共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Critical Impact of Hole Transporting Layers and Back Electrode on the Stability of Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Module
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Properties of hole transporting layers (HTLs) and back electrode are very critical to the stability of inverted bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules. Here, various deposition methods for back electrodes and materials of HTLs are examined by applying to inverted organic solar cells with a structure of indium tin oxide/ZnO/photoactive layer/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/Ag. The experiment is performed on encapsulated modules with flexible barrier films under accelerated conditions. The OPV modules with screen‐printed Ag electrodes are shown to be electrically unstable with a reduction of the current density under damp heat condition at 85 °C/85% RH. Optical images for the active layer/PEDOT:PSS interface reveal that a reaction between the solvent from the Ag electrode and the underlying layers is the major cause for the degradation. In comparison with materials of the HTLs, the PEDOT:PSS layer shows low stability compared to the MoO3 layer under the accelerated conditions. Unusual chemical changes in the PEDOT:PSS film are observed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and this is further addressed by correlating the stability of the OPV devices. 相似文献
2.
Gisele A. dos Reis Benatto Bérenger Roth Morten V. Madsen Markus Hösel Roar R. Søndergaard Mikkel Jørgensen Frederik C. Krebs 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(15)
As mass‐produced, low‐cost organic electronics enter our everyday lives, so does the waste from them. The challenges associated with end‐of‐life management must be addressed by careful design and carbon‐based electrodes are central to these developments. Here, the reproducible production of vacuum‐, indium tin oxide (ITO)‐, and silver‐free solar cells in a fully packaged form using only roll‐to‐roll processing is reported. Replacing silver with carbon as electrode material significantly lowers the manufacturing cost and makes the organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules environmentally safe while retaining their flexibility, active area efficiency, and stability. The substitution of silver with carbon does not affect the roll‐to‐roll manufacturing of the modules and allows for the same fast printing and coating. The use of carbon as electrode material is one step closer to the wide release of low‐cost plastic solar cells and opens the door to new possible applications where silver recycling is not manageable. 相似文献
3.
Jens Czolk Andreas Puetz Dimitar Kutsarov Manuel Reinhard Uli Lemmer Alexander Colsmann 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(3):386-390
Window‐ or building‐integrated semi‐transparent solar cells are particularly interesting applications for organic photovoltaic devices. In this work, we present an easy‐to‐process inverted device architecture comprising fully solution processable poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) bilayer top‐electrodes for efficient semi‐transparent organic solar cells. By incorporating dyes with a complementary absorption to the light harvesting polymer poly[[9‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐9H‐carbazole‐2,7‐diyl]‐2,5‐thiophenediyl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl‐2,5‐thiophenediyl] (PCDTBT) into the PEDOT:PSS electrode, we achieve fully color neutral transparency perception and a color rendering index approaching 100. This makes the devices suitable for applications such as window shadowing or the integration into overhead glazing. 相似文献
4.
Roll‐to‐Roll Printed Large‐Area All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 5% Efficiency Based on a Low Crystallinity Conjugated Polymer Blend
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yan Zhou Kevin Gu Tadanori Kurosawa Yikun Guo Yunke Li Haoran Lin Hongping Yan Francisco Molina‐Lopez Christopher J. Tassone Cheng Wang Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld He Yan Dahui Zhao Michael F. Toney Zhenan Bao 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(14)
The challenge of continuous printing in high‐efficiency large‐area organic solar cells is a key limiting factor for their widespread adoption. A materials design concept for achieving large‐area, solution‐coated all‐polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with stable phase separation morphology between the donor and acceptor is presented. The key concept lies in inhibiting strong crystallization of donor and acceptor polymers, thus forming intermixed, low crystallinity, and mostly amorphous blends. Based on experiments using donors and acceptors with different degree of crystallinity, the results show that microphase separated donor and acceptor domain sizes are inversely proportional to the crystallinity of the conjugated polymers. This methodology of using low crystallinity donors and acceptors has the added benefit of forming a consistent and robust morphology that is insensitive to different processing conditions, allowing one to easily scale up the printing process from a small‐scale solution shearing coater to a large‐scale continuous roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printer. Large‐area all‐polymer solar cells are continuously roll‐to‐roll slot die printed with power conversion efficiencies of 5%, with combined cell area up to 10 cm2. This is among the highest efficiencies realized with R2R‐coated active layer organic materials on flexible substrate. 相似文献
5.
