毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中一种抗病毒蛋白y3特性和氨基酸序列分析

食用茵中含有多种抗病毒蛋白,可用于植物保护,利用离子交换层析技术和凝胶层析技术,从食用茵毛头鬼伞中提取到抗植物病毒蛋白y3,实验结果表明,y3是一种糖蛋白,利用Western杂交方法可以在发酵茵丝体和子实体中同时检测到,说明可能是组成型表达,根据其N端氨基酸序列,使用RACE-PCR克隆技术,获得了蛋白的氨基酸序列和部分cDNA序列,浓度为2.0 μg/ml时,蛋白y3对烟草花叶病毒(TMV,20 μg/m1)侵染心叶烟的抑制率为50%,实验同时表明,y3还可抑制病毒在寄主普通烟Nicotirma tabacum Var.k326中的复制.     

改构的野生革耳漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达和活性鉴定

在野生革耳漆酶的cDNA序列3’端添加15个核苷酸后得到突变基因lccT。将其克隆入表达载体pPICZαA,重组质粒pPICZαA／lccT经PmeⅠ线性化,电击转化毕赤酵母X-33细胞。经过菌落PCR鉴定的转化子pPICZαA／lccT—X一33在甲醇诱导后分泌表达活性重组漆酶LCCT,比未添加该段序列的野生革耳漆酶基因lcc在毕赤酵母中表达的活性提高2倍多。其培养液上清经凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析后,得到了电泳纯的漆酶蛋白,以ABTS为底物在pH4．5时测得比活为3．68U／mg。根据SDS-PAGE测定的重组漆酶LCCT的表观相对分子质量为62600。     

Molecular Characterization of Laccase Genes from the Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus and Heterologous Expression of the Laccase Lcc1

A laccase from Coprinus cinereus is active at alkaline pH, an essential property for some potential applications. We cloned and sequenced three laccase genes (lcc1, lcc2, and lcc3) from the ink cap basidiomycete C. cinereus. The lcc1 gene contained 7 introns, while both lcc2 and lcc3 contained 13 introns. The predicted mature proteins (Lcc1 to Lcc3) are 58 to 80% identical at the amino acid level. The predicted Lcc1 contains a 23-amino-acid C-terminal extension rich in arginine and lysine, suggesting that C-terminal processing may occur during its biosynthesis. We expressed the Lcc1 protein in Aspergillus oryzae and purified it. The Lcc1 protein as expressed in A. oryzae has an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and absorption maxima at 278 and 614 nm. Based on the N-terminal protein sequence of the laccase, a 4-residue propeptide was processed during the maturation of the enzyme. The dioxygen specificity of the laccase showed an apparent K_m of 21 ± 2 μM and a catalytic constant of 200 ± 10 min⁻¹ for O₂ with 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as the reducing substrate at pH 5.5. Lcc1 from A. oryzae may be useful in industrial applications. This is the first report of a basidiomycete laccase whose biosynthesis involves both N-terminal and C-terminal processing.     

金针菇漆酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

综合运用cDNA末端快速扩增 (RapidAmplificationofcDNAEnds ,RACE )和基因组步行等技术克隆到一个金针菇 (Flammulinavelutipes)的漆酶结构基因和其对应的全长cDNA ,经测序和BLAST比对分析表明该基因属于多铜氧化酶基因家族 ,与已发表的漆酶基因 (AF176 2 30 )的同源性最高 ,在氨基酸水平为 72 %。该结构基因命名为gl ccFv,cDNA命名为lccFv ,其序列提交GenBank ,登录号分别为AY4 85 82 6和AY4 5 0 4 0 6。将lccFv的开放阅读框克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM90 6 ,转化毕赤酵母GS115且实现了分泌表达。将重组毕赤酵母GS115 (pHBM5 6 5 )诱导产酶 ,在培养温度 2 0℃、甲醇流加量为 1 0 % (V V)的情况下 ,其分泌表达的LCCFv的最高酶活为 0 10 70U mL ,最适反应温度为 4 5℃ ,最适反应pH值为 3 9,在最适反应条件下其热稳定性和pH值稳定性均较好     

