新科Rhizoplacopsidaceae中的新属及新种Rhizoplacopsis weichingii

本文描述了位于新科盾叶科 Rhizoplacopsidaceae(Umbilicariales,Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota)中的新属盾叶属 Rhizoplacopsis 和新种蔚青盾叶 Rhizoplacopsis weichingii。蔚青盾叶取名于著名中国真菌学家王云章教授之字“蔚青”,作为庆祝教授百岁生日之纪念。该新种在外形上与 Rhizoplaca 属地衣极为相似,但位于地衣体上的子囊盘却为网衣型。此外,它的子囊顶器结构非常接近于 Umbilicaria-type。基于分子数据,对 Rhizoplacopsis weichingii 及其它相关地衣进行的系统发育分析支持成立新属盾叶属 vRhizoplacopsis 和新科盾叶科 Rhizoplacopsidaceae。     

辽宁本溪中三叠统林家瓣轮叶(新种)

在对中国东北辽宁本溪中三叠统林家组的化石研究中,发现了木贼目瓣轮叶属一个新种——林家瓣轮叶(Lobatannularia linjiaensis sp. nov.)。该种叶轮小,明显分成两瓣,每瓣叶数约10–12枚。叶线形至倒披针形,叶长差别大,叶联合长度占叶长约1/3–3/4。自1927年Kawasaki建立瓣轮叶属以来,该属已至少发现了33种,其中大部分报道于二叠纪,少数见于三叠纪。瓣轮叶属作为晚古生代华夏植物群孑遗分子之一,当前该属新种的发现不仅丰富了瓣轮叶属的分类多样性,而且拓展了对二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物大灭绝及之后复苏过程中瓣轮叶属演化趋势的认识。     

中国环并盾蚧属一新种 (同翅目:盾蚧科)

据冈木村夫博士和汤(衤方)德教授1982年报导,环并盾蚧类(Quernaspis Group)包括三属七种,其中环并盾蚧属(Quernaspis)三种,分布在北美;新环并盾蚧属(Neoquernaspis)三种,产于东亚,其中两种分布在中国,一种分布在尼泊尔;中华环并盾蚧属(Sinoqu-ernaspis)一种,分布在中国。本文记述的新种属于新环并盾蚧属。钩新环并盾蚧Neoquernaspis unciformis,新种     

盾盘菌属一个新的球孢种——中国盾盘菌

本文报道在我国贵州省发现的一个盾盘菌属新种。此新种具有独特的球形子囊孢子,与该属中目前已知的球孢种类截然不同,故命名为中国盾盘菌Scutellinia sinensis M.H.Liu。根据Schumacher的分类系统,此新种应归属于盾盘菌属Scutellinia中的列氏亚属Subg.Legalia,列氏组Sect.Legalia,列氏系Ser.Legalia。与此新种近似的种是沼生盾盘菌S.paludicola(Boud.)Le Gal,但后者在许多方面均不同于此新种,特别是它的较大的子囊和子囊孢子,孢子表面特征也明显不同。     

中国新栎盾蚧属一新种及二新纪录种(同翅目:蚧总科:盾蚧科)

记述新栎盾蚧属Neoquernaspis Howell et Takagi,1981一新种,即细管新栎盾蚧N.leptosipha sp.nov和2种中国分布新纪录种,即石柯新栎盾蚧N.beshearae Liu et Tippins,1988和尼泊尔新栎盾蚧N.nepalensis (Takagi,1977),并编制了该属中国已知种类检索表,新种模式标本和新纪录标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

线盾蚧属一新种(同翅目:蚧总科)

笔者在皖南竹林内采集蚧虫标本时,发现线盾蚧属(Kuwanaspis Mcgillivray 1921)一新种,因此种第2对臀叶分裂成6小叶,故命名为多叶线盾蚧,现记述如下(单位均为毫米)。 多叶线盾Kuwanaspis foliosus新种(图1)     

星果衣属(乳嘴衣科)一新种和一中国新记录种

通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子系统学相结合的方法对中国星果衣属地衣型真菌进行研究,发现该属一新种即Astrothelium sinense和一中国新记录种A.macrocarpum.新种的主要特征为地衣体具有突起,子囊器除顶端呈黑色外边缘部分形成白色环状区域且地衣体和假子座均为UV+黄色,含有地衣黄等.分别与其相似种进...     