Shuyan Shao Jian Liu Jonas Bergqvist Shengwei Shi Clemens Veit Uli Würfel Zhiyuan Xie Fengling Zhang 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(3):349-355
A solution‐processed neutral hole transport layer is developed by in situ formation of MoO3 in aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion (MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS). This MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS composite film takes advantage of both the highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and the ambient conditions stability of MoO3; consequently it possesses a smooth surface and considerably reduced hygroscopicity. The resulting bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSC) based on poly[2,3‐bis‐(3‐octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline‐5,8‐diyl‐alt‐thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (TQ1):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) blends using MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS composite film as hole transport layer (HTL) show considerable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 5.5% to 6.4%, compared with the reference pristine PEDOT:PSS‐based device. More importantly, the device with MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS HTL shows considerably improved stability, with the PCE remaining at 80% of its original value when stored in ambient air in the dark for 10 days. In comparison, the reference solar cell with PEDOT:PSS layer shows complete failure within 10 days. This MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS implies the potential for low‐cost roll‐to‐roll fabrication of high‐efficiency polymer solar cells with long‐term stability at ambient conditions. 相似文献
6.
Ning Li Derya Baran Karen Forberich Mathieu Turbiez Tayebeh Ameri Frederik C. Krebs Christoph J. Brabec 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(12):1597-1605
Photovoltaic tandem technology has the potential to boost the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. Here, a reliable and efficient fully solution‐processed intermediate layer (IML) consisting of ZnO and neutralized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is demonstrated for series‐connected multi‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs). Drying at 80 °C in air is sufficient for this solution‐processed IML to obtain excellent functionality and reliability, which allow the use of most of high performance donor materials in the tandem structure. An open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.56 V is obtained for single‐junction OSCs based on a low band‐gap polymer, while multi‐junction OSCs based on the same absorber material deliver promising fill factor values along with fully additive Voc as the number of junctions increase. Optical and electrical simulations, which are reliable and promising guidelines for the design and investigation of multi‐junction OSCs, are discussed. The outcome of optical and electrical simulations is in excellent agreement with the experimental data, indicating the outstanding efficiency and functionality of this solution‐processed IML. The demonstration of this efficient, solution‐processed IML represents a convenient way for facilitating fabrication of multi‐junction OSCs to achieve high power conversion efficiency. 相似文献
7.
Yong Woon Han Sung Jae Jeon Hyoung Seok Lee Hongkwan Park Kwang Su Kim Ho‐Won Lee Doo Kyung Moon 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(42)
To ensure laboratory‐to‐industry transfer of next‐generation energy harvesting organic solar cells (OSCs), it is necessary to develop flexible OSC modules that can be produced on a continuous roll‐to‐roll basis and to apply an all‐solution process. In this study, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)‐based donor polymer, SMD2, is newly designed and synthesized to continuously fabricate high‐performance flexible OSC modules. Also, multifunctional hole transport layers (HTLs), WO3/HTL solar bilayer HTLs, are developed and applied via an all‐solution process called “ProcessOne” into inverted structure. SMD2, the donor terpolymer, has a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and can achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.3% with NFAs without any pre‐/post‐treatment because of its optimal balance between crystallinity and miscibility. Furthermore, the integration of multifunctional HTLs enables the recovery of the drop in open circuit voltage (VOC) caused by a mismatch in energy levels between the deep HOMO level of the NFAs‐based bulk‐heterojunction layer and the solution‐processed HTLs. Also, the photostability under ultraviolet‐exposure necessary for “ProcessOne” is greatly improved because of the integration of multifunctional HTLs. Consequently, because of the synergistic effects of these approaches, the flexible OSC modules fabricated in an industrial production line have a PCE of 5.25% (Pmax = 419.6 mW) on an active area of 80 cm2. 相似文献
8.
