木犀属新资料(Ⅱ)

运用经典分类方法,在对木犀属进行系统研究的基础上,归并了总状桂花Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song,将其作为厚叶木犀O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.)Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang)R.L.Lu的一个新异名;将大果桂花O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai转移到野桂花O.yunnanensis(Franchet)P.S.Green下作为其异名,从而给出了木犀属的两个新异名。     

木犀属新资料(Ⅱ)

运用经典分类方法,在对木犀属进行系统研究的基础上,归并了总状桂花Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song,将其作为厚叶木犀O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.)Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang)R.L.Lu的一个新异名;将大果桂花O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai转移到野桂花O.yunnanensis(Franchet)P.S.Green下作为其异名,从而给出了木犀属的两个新异名。     

刺枝野丁香和穗花野丁香(茜草科)名称之合格发表

刺枝野丁香Leptodermis pilosa Diels var．acanthoclada Lo和穗花野丁香L．pilosa Diels vat．spicatiformis Lo发表时没指明模式,是不合格发表的名称。现通过指定模式,将它们的名称作合格发表。还对此2新变种及其近缘类群提供了分类检索表和地理分布图。     

中国杜英属的一些分类问题

本文根据最新研究结果,对国产杜英属植物进行了清理。这里报道的是对《中国植物志》 49(1)杜英属的修订和补充。它包括：(1)纠正3个错误鉴定：Elaeocarpus rugosus Poxb．=E． apiculatus sensu Merr.;E.sikkimensis Mast.=E.fleuryi sensu H.T.Chang;E.decandrus Merr.=E.chinensis sensu H.T.Chang pro parte。 (2) 发表1个新种和1个新变种：E． limitaneioides Y.Tang;E.glabripetalus Merr．var．grandifructusy．Tang． (3)归并了4种2 变种：E．boreali-yunnanensis H．T．Chang归并为E．lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz,E.floribundioides H．T．Chang归并到E．austro-yunnanensis Hu,E.fengjieensis P.C.Tuan归并至E．duclouxii Gagnep．,E．kwangsiensis H．T．Chang归并为E.glabripetalus Merr. var．alatus(Knuth) H. T. Chang,E. glabripetalus Merr. var．teres H.T.H.T.Chang归并为E.glabripetalus var．glabripetalus,E.prunifolioides Hu var．rectinervis H.T.Chang归并至E.prunifolioidesHu。 (4)报道了一些省级分布新记录;并简单讨论了属下系统。     

浙江木犀科一新种——浙南木犀

该文描述了采自浙江南部的木犀属(Osmanthus Lour.)一新种——浙南木犀(O.austrozhejiangensis Z.H.Chen,W.Y.Xie et X.Liu),并附有线描图和彩色照片。该种在具聚伞花序,叶柄、小枝、苞片、花梗被柔毛等性状上接近于毛柄木犀(O.pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T.Chang),不同之处在于叶片倒卵形、倒卵状椭圆形或椭圆形,长(5.5~)8~10(~13)cm,宽(2.2~)3~4.5(~5)cm,先端急尖或短渐尖,叶缘具尖锐细锯齿或全缘,侧脉8~10对,花较大,花冠管长2.2~2.3 mm,裂片长2.2~3.0 mm,花丝长1.3~1.5 mm,花药长约1.2 mm。该新种的发现为研究东亚木犀属自西南向东北方向迁移与演化提供了新的材料。     

昆明山梅花及其变种的指定模式标本

昆明山梅花Philadelphus kunmmingensis S.M.Hwang及其变种小叶山梅花var.parvifolius S.M.Hwang已发表于中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊75-7.1991.有拉丁文的描述及标本引证,但未指定模式标本,为使其名称符合植物命名法规,现补充指定模式标本.     

九龙桦（桦木科）与卵叶茜草（茜草科）名称的合格发表

由于同时指定两号标本为模式,桦木科(Betulaceae)的九龙桦 (Betula jiulungensis Hu ex P. C. Li)和茜草科(Rubiaceae)的卵叶茜草(Rubia ovatifolia Z. Y. Zhang)是不合格发表的名称。现通过分别指定主模式,对九龙桦和卵叶茜草的名称作合格发表。     

假巴戟名称的合法化以及对糠藤后选模式的指定

假巴戟（Morinda shuanghuaensis C．Y．Chen et M．S．Huang）和糠藤（Morinda howiana S．Y．Hu）为茜草科（Rubiaceae）巴戟天属的两个中国特有种。发表于1976年的假巴戟的名称因原作者指定了两份标本作为模式标本（花模式和果模式）而为不合法名称,本文将其合法化,并根据原始描述将其果模式指定为模式。同样,糠藤也被指定具有两个模式,但是因其发表时间早于1958年1月1日,因此并不违背最新版《国际植物命名法规》（维也纳法规）,但是为了规范植物名称,避免更多的混淆,我们依据其原始描述将其花模式指定为后选模式。     

关于尾尖奇蒿(菊科-春黄菊族)合格发表问题的一条简注（英文）

尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Bangladesh J.Plant Taxon.18:203.2011”,而非“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Phytotaxa 273:213.2016”。     

关于尾尖奇蒿(菊科-春黄菊族)合格发表问题的一条简注

尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为"Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling, Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18:203. 2011",而非"Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y. R. Ling, Phytotaxa 273:213. 2016"。     

Validation of Scrophularia macrocarpa (Scrophulariaceae) endemic to southwestern China

Scrophularia macrocarpa P. C. Tsoong, originally described from Sichuan, China, was not validly published in 1979 because two type specimens (one fruiting, one in flower) were designated. To enable formal use of the name, the species name is validated here, with the fruiting specimen designated as the holotype.     