Cloning and Expression of a Novel Chitinase chi58 from Chaetomium cupreum in Pichia pastoris

A gene encoding a novel chitinase chi58 was cloned from the fungus Chaetomium cupreum by using inverse PCR. The DNA sequence of chi58 contains a 1,602 bp open reading frame and two introns that are 52 and 201 bp in length. Regarding our in silico analysis, chi58 is a modular enzyme composed of a family-18 catalytic domain, which is responsible for chitinase activity, and a chitin-binding domain containing several cysteines. Apparently, the function of these domains is to anchor the enzyme tightly onto the large insoluble polymeric substrate. Chi58 has a pI of 4.47 and a deduced molecular mass of 58 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature conditions were determined to be 5.8 and 45°C, respectively, when colloidal chitin was used as the substrate. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analyses indicated the presence of a single active chitinase. Cells with pPIC9K-chi58 produced an extracellular chitinase that had an activity of 39 U/ml protein. Metal ions such as Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Co²⁺ also influenced the activity of the recombinant enzyme.     

青霉菌聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及酶学性质研究

筛选得到一株能分解果胶的青霉菌(Penicillium sp.),使用简并引物PCR和TAIL-PCR方法从该菌中克隆了一个聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因pgp1.pgp1基因全长1 225 bp,包含2个内含子,其cDNA全长1 104 bp,编码367个氨基酸和一个终止密码子,前18个氨基酸为信号肽序列.将pgp1基因连接pPIC9载体,在巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统中进行了异源表达.在3L发酵罐水平,培养基中聚半乳糖醛酸酶活力达到700 U/mL.酶学性质测定表明,重组酶蛋白PGP1的最适pH为5.0,在pH4.0 -6.0下处理1h后,剩余酶活力超过90％;最适温度为38℃,以聚半乳糖醛酸为底物,PGP1的Km=(1.172±0.169)mg/mL,Vmax=(0.061±0.002) mg/min/mL.     

来源于Penicillium sp.C1的水产用中性植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及性质研究

通过简并引物和TAIL-PCR技术从青霉Penicillium sp. C1菌株的基因组DNA中克隆得到一个新的植酸酶基因,命名为phyC1。其结构基因全长1 477 bp,5’端包含58 bp的内含子序列,该基因编码472个氨基酸和一个终止密码子,前23个氨基酸为信号肽。将PhyC1的成熟蛋白的编码基因在毕赤酵母菌GS115中高效分泌表达,重组蛋白经硫酸铵沉淀和阴离子交换柱和分子筛纯化后达到电泳纯。对其酶学性质分析表明:重组植酸酶PhyC1最适pH为6.5,在pH5.0-10.0的条件下具有较好的稳定性;重组植酸酶PhyC1最适温度为50℃。与现有商品植酸酶相比,PhyC1具有两个显著的特性,如低温条件下具有高活性,尤其是在低于20℃时;在中性pH 7.0条件下仍具有90%以上的相对酶活性,因此,植酸酶PhyC1的优良特性为其在水产行业的应用奠定基础。     

米曲霉木聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:构建米曲霉木聚糖酶基因的真核表达载体,并转化巴斯德毕赤酵母,进行分泌表达。方法:以米曲霉总RNA为模板,根据已知的米曲霉木聚糖酶基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆木聚糖酶基因cDNA序列,将其与pPIC9K质粒连接构建表达载体后转化毕赤酵母,经MM/MD快慢斑筛选,得到Muts型重组子,进行甲醇诱导表达。结果:克隆得到的cDNA序列全长666 bp,连续编码221个氨基酸;阳性克隆子在诱导培养数天后,将菌液点于RBB-木聚糖平板上,产生了明显的透明圈,表明重组木聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中获得表达。结论:木聚糖酶基因的真核表达载体构建成功,并能够在毕赤酵母中表达。     

