buds were subcultured in Woody Plant Medium (WPM) lacking growth regulators, developing extensive callus which subsequently gave rise to multiple adventitious buds. Shoot elongation was facilitated by transfer of calluses to more aerated conditions. Root initiation was induced on shoots by brief treatment with auxin (<1 M indolebutyric acid) and transfer to WPM for plantlet development. Controlled light and aeration in liquid medium were critical conditions for successful micropropagation. 相似文献
13.
Plantlet regeneration through shoot formation from young leaf explant-derived callus of Camptotheca acuminata is described. Calli were obtained by placing leaf explants on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with various concentrations
of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus induction was observed
in all media evaluated. On the shoot induction medium, the callus induced on the WPM medium containing 19.8 μM BA and 5.8
μM NAA was the most effective, providing high shoot regeneration frequency (70.3 %) as well as the highest number of shoots
(11.2 shoots explant−1). The good rooting percentage and root quality (98 %, 5.9 roots shoot−1) were achieved on WPM medium supplemented with 9.6 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). 96 % of the in vitro rooted plantlets with well developed shoots and roots survived transfer to soil. 相似文献
14.
S. Y. Park Y. W. Kim H. K. Moon H. N. Murthy Y. H. Choi H. M. Cho 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,93(3):341-346
The effect of phytohormones on the breaking of dormancy of axillary buds in Salix pseudolasiogyne and their subsequent proliferation from nodal explants were examined. Nodal explants obtained from a 20–year-old S. pseudolasiogyne tree were cultured either on woody plant basal medium (WPM) or WPM supplemented with benzyladenine (BA, 2.2/4.4 μM), zeatin
(1.1/2.2 μM), gibberillic acid (GA3, 2.9 and 14.5 μM), and GA3 + BA (2.9 + 4.4 μM). Although axillary shoots developed in all the media, a higher percentage bud break occurred on BA supplemented
media. To corroborate the results, endogenous levels of cytokinins [Cks, N
6-isopentenyladenine (iP), zeatin riboside (t-ZR), dihydrozeatinriboside (DHZR)] and abscisic acid (ABA) were determined. On BA supplemented media, the levels of zeatin
type (Z-type) of Cks were higher than those of isopentenyladenine type of Ck in the explants, while the ABA level was low.
Axillary shoots did not grow well and became necrotic upon subculture to fresh basal WPM. In order to improve shoot growth,
they were subcultured twice at a 4-week interval on to WPM supplemented with BA (2.2/4.4 μM), GA3 (1.4 μM), or GA3 + BA (1.4 + 4.4/2.9 + 4.4 μM). Maximal shoot growth (93%) was achieved on WPM supplemented with 2.2 μM BA. Comparative analyses
of endogenous Cks revealed that higher Cks (Z-type Cks) were present in actively growing shoots. Rooting was readily achieved
when the shoots were subcultured to WPM without phytohormones. The rooted plants were acclimatized well upon transplantation. 相似文献
15.
Micropropagation of Endangered Species Daphne cneorum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A new protocol for micropropagation of endangered Daphne cneorum through multiple shoot formation has been developed. Two different types of explants (dormant apical buds and in vitro seed-derived young seedlings) from plants in two different localities were used for the initiation of multiple shoots on agar woody plant medium (WPM) with 0.2 mg dm–3 benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg dm–3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), 200 mg dm–3 glutamine, and 200 mg dm–3 casein hydrolysate. From 10 seeds only one germinated and the multi-apex culture bearing 12 shoots sprouted out from in vitro seed-derived young seedling. After 6-month cultivation 35 multi-apex cultures were achieved from in vitro seed-derived young seedling. On 1/3 strength WPM medium supplemented with 2.83 mg dm–3 IBA 50 % of cultures (clusters of 3 – 5 shoots) rooted but no rooting occurred in the presence of -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The rooted plantlets were acclimatized for 4 weeks in the greenhouse and then transferred into natural conditions. The plants successfully survived the winter and flowered. 相似文献
16.
A micropropagation system for Annona squamosa L. (Sugar Apple) using hypocotyls of seedlings and nodal cuttings from 3-year-old plants was developed. Shoot proliferation was achieved with Woody Plant Medium supplemented with BA. Silver thiosulphate was added at 0.5 mg l–1 to control leaf abscission. Rooting was obtained when subcultured shoots were preconditioned for 2 weeks in medium with 10 g l–1 activated charcoal before treatment with 43 µm NAA or 39 µm IBA. Rooting was improved when galactose was used instead of sucrose in the rooting medium. The rooted plantlets were acclimatised successfully.Abbreviations NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog Medium
- WPM
Woody Plant Medium
- NN
Nitsch Medium
- Juv
juvenile explant
- Adu
adult explant 相似文献
17.