Making Ends Meet: Flow Synthesis as the Answer to Reproducible High‐Performance Conjugated Polymers on the Scale that Roll‐to‐Roll Processing Demands
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Martin Helgesen Jon E. Carlé Gisele A. dos Reis Benatto Roar R. Søndergaard Mikkel Jørgensen Eva Bundgaard Frederik C. Krebs 《Liver Transplantation》2015,5(9)
Continuous flow methods are employed for the controlled polymerization of the roll‐to‐roll (R2R) compatible polymer PBDTTTz‐4 including optimization and upscaling experiments. The polymerization rate and materials’ quality can be increased significantly with the continuous flow method where reaction times down to 10 min afforded PBDTTTz‐4 with high molecular weight and a constant quality. The flow method enables full control of the molecular weight via tuning of the flow speed, catalyst loading, and temperature and avoids variation in materials’ quality associated with conventional batch synthesis. Upscaling from 300 mg batch synthesis to 10 g flow synthesis affords PBDTTTz‐4 with a production rate of up to 120 g day?1 for a very simple in‐house build flow reactor. An average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.5% is achieved on a small scale (1 cm2) and an average PCE of 3.3% is achieved on a large scale (29 cm2). This shows that small device efficiencies can be scaled when using full R2R processing of flexible and encapsulated carbon‐based modules without the use of vacuum, indium‐tin‐oxide, or silver, with the best achieving a PCE of 3.8% PCE. 相似文献
9.
Matrix Organization and Merit Factor Evaluation as a Method to Address the Challenge of Finding a Polymer Material for Roll Coated Polymer Solar Cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Eva Bundgaard Francesco Livi Ole Hagemann Jon E. Carlé Martin Helgesen Ilona M. Heckler Natalia K. Zawacka Dechan Angmo Thue T. Larsen‐Olsen Gisele A. dos Reis Benatto Bérenger Roth Morten V. Madsen Mats R. Andersson Mikkel Jørgensen Roar R. Søndergaard Frederik C. Krebs 《Liver Transplantation》2015,5(10)
The results presented demonstrate how the screening of 104 light‐absorbing low band gap polymers for suitability in roll coated polymer solar cells can be accomplished through rational synthesis according to a matrix where 8 donor and 13 acceptor units are organized in rows and columns. Synthesis of all the polymers corresponding to all combinations of donor and acceptor units is followed by characterization of all the materials with respect to molecular weight, electrochemical energy levels, band gaps, photochemical stability, carrier mobility, and photovoltaic parameters. The photovoltaic evaluation is carried out with specific reference to scalable manufacture, which includes large area (1 cm2), stable inverted device architecture, an indium‐tin‐oxide‐free fully printed flexible front electrode with ZnO/PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate), and a printed silver comb back electrode structure. The matrix organization enables fast identification of active layer materials according to a weighted merit factor that includes more than simply the power conversion efficiency and is used as a method to identify the lead candidates. Based on several characteristics included in the merit factor, it is found that 13 out of the 104 synthesized polymers outperformed poly(3‐hexylthiophene) under the chosen processing conditions and thus can be suitable for further development. 相似文献
10.
Jinwook Kim Dan Ouyang Haifei Lu Fei Ye Yuwei Guo Ni Zhao Wallace C. H. Choy 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(15)
For ideal flexible transparent electrodes, the features of good electrical/optical properties, low surface roughness, efficient charge transportation, robust electrical stability under simultaneously continuous operation bias, and mechanical bending are critical. Herein, a flexible transparent electrode fulfilling all these features is demonstrated by silver (Ag) nanonetwork composites semi‐embedded in low‐temperature‐processed colorless polyimide (cPI), which shows a figure of merit over 1000 (5.4 Ω sq?1 sheet resistance and >94% diffused transmission at 550 nm wavelength), extremely smooth topography (<1 nm root‐mean‐square roughness and <3 nm peak‐to‐valley roughness), remarkable bending stability under continuous operation bias, and increased work function favoring the band alignment with typical charge transport layers for efficient devices. These characteristics are attributed to one‐step multifunctional chemical treatment on the composite of Ag nanowires and an example polymer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The strategic one‐step process simultaneously offers selective welding at nanowires cross junctions to form an Ag nanonetwork, and removing polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant from Ag nanowires and PSS from PEDOT:PSS. The flexible electrode also favors the residue‐free cPI transfer for applications. Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) made from the electrode achieve an averaged power conversion efficiency of 14.46% (best, 15.12%), which is the best flexible OSCs reported so far. 相似文献
11.
Nayool Shin Lee J. Richter Andrew A. Herzing R. Joseph Kline Dean M. DeLongchamp 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(7):938-948
The use of processing additives has emerged as a powerful approach for the optimization of active layer performance in organic photovoltaic devices. However, definitive physical mechanisms explaining the impact of additives have not yet been determined. To elucidate the role of additives, we have studied the time evolution of structure in polymer‐fullerene films blade‐coated from additive containing solutions using in‐situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV–vis transmission. Additives that are poor solvents for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), such as 1,8‐octanedithiol, and additives that are good solvents for P3HT, such as 1‐chloronapthalene, both promote improved polymer order, phase segregation, and device performance. Regardless of the presence or type of additive, the polymer order develops under conditions of extreme supersaturation. Additives, regardless of whether they are solvents for P3HT, promote earlier polymer aggregation compared to additive ‐ free solutions presumably by degrading the solvent quality. We find evidence that the details of the final film morphology may be linked to the influence of the substrate and long‐time film plasticization in the cases of the non‐solvent and solvent respectively. 相似文献
12.