Expression, purification and characterization of an analgesic peptide from Buthus martensii Karsch in Pichia pastoris

BmK AngM1 is an analgesic peptide from the venom of Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK). The synthetic gene encoding BmK AngM1 was optimized on the basis of its cDNA sequence and the codon usage preference of Pichia pastoris. The codon-optimized gene was cloned into pPIC9K and then transformed into P. pastoris. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant BmK AngM1 (rBmK AngM1) was expressed by the addition of methanol to the medium, and its maximum production reached above 500 mg/l. The purified rBmK AngM1 could be obtained efficiently by Nickel affinity chromatography. Analgesic bioassay, by the mouse-twisting model, showed that rBmK AngM1 had evident analgesic effect with an ED₅₀ of 0.5 mg/kg.     

牛流行热病毒糖蛋白G1抗原表位在毕赤酵母中的表达和抗原性鉴定

从包含牛流行热病毒G蛋白基因的质粒pMD-G中克隆G1抗原表位区基因,亚克隆进表达载体pPIC9K,构建重组载体pPIC9K-G1,线性化后电转化毕赤酵母GS115,通过G418压力和PCR法筛选阳性重组酵母进行诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE、脱糖基化分析、Western blot、ELISA、兔体免疫实验和特异性分析,表明该基因在GS115中表达并进行了适度的糖基化,表达蛋白有良好的生物学活性和特异性,可作为包被抗原,开发ELISA诊断试剂盒。     

Expression and Antigenic Characterization of the Epitope-G1 of the Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Glycoprotein in Pichia pastoris

The epitope-G1 gene of Bovine ephemeral fever virus(BEFV) glycoprotein was synthesised by PCR and cloned into expression vector pPIC9K to construct recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-G1.Then the pPIC9K-G1 was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115.The recombinant P.pastoris strains were selected by a G418 transformation screen and confirmed by PCR.After being induced with methanol,an expressed protein with 26 kDa molecular weight was obtained,which was much bigger than the predicted size(15.54 kDa).Deglycosylation analysis indicated the recombinant G1 was glycosylated.Western blot and ELISA tests,as well as rabbit immunization and specificity experiments indicated that the target protein had both higher reaction activity and higher immunocompetence and specificity.The recombinant G1 protein could be used as a coating antigen to develop an ELISA kit for bovine ephemeral fever diagnosis.     

Overexpression of a Novel Thermostable and Chloride-Tolerant Laccase from Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 in Pichia pastoris and Its Application in Synthetic Dye Decolorization

Laccases have been used for the decolorization and detoxification of synthetic dyes due to their ability to oxidize a wide variety of dyes with water as the sole byproduct. A putative laccase gene (LacTT) from Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 was screened using the genome mining approach, and it was highly expressed in Pichia pastoris, yielding a high laccase activity of 6130 U/L in a 10-L fermentor. The LacTT open reading frame encoded a protein of 466 amino acid residues with four putative Cu-binding regions. The optimal pH of the recombinant LacTT was 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 8.0 with 2,2''-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), syringaldazine (SGZ), guaiacol, and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) as the substrate, respectively. The optimal temperature of LacTT was 90°C with guaiacol as the substrate. LacTT was highly stable at pH 4.0–11.0 and thermostable at 40°C–90°C, confirming that it is a pH-stable and thermostable laccase. Furthermore, LacTT also exhibited high tolerance to halides such as NaCl, NaBr and NaF, and decolorized 100%, 94%, 94% and 73% of Congo Red, Reactive Black B and Reactive Black WNN, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R, respectively. Interestingly, addition of high concentration of NaCl increased the RBBR decolorization efficiency of LacTT. These results suggest that LacTT is a good candidate for industrial applications such as dyestuff processing and degradation of dyes in textile wastewaters.     