Validation of Muhlenbergia fasciculata (Poaceae) endemic to Myanmar

Muhlenbergia fasciculata T. P. I. Phan, originally described in 1994, was an invalidly published name, because two collections (one flowering, one fruiting) were designated as the type. The name is validated here, with the flowering specimen designated as the holotype.     

Valid publication of the name Helicia falcata (Proteaceae)

Helicia falcata C. Y. Wu was not validly published in 1977 because two gatherings, one flowering and one fruiting, were simultaneously designated as types in the protologue. This name is validated here by designating the flowering specimen as the holotype.     

The Tuber borchii fruiting body-specific protein TBF-1, a novel lectin which interacts with associated Rhizobium species

Lectins, proteins that are able to bind carbohydrate structures, are typically involved in cell recognition mechanisms. We demonstrate here that TBF-1, the main soluble protein in the Tuber borchii Vittad. fruiting body, is a phase-specific lectin that is able selectively to bind the exopolysaccharides produced by ascoma-associated Rhizobium spp. Characterization of TBF-1 was performed using both the protein purified from the truffles and the recombinant protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The two proteins exhibit the same hemagglutination activity toward rabbit red blood cells and the same sugar binding specificity. The discovery of lectin activity for TBF-1 led us to propose revising the protein name to 'T. borchii fruiting body lectin 1' with the acronym TBFL-1.     

沪农灵芝一号生长过程中子实体各部位糖醇和海藻糖积累及其代谢酶的表达变化

食用菌子实体通常会在生长过程中积累较高含量的糖醇及海藻糖,这些碳水化合物的积累能够促进食用菌的生长,而在灵芝中的同类研究较少,本研究通过高效阴离子-脉冲安培法对沪农灵芝一号子实体发育过程中不同部位的糖类成分的含量变化进行分析,发现灵芝子实体中主要的可溶性糖类成分是阿拉伯糖醇、甘露醇和海藻糖,甘露醇在子实体成熟时的菌盖中的含量达到最高值,阿拉伯糖醇在产孢子期的子实体中含量较高,两种糖醇的含量呈现相反的变化趋势,一种糖醇积累的同时会消耗利用另一种糖醇,而海藻糖在灵芝子实体的整个生长过程中含量处于较低水平,仅在子实体初期的菌基部位检测到较高的含量;同时通过qRT-PCR技术检测灵芝子实体不同部位中这几种糖类的主要代谢酶基因的表达变化,发现这些代谢酶在子实体的菌基部位的表达水平相对其他部位较高,且随着子实体生长这一差异更加显著,这一结果表明灵芝中的糖醇和海藻糖分布差异可能是先由菌基的菌丝体中合成产物并转运到子实体不同部位,再经过一段时间的积累和代谢之后产生。     

福建九阜山野生果树植物资源补遗

对福建省尤溪县九阜山省级自然保护区的野生果树资源作进一步调查,发现原有文献未报道的野生果树30科 46属55种8变种,现予增补,列出增补的野生果树植物的科名、中文名、学名、性状、果期、果型、果实用途、生境与分布海拔,并对开发利用提出建议。     

珍稀药用真菌桑黄的国内外研究进展

桑黄是一种十分珍贵的药用真菌,对增强人体免疫功能及治疗疾病等方面都有明显作用。综述了近年来国内外学者对桑黄的名称、地区分布、化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究进展。     

Structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms

A novel lectin has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the common edible mushroom Boletus edulis (king bolete, penny bun, porcino or cep) by affinity chromatography on a chitin column. We propose for the lectin the name BEL (B. edulis lectin). BEL inhibits selectively the proliferation of several malignant cell lines and binds the neoplastic cell-specific T-antigen disaccharide, Galβ1-3GalNAc. The lectin was structurally characterized: the molecule is a homotetramer and the 142-amino acid sequence of the chains was determined. The protein belongs to the saline-soluble family of mushroom fruiting body-specific lectins. BEL was also crystallized and its three-dimensional structure was determined by X-ray diffraction to 1.15 ? resolution. The structure is similar to that of Agaricus bisporus lectin. Using the appropriate co-crystals, the interactions of BEL with specific mono- and disaccharides were also studied by X-ray diffraction. The six structures of carbohydrate complexes reported here provide details of the interactions of the ligands with the lectin and shed light on the selectivity of the two distinct binding sites present in each protomer.     

Temperature affects the timing and duration of fungal fruiting patterns across major terrestrial biomes

The Earth's ecosystems are affected by a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors. While global temperatures increase, associated changes in the fruiting behaviour of fungi remain unknown. Here, we analyse 6.1 million fungal fruit body (mushroom) records and show that the major terrestrial biomes exhibit similarities and differences in fruiting events. We observed one main fruiting peak in most years across all biomes. However, in boreal and temperate biomes, there was a substantial number of years with a second peak, indicating spring and autumn fruiting. Distinct fruiting peaks are spatially synchronized in boreal and temperate biomes, but less defined and longer in the humid tropics. The timing and duration of fungal fruiting were significantly related to temperature mean and variability. Temperature-dependent aboveground fungal fruiting behaviour, which is arguably also representative of belowground processes, suggests that the observed biome-specific differences in fungal phenology will change in space and time when global temperatures continue to increase.