中国石鳞衣属（石鳞衣科）地衣一新种

通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子系统学相结合的方法对采自巴音布鲁克自然保护区的地衣进行分类学研究,发现石鳞衣属地衣一新种——白缘石鳞衣Gypsoplaca albimarginata。新种的主要特征为地衣体具白色边缘、假根,子囊盘红褐色、镶嵌在鳞片表面。本研究对该种进行了详细的形态特征描述,并与其相似种进行了比较和讨论。     

华东叶螨—新属—新种（蜱螨目：叶螨科）

作者在研究园林叶螨时,在安徽黄山发现了属于叶螨族Tetranychini Reck,1950的一新属新种,属订名为忻叶螨属Xinella gen.nov.,,以示作者对复旦大学忻介六教授的崇高敬意和感谢。忻叶螨属Xinella Ma et Wang,新属 模式种:黄山忻叶螨Xinella huangshanensis,新种。     

中国果疣衣属地衣的研究

果疣衣属地衣系子囊菌门Ascomycota,子囊菌纲Ascomycetes,茶渍衣亚纲Lecanoromycetidae,鸡皮衣目Pertusariales,鸡皮衣科Pertusariaceae的成员。由于粉色果疣衣Varicellariarhodocarpa在中国的首次发现,使中国地衣区系中新增添了一个属:果疣衣属Varicellaria。该属迄今已知仅含三种,即粉芽果疣衣V.kemensis,八孢果疣衣V.carneonivea及粉色果疣衣V.rhodocarpa。果疣衣属为壳状地衣,地衣体微薄,膜质;子囊盘茶渍型,单个或数个聚生于瘤状果疣中;类侧丝多分枝并呈网状缠绕;子囊内含单孢或八孢;子囊孢子大型(长度为200~400mm),双胞,无色透明,椭圆形;孢子壁厚达27mm;与鸡皮衣属不同之处在于前者子囊内含双胞孢子,后者子囊内含单胞孢子。由于该属在中国是首次被发现,为了进一步的研究,文中还提供了该属迄今已知的全部三种的分种检索表。粉色果疣衣以其地衣体基本无粉芽和遇Pd呈负反应而区别于粉芽果疣衣,以子囊内含单孢而区别于八孢果疣衣。通过薄板层析法首次从该种髓部检测出茶渍衣酸。其地理成分为北极高山种,主要分布于欧洲的挪威、瑞典、芬兰、阿尔卑斯山脉,喀尔巴阡山脉、苏格兰以及北美洲;在亚洲迄今只见于日本与中国。     

子囊菌的一个新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei & Q.M. Zhou

本文基于核糖体SSU rDNA序列对石耳科Umbilicariaceae的系统地位进行了研究.将所获得的石耳科地衣中6个种的SSU rDNA序列与GenBank中其它地衣型及非地衣型真菌的相关序列进行比对用于系统发育研究.结果表明长期以来系统地位不够明确而暂时被置于茶渍目Lecanorales的石耳科不能被包括在茶渍目中,分子数据支持成立石耳目Umbilicariales.基于分子数据并结合形态学和解剖学特征描述了新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei & Q.M. Zhou(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota).     

子囊菌的一个新目Umbilicariales J.C.Wei & Q.M.Zhou

本文基于核糖体SSU rDNA序列对石耳科Umbilicariaceae的系统地位进行了研究.将所获得的石耳科地衣中6个种的SSU rDNA序列与GenBank中其它地衣型及非地衣型真菌的相关序列进行比对用于系统发育研究.结果表明长期以来系统地位不够明确而暂时被置于茶渍目Lecanorales的石耳科不能被包括在茶渍目中,分子数据支持成立石耳目Umbilicariales.基于分子数据并结合形态学和解剖学特征描述了新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei ＆ Q.M. Zhou（Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota）.     