Expression of recombinant Bacillus licheniformis xylanase A in Pichia pastoris and xylooligosaccharides released from xylans by it

The mature peptide of Bacillus licheniformis xylanase A (BlxA) was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. After 96-h 0.25% methanol induction, the activity of recombinant B. licheniformis xylanase A (reBlxA) in culture supernatant was 122.9 U/mg. Enzymatic properties assays showed that the optimum temperature and pH for reBlxA were 60 degrees C and pH 6.0, respectively. When treated at 70 degrees C, pH 6.0 for 2 min, the residual activities of the reBlxA were 76%. Over 80% of reBlxA activity was retained after treatment of the enzyme by preincubation over a pH range of 5.0-9.0 for 1h at 25 degrees C. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that xylotriose (X3) was the main hydrolysis product released from birchwood xylan and wheat bran insoluble xylan by reBlxA. The mode of action studies showed that reBlxA was an endo-acting xylanase and xylobiose (X2), xylotriose, xylotetraose (X4), xylopentaose (X5), and xylohexaose (X6) could be hydrolyzed by it. This is the first report on the expression of reBlxA in yeast and on determining and quantifying the hydrolysis products released from xylans by reBlxA.     

平菇漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

采用RTPCR技术克隆到一个平菇(Pleurotusostreatus)漆酶基因的全长cDNA,命名为lccPo1,其序列提交GenBank,登录号为AY450404。将其ORF克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM906,转化3株毕赤酵母GS115、KM71和SMD1168,该漆酶基因在3种毕赤酵母菌株中均实现了分泌表达。3种摇瓶培养条件①25℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;②20℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;③20℃,0.5%(VV)甲醇,进行比较研究后发现适当提高甲醇浓度有利于漆酶在低温条件下表达,而降低培养温度到20℃则可以提高漆酶的产量2～6倍。3株重组毕赤酵母在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液最高漆酶酶活分别为3.19UmL[GS115(pHBM565)]、2.56UmL[KM71(pHBM565)]和2.49UmL[SMD1168(pHBM565)]。对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为4.2,最适反应温度约为60℃。重组毕赤酵母GS115(pHBM565)所产酶的热稳定性稍好,在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大差异。     

Engineering aggregation resistance in IgG by two independent mechanisms: lessons from comparison of Pichia pastoris and mammalian cell expression

Aggregation is an important concern for therapeutic antibodies, since it can lead to reduced bioactivity and increase the risk of immunogenicity. In our analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules of identical amino acid sequence but produced either in mammalian cells (HEK293) or in the yeast Pichia pastoris (PP), dramatic differences in their aggregation susceptibilities were encountered. The antibodies produced in Pichia were much more resistant to aggregation under many conditions, a phenomenon found to be mainly caused by two factors. First, the mannose-rich glycan of the IgG from Pichia, while slightly thermally destabilizing the IgG, strongly inhibited its aggregation susceptibility, compared to the complex mammalian glycan. Second, on the Pichia-produced IgGs, amino acids belonging to the α-factor pre-pro sequence were left at the N-termini of both chains. These additional residues proved to considerably increase the temperature of the onset of aggregation and reduced the aggregate formation after extended incubation at elevated temperatures. The attachment of these residues to IgGs produced in cell culture confirmed their beneficial effect on the aggregation resistance. Secretion of IgGs with native N-termini in the yeast system became possible after systematic engineering of the precursor proteins and the processing site. Taken together, the present results will be useful for the successful production of full-length IgGs in Pichia, give indications on how to engineer aggregation-resistant IgGs and shed new light on potential biophysical effects of tag sequences in general.     

Expression and purification of a small cytokine growth-blocking peptide from armyworm Pseudaletia separata by an optimized fermentation method using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

A small multifunctional cytokine, growth-blocking peptide (GBP), from the armyworm Pseudaletia separata larvae was expressed as a soluble and active recombinant peptide in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. An expression vector for GBP secretion was constructed using vector pPIC9, and GBP was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. Although we first tried to cultivate GBP in shake flask cultures, the yield was low, probably due to proteolysis of the recombinant protein. To overcome this problem, we utilized a high-density fermentation method. The pH of the medium in the fermenter was kept at 3.0, and the medium was collected within 48h post methanol shift to minimize exposure of the target peptide to proteases. Recombinant GBP was purified through three reverse-phase HPLC columns. We characterized the 25 amino acid GBP by molecular mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. Plasmatocyte spreading, one of the activities of GBP, was similar between chemically synthesized GBP and purified recombinant GBP. Up to 50mg GBP was recovered per 1L of yeast culture supernatant.     