George Y. Margulis M. Greyson Christoforo David Lam Zach M. Beiley Andrea R. Bowring Colin D. Bailie Alberto Salleo Michael D. McGehee 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(12):1657-1663
Transparent top electrodes for solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) allow for fabrication of mechanically stacked ssDSC tandems, partially transparent ssDSCs for building integration, and ssDSCs on metal foil substrates. A solution‐processed, highly transparent, conductive electrode based on PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)] and spray‐deposited silver nanowires (Ag NWs) is developed as an effective top contact for ssDSCs. The electrode is solution‐deposited using conditions and solvents that do not damage or dissolve the underlying ssDSC and achieves high performance: a peak transmittance of nearly 93% at a sheet resistance of 18 Ω/square – all without any annealing that would harm the ssDSC. The role of the PEDOT:PSS in the electrode is twofold: it ensures ohmic contact between the ssDSC 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) overlayer and the silver nanowires and it decreases the series resistance of the device. Semitransparent ssDSCs with D35 dye fabricated using this Ag NW/PEDOT:PSS transparent electrode show power conversion efficiencies of 3.6%, nearly as high as a reference device using an evaporated silver electrode (3.7%). In addition, the semitransparent ssDSC shows high transmission between 700–1100 nm, a necessity for use in efficient tandem devices. Such an electrode, in combination with efficient ssDSCs or hybrid perovskite‐sensitized solar cells, can allow for the fabrication of efficient, cost‐effective tandem photovoltaics. 相似文献
13.
Multifunctional Luminescent Down‐Shifting Fluoropolymer Coatings: A Straightforward Strategy to Improve the UV‐Light Harvesting Ability and Long‐Term Outdoor Stability of Organic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Gianmarco Griffini Federico Bella Filippo Nisic Claudia Dragonetti Dominique Roberto Marinella Levi Roberta Bongiovanni Stefano Turri 《Liver Transplantation》2015,5(3)
A new multifunctional coating for photovoltaic cells incorporating light‐management, UV‐protection, and easy‐cleaning capabilities is presented. Such coating consists of a new photocurable fluorinated polymer embedding a luminescent europium complex that acts as luminescent down‐shifting (LDS) material converting UV photons into visible light. The combination of this system with ruthenium‐free organic dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) gives a 70% relative increase in power conversion efficiency as compared with control uncoated devices, which is the highest efficiency enhancement reported to date on organic DSSC systems by means of a polymeric LDS layer. Long‐term (>2000 h) weathering tests in real outdoor conditions reveal the excellent stabilizing effect of the new coating on DSSC devices, which fully preserve their initial performance. This excellent outdoor stability is attributed to the combined action of the luminescent material that acts as UV‐screen and the highly photostable, hydrophobic fluoropolymeric carrier that further prevents photochemical and physical degradation of the solar cell components. The straightforward approach presented to simultaneously improve performance and outdoor stability of DSSC devices may be readily extended to a large variety of sensitizer/luminophore combinations, thus enabling the fabrication of highly efficient and extremely stable DSSCs in an easy and versatile fashion. 相似文献
14.
Carr Hoi Yi Ho Taesoo Kim Yuan Xiong Yuliar Firdaus Xueping Yi Qi Dong Jeromy J. Rech Abay Gadisa Ronald Booth Brendan T. O'Connor Aram Amassian Harald Ade Wei You Thomas D. Anthopoulos Franky So 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(25)
Tandem structure provides a practical way to realize high efficiency organic photovoltaic cells, it can be used to extend the wavelength coverage for light harvesting. The interconnecting layer (ICL) between subcells plays a critical role in the reproducibility and performance of tandem solar cells, yet the processability of the ICL has been a challenge. In this work the fabrication of highly reproducible and efficient tandem solar cells by employing a commercially available material, PEDOT:PSS HTL Solar (HSolar), as the hole transporting material used for the ICL is reported. Comparing with the conventional PEDOT:PSS Al 4083 (c‐PEDOT), HSolar offers a better wettability on the underlying nonfullerene photoactive layers, resulting in better charge extraction properties of the ICL. When FTAZ:IT‐M and PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F are used as the subcells, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7% is achieved in the tandem solar cell. To validate the processability of these tandem solar cells, three other research groups have successfully fabricated tandem devices using the same recipe and the highest PCE obtained is 16.1%. With further development of donor polymers and device optimization, the device simulation results show that a PCE > 22% can be realized in tandem cells in the near future. 相似文献
15.
Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene): Methylnaphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate: The Effect of Work Function and Structural Homogeneity on Hole Injection/Extraction Properties
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yuda Li Meiyue Liu Yuan Li Kai Yuan Lijia Xu Wei Yu Runfeng Chen Xueqing Qiu Hin‐Lap Yip 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(6)
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as hole injection/extraction material in organic optoelectronics. However, there still exist drawbacks for PEDOT:PSS such as low work function (WF), poor structural and electrical homogeneity. To solve these problems, methylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (MNSF) is applied, which has excellent dispersion property, branched chemical structure, and low cost, as dispersant and dopant instead of linear PSS to prepare PEDOT:MNSF. The hole injection/extraction capability of PEDOT:MNSF is systematically studied in organic optoelectronic devices. PEDOT:MNSF‐1:6 exhibits unexpected high device performance with a maxima current efficiency of 33.4 cd A?1 in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode and a power conversion efficiency of 13.1% in CH3NH3PbIx Cl3?x ‐based inverted perovskite solar cell, respectively. Compared with PEDOT:PSS, the relatively higher efficiency of PEDOT:MNSF‐1:6 is attributed mainly to its higher WF of 5.29 eV, structural and electrical homogeneity. Our research displays a promising future of MNSF as a cheap and widely available alternative of PSS. Moreover, a clear map is provided for the design of dopant for PEDOT considering the structure of dopant. 相似文献
16.
Miao Zeng Xiaojing Wang Ruijie Ma Weiya Zhu Yuan Li Zhongxin Chen Jiawen Zhou Wenqiang Li Tao Liu Zhicai He He Yan Fei Huang Yong Cao 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(25)
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been is applied as hole transport material in organic electronic devices for more than 20 years. However, the redundant sulfonic acid group of PEDOT:PSS has often been overlooked. Herein, PEDOT:PSS‐DA is prepared via a facile doping of PEDOT:PSS with dopamine hydrochloride (DA·HCl) which reacts with the redundant sulfonic acid of PSS. The PEDOT:PSS‐DA film exhibits enhanced work function and conductivity compared to those of PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT:PSS‐DA‐based devices show a power conversion efficiency of 16.55% which is the highest in organic solar cells (OSCs) with (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithio‐phene))‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PM6):(2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′′,3′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile) (Y6) as the active layer. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS‐DA also exhibits enhanced performance in three other donor/acceptor systems, exhibiting high compatibility in OSCs. This work demonstrates that doping PEDOT:PSS with various amino derivatives is a potentially efficient strategy to enhance the performance of PEDOT:PSS in organic electronic devices. 相似文献
17.
Brian J. Worfolk Tate C. Hauger Kenneth D. Harris David A. Rider Jordan A. M. Fordyce Serge Beaupré Mario Leclerc Jillian M. Buriak 《Liver Transplantation》2012,2(3):361-368
A water‐soluble cationic polythiophene derivative, poly[3‐(6‐{4‐tert‐butylpyridiniumyl}‐hexyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] [P3(TBP)HT], is combined with anionic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(p‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (eLbL) assembly. By varying the number of eLbL layers, the electrode's work function is precisely controlled from 4.6 to 3.8 eV. These polymeric coatings are used as cathodic interfacial modifiers for inverted‐mode organic photovoltaics that incorporate a photoactive layer composed of either poly[(3‐hexylthiophene)‐2,5‐diyl] (P3HT) and the fullerene acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or the low bandgap polymer [poly({4,8‐di(2‐ethylhexyloxyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene}‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐({5‐octylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione}‐1,3‐diyl) (PBDTTPD)] and the electron acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting photovoltaic device is dependent on the composition of the eLbL‐assembled interface and permits the fabrication of devices with efficiencies of 3.8% and 5.6% for P3HT and PBDTTPD donor polymers, respectively. Notably, these devices demonstrate significant stability with a P3HT:PC61BM system maintaining 83% of its original PCE after 1 year of storage and a PBDTTPD:PC71BM system maintaining 97% of its original PCE after over 1000 h of storage in air, according to the ISOS‐D‐1 shelf protocol. 相似文献
18.