Characterization of Kudoa monodactyli n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from the Muscle of Monodactylus argenteus (Teleostei: Monodactylidae) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

Kudoa monodactyli n. sp. is described from the somatic musculature of Monodactylus argenteus from several localities in southern Queensland, Australia. This is the first record of a myxozoan parasite from the family Monodactylidae. The spores typically have five polar capsules, making this species similar to the four other five-valved Kudoa species (K. neurophila, K. muscularis, K. shulmani, K. cutanea) that have been described to date. However, morphometric measurements particularly of spore length and width make the species from M. argenteus distinct from the other species. Comparison of the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence of this species with its congeners for which sequence data are available, provides further evidence of novelty. Kudoa monodactyli n. sp. displays 38 (of 1,554) nucleotide differences compared with rDNA sequence of Kudoa neurophila, which on phylogenetic analysis places these species in clades exclusive of each other. Phylogenetic analyses also provide evidence that the number of valves per spore in this genus is an imperfect indicator of relatedness.     

Three new species of deep‐sea Gromia (Protista,Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea,Antarctica

We describe three new species of the genus Gromia from bathyal and abyssal depths in the Weddell Sea. The new species are characterized by a combination of morphological and molecular criteria. All three species possess a distinct oral capsule and a layer of ‘honeycomb membranes’, which form the inner part of the organic test wall. Both these features are typical of gromiids. Their identification as gromiids is confirmed by analyses of partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) gene sequences. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. is a rounded species with a prominent oral capsule and a characteristically mottled appearance. In Gromia melinus sp. nov. , the test surface exhibits a polygonal pattern of ridges, with a layer of clay particles coating the surface between the ridges. Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. represents an elongate morphotype in which the organic test is enclosed within an agglutinated case, a feature previously unknown in gromiids. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum‐likelihood method revealed that all three species form distinct clades, reflecting the morphological differences among Weddell Sea species, as well as between deep‐water Southern Ocean Gromia and previously described gromiids. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157 , 451–469.     

Primers for identification and polymorphism assessment of Vespertilionid bats in the Pacific Northwest

Species‐specific primers for portions of the mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosomal subunit gene were designed to identify bats of the family Vespertilionidae (Mammalia). Two fragments, each of 190 base pairs, were found to contain sufficient genetic variability to consistently resolve 10 of the 14 Pacific Northwest species included in this study. The remaining four species could be resolved into two sets of paired species that were unique from the other 10 species. These primers are demonstrably useful for purposes of surveys designed for species identification of bats, including using DNA extracted from guano collected from roost sites when bats are absent.     

Metapeyssonnelia tangerina (Peyssonneliaceae,Rhodophyta), a new species associated with coral reef habitats in Puerto Rico,Caribbean Sea

A new Metapeyssonnelia species that comprises up to 7% bottom cover at shallow‐water reef habitats in southwest Puerto Rico is described herein. It forms conspicuous orange encrustations on hard substrata and does not grow on living coral as does its two Caribbean congeners. The new species possesses conspicuous, to 30 cm in extent, tightly adherent crusts up to 950 μm thick, only hypobasal calcification, hypothallial cells arranged in broad flabellules and superficial (raised) tetrasporangial and carposporangial nemathecia. Tetrasporangia are pedicellate, borne laterally from cup‐like cells that are derived from basal paraphysal cells. Tetrasporangia measure up to 120 μm long and individual carposporangia to 80 μm long. The new species differs from other Metapeyssonnelia species developmentally in that perithallial cells at mid thallus height will divide laterally to form a new hypothallium. Small subunit gene sequences relate the new species to the two Metapeyssonnelia species that are previously known from Puerto Rico.     

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the xerophilic genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wallemia</Emphasis> (Wallemiomycetes and Wallemiales,cl. et ord. nov.)