Expression and One-Step Purification of Recombinant Proteins Using an Alternative Episomal Vector for the Expression of N-Tagged Heterologous Proteins in Pichia pastoris

Here we report the construction of an alternative episomal vector, pBGP3, which allows the expression of heterologous proteins with N-terminal hexahistidine and myc-epitope tags in Pichia pastoris. To test the usefulness of pBGP3, four cellulases from termites were expressed. Production was confirmed by activity assays and Western blot using anti-c-Myc antibody. Purification was performed by single-step Ni²⁺-affinity chromatography, which confirmed the efficiency of pBGP3.     

Characterization of a New (R)-Hydroxynitrile Lyase from the Japanese Apricot Prunus mume and cDNA Cloning and Secretory Expression of One of the Isozymes in Pichia pastoris

PmHNL, a hydroxynitrile lyase from Japanese apricot ume (Prunus mume) seed was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographic steps. The purified enzyme was a monomer with molecular mass of 58 kDa. It was a flavoprotein similar to other hydroxynitrile lyases of the Rosaceae family. It was active over a broad temperature, and pH range. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (20 amino acids) was identical with that of the enzyme from almond (Prunus dulcis). Based on the N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme and the conserved amino acid sequences of the enzymes from Pr. dulcis, inverse PCR method was used for cloning of a putative PmHNL (PmHNL2) gene from a Pr. mume seedling. Then the cDNA for the enzyme was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to be highly similar (95%) to that of an enzyme from Pr. serotina, isozyme 2. The recombinant Pichia pastoris transformed with the PmHNL2 gene secreted an active enzyme in glycosylated form.     

Gene Cloning of Cellobiohydrolase II from the White Rot Fungus Irpex lacteus MC-2 and Its Expression in Pichia pastoris

A gene (cel4) coding for a cellobiohydrolase II (Ex-4) was isolated from the white rot basidiomycete, Irpex lacteus strain MC-2. The cel4 ORF was composed of 452 amino acid residues and was interrupted by eight introns. Its deduced amino acid sequence revealed a multi domain structure composed of a cellulose-binding domain, a linker, and a catalytic domain belonging to family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases, from the N-terminus. cel4 cDNA was successfully expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Recombinant Ex-4 showed endo-processive degrading activity towards cellulosic substrates, and a synergistic effect in the degradation of Avicel was observed when the enzyme acted together with either cellobiohydrolase I (Ex-1) or endoglucanase (En-1) produced by I. lacteus MC-2.     

Expression and characterization of two secreted His6-tagged endo-beta-1,4-glucanases from the mollusc Ampullaria crossean in Pichia pastoris

Two endo-β-1,4-glucanase cDNAs, eg27I and eg27II , from the mollusc Ampullaria crossean were expressed in Pichia pastoris cells. The secreted His₆-tagged proteins were purified in a single chromatography step. The purified recombinant EG27I and EG27II showed enzymatic activity on carboxylmethyl cellulose sodium salt at 15.31 U/mg and 12.40 U/mg, respectively. The optimum pH levels of the recombinant EG27I and EG27II were 5.5 and 5.5–6.0, respectively, and the optimum temperatures were 50°C and 50°C–55°C, respectively. The pH stability study revealed that both EG27I and EG27II showed their highest stability at pH 8.0. Analysis of their thermostability indicated that both EG27I and EG27II were relatively stable up to 40°C. Site-directed mutagenesis of Asp43 and Asp153 of both EG27I and EG27II showed that the two Asp residues