Jeongjoo Lee You‐Hyun Seo Sung‐Nam Kwon Do‐Hyung Kim Seokhoon Jang Hyeonwoo Jung Youngu Lee Hasitha Weerasinghe Taehyo Kim Jin Young Kim Doojin Vak Seok‐In Na 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(36)
The record efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing, due to the discovery of high‐performance photoactive donor and acceptor materials. However, strong questions remain as to whether such high‐efficiency PSCs can be produced by scalable processes. This paper reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.5% achieved with single‐junction ternary PSCs based on PTB7‐Th, PC71BM, and COi8DFIC fabricated by slot‐die coating, which shows the highest PCE ever reported in PSCs fabricated by a scalable process. To understand the origin of the high performance of the slot‐die coated device, slot‐die coated photoactive films and devices are systematically investigated. These results indicate that the good performance of the slot‐die PSCs can be due to a favorable molecule‐structure and film‐morphology change by introducing 1,8‐diiodooctane and heat treatment, which can lead to improved charge transport with reduced carrier recombination. The optimized condition is then used for the fabrication of large‐area modules and also for roll‐to‐roll fabrication. The slot‐die coated module with 30 cm2 active‐area and roll‐to‐roll produced flexible PSC has shown 8.6% and 9.6%, respectively. These efficiencies are the highest in each category and demonstrate the strong potential of the slot‐die coated ternary system for commercial applications. 相似文献
19.
Tao Wang Nicholas W. Scarratt Hunan Yi Alan D. F. Dunbar Andrew J. Pearson Darren C. Watters Tom S. Glen Andrew C. Brook James Kingsley Alastair R. Buckley Maximilian W. A. Skoda Athene M. Donald Richard A. L. Jones Ahmed Iraqi David G. Lidzey 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(4):505-512
We report the fabrication of high performance organic solar cells by spray‐coating the photoactive layer in air. The photovoltaic blends consist of a blend of carbazole and benzothiadiazole based donor–acceptor copolymers and the fullerene derivative PC70BM. Here, we formulate a number of photovoltaic inks using a range of solvent systems that we show can all be deposited by spray casting. We use a range of techniques to characterize the structure of such films, and show that spray‐cast films have comparable surface roughness to spin‐cast films and that vertical stratification that occurs during film drying reduces the concentration of PCBM towards the underlying PEDOT:PSS interface. We also show that the active layer thickness and the drying kinetics can be tuned through control of the substrate temperature. High power conversion efficiencies of 4.3%, 4.5% and 4.6% were obtained for solar cells made from a blend of PC70BM with the carbazole‐based co‐polymers PCDTBT, P2 and P1. By applying a low temperature anneal after the deposition of the cathode, the efficiency of spray‐cast solar‐cells based on a P2:PC70BM blend is increased to 5.0%. Spray coating holds significant promise as a technique capable of fabricating large‐area, high performance organic solar cells in air. 相似文献
20.
Efficient Non‐Fullerene Organic Photovoltaic Modules Incorporating As‐Cast and Thickness‐Insensitive Photoactive Layers
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
In this work, a new combination of a wide bandgap polymer poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]‐dithiophene‐alt‐N‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐5′5‐bis[3‐(decylthio)thiophene‐2‐yl]‐2′2‐bithiophene‐3′3‐dicarboximide] (PBTIBDTT) and a non‐fullerene small molecule acceptor based on a bulky seven‐ring fused core (indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) end‐capped with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile groups with one fluorine substituent (ITIC‐F) is proposed, and as‐cast non‐fullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) with 11.2% efficiency are achieved. The device efficiencies are also insensitive to the variation of photoactive layer (PAL) thickness and can maintain over 9% efficiency as PAL thickness increases to 350 nm, which is one of the best results for as‐cast organic solar cells. More importantly, non‐fullerene organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules are demonstrated via laser ablation technique for the first time, which delivers a record efficiency of 8.6% (with active area of 3.48 cm2) among large‐area OPV modules. Furthermore, the morphology and performance evolutions of the as‐cast NFOSCs and the ones processed with solvent additive are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate the great advantage of as‐cast solar cells in achieving constant morphology and high performance with thick PALs. The NFOSCs fabricated with simple procedure, insensitive to film thickness and compatible with large‐area OPV modules, show significant potential for application the future. 相似文献