The genus Wallemia comprises xerophilic species. Based on parenthesome ultrastructure it has been linked to the Filobasidiales (basidiomycetes). Species show a unique type of conidiogenesis, including basauxic development of fertile hyphae, segregation of conidial units more or less basipetally, and disarticulation of conidial units into mostly four arthrospore-like conidia. Wallemia is known from air, soil, dried food (causing spoilage), and salt. It can be isolated from hypersaline water of man-made salterns on different continents. Based on analyses of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) Wallemia has been placed into a highly supported clade together with Ustilaginomycetes and Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota). Within this clade, it possesses an isolated position distantly related to the Filobasidiales and was characterized by numerous nucleotide substitutions not shared by any other fungus. Tests on xerotolerance indicated that Wallemia presents one of the most xerophilic fungal taxa. Xerotolerance is otherwise rare in the Basidiomycota. To acknowledge its unique morphology, evolution, and xerotolerance, a new basidiomycetous class Wallemiomycetes covering an order Wallemiales, is proposed. Based on differences in conidial size, xerotolerance, and sequence data of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS rDNA), at least three Wallemia species are segregated, identified as Wallemia ichthyophaga, Wallemia sebi, and Torula epizoa var. muriae, for which the combination Wallemia muriae is proposed. The three species are neotypified. Wallemia ichthyophaga differs from W. sebi and W. muriae in numerous nucleotides of the SSU and ITS rDNA. This high variation within Wallemia indicates existence of at least two cryptic genera not distinguishable by morphological characters.     

Candida arabinofermentans, a new L-arabinose fermenting yeast

Candida arabinofermentans (type strain NRRL YB-2248, CBS 8468), a new yeast that ferments the pentose L-arabinose, is described. The three known strains of this new species were isolated from insect frass of pine and larch trees in the U.S. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from the D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA places C. arabinofermentans among the methanol-assimilating yeasts and most closely related to Candida ovalis. Strains of the new species produce 0.7-1.9 g/l ethanol from L-arabinose.     

A Molecular Perspective on Ecological Differentiation and Biogeography of Cyclotrichiid Ciliates

ABSTRACT. Cyclotrichiids are of ecological and evolutionary interest by virtue of their importance in red tide formation, their highly divergent small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, kleptoplastidy, and utility as indicators of eutrophication. However, only seven strains have had their SSU rRNA genes sequenced and their environmental diversity and distribution are largely unknown. We probed 67 globally dispersed freshwater column/sediment and soil DNA samples (eDNAs) and constructed 24 environmental gene libraries using polymerase chain reaction primers specific to an uncharacterised cyclotrichiid subgroup. We reveal a novel, globally ubiquitous freshwater clade comprising 25 genetically distinct SSU ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (SSU-types). Some identical SSU-types were detected at globally widely distributed sites. The SSU-types form four distinct phylogenetic clusters according to marine or non-marine provenance, suggesting at least one major marine–freshwater evolutionary transition within the cyclotrichiids. We used the same primers to sample intensively 18 sampling points in 13 closely situated lakes, each characterised by 14 environmental variables, and showed that molecular detection or non-detection of cyclotrichiids was most significantly influenced by levels of total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and chlorophyll a . Within the subset of lakes in which cyclotrichiids were detected, closely related SSU-types differed in their ecological preferences to pH, total phosphorus, and sample depth.     

Research Note: Molecular phylogenetic affiliations of Dissodinium pseudolunula, Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, Polykrikos cf. schwartzii and Polykrikos kofoidii to Gymnodinium sensu stricto species (Dinophyceae)

Partial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences of Dissodinium pseudolunula Swift ex Elbrächter et Drebes, Pheopolykrikos hartmannii (Zimmermann) Matsuoka et Fukuyo, Polykrikos cf. schwartzii Bütschli and Polykrikos kofoidii Chatton were analyzed to reveal their phylogenetic status. The four athecate dinoflagellate species fell within the clade of Gymnodinium sensu G. Hansen et Moestrup supported by high likelihood values without apparent phylogenetic relationships to neither Gymnodinium species nor each other. Their genetic affiliations to typical Gymnodinium species were morphologically supported by the loop-shaped apical grooves in Pheopolykrikos and Polykrikos species and the Gymnodinium -like motile stage at least once during pleomorphic life cycles in D. pseudolunula and Ph. hartmannii .