We describe an efficient process for the regeneration of Lonicera tatarica plants from cultured stem sections. Induction of multiple shoots was achieved directly from cultured stem cuttings. The highest regeneration rate was achieved on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 4% sucrose and 0.8% Difco bacto-agar in the absence of hormones. Differentiated shoots were elongated for 5-7 days on induction medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l GA3. Shoot induction and elongation experiments were carried out using original stem explants from either 2-, 6-, or 18-month-old donor plants. The age of the donor plant had no noticeable effect on either process. However, rooting of elongated shoots occurred only with shoots derived from 2-month-old donor plants. Rooting efficiency and proliferation were highest on half-strength WPM medium supplemented with 2 µM indole-3-butyric acid and 0.6% Keylis agar. The plants regenerated from stem explants were morphologically normal, and levels of loganin and secologanin were comparable to those detected in plants grown from seed and maintained through vegetative propagation. 相似文献
18.
An efficient method for the in vitro propagation of a tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) clone, `TRI-2025', from somatic embryos is described. This technique involves two phases; the induction of
adventitious buds from nodal cuttings followed by the development of somatic embryos. Single nodal cuttings were excised from
1-year-old in vitro axenic cultures and inoculated on MS medium with different combinations of IBA/BAP/GA3. Induction of multiple shoots from nodal explants occurred on MS medium with 0.5 mg l–1 BAP, 0.1 mg l–1 IBA and 0.0 mg l–1 GA3 within 6 weeks of incubation. The cultures with multiple shoots were transferred to fresh medium, incubated for 120 days
and transferred to MS medium with half-strength macro nutrients, full-strength micronutrients and vitamins and no growth regulator.
The direct induction of somatic embryos without callus formation occurred on this medium at 60% frequency within 4 weeks.
The production of embryos continued upon transfer of the cultures to fresh medium and a four- to eightfold multiplication
rate was obtained during each 6-week culture cycle. The plantlets from these embryos were acclimatised with a 90% success
rate. All plants were vigorous and hardy, with well-developed tap-root systems.
Received: 20 July 1996 / Revision received: 2 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 January 1998 相似文献
19.
Judith G. Croxdale 《Planta》1977,133(2):111-115
The transport and accumulation of 32P and [14C] sucrose in decapitated and intact shoot segments of the fern Davallia were studied. The apical buds of intact shoots and the expanding buds of shoots decapitated 4 weeks before application are major sinks for these nutrients. Decapitation results in a shift of 14C accumulation from the apex to the lateral buds within 36 h. This shift can be reversed in shoots decapitated for 12 h by replacing the apex. Increased 14C accumulation into the stump region occurs when decapitated shoot segments are treated with indole-3-acetic acid, and decreased label accumulation into the apical region results when intact shoots are treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. 相似文献
20.
Methods for the production of micropropagated plantlets and rooted cuttings were developed and used to vegetatively multiply adult Eucalyptus grandis X urophylla. Rooting success was less than 5% when cuttings excised from twigs of 3-year-old trees were used. The rooted cuttings were grown in the greenhouse as explant- or cutting-donors and maintained at a height of 30 to 100 cm by trimming back periodically. Good rooting success (95%) of cuttings was obtained for epicormic shoots produced from donor plants after trimming 5 times. Explants of both apical and axillary buds taken from the donor plants produced multiple shoots when cultured in vitro. In vitro multiple shoot production was optimal on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.01 mg/l NAA averaging 13.7 shoots per explant in a 40-day culture period. Shoot elongation was accelerated on a modified MS medium containing half strength potassium nitrate and sucrose. Elongated shoots excised at approximately 1.5 cm in length were successfully rooted on media with NAA or IBA concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/l. Root formation was optimal on medium consisting of full strength MS basal macro elements and vitamins, half strength micro elements, 1% sucrose and supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IBA. In the field test, no significant differences were found in tree height and DBH between micropropagated plantlets and rooted cuttings at 1 and 3 years old, with the exception at 2 years old. A considerable difference arose between the 2 types of vegetative propagules in physiological response to flowering, caused by dissimilar degrees of rejuvenation.Abbreviations BA
Benzyl-Aminopurine
- NAA
Naphthalene Acetic Acid
- IBA
Indole-3-Butyric Acid
- MS medium
Murashige and Skoog's medium
- DBH
Diameter at Breast Height 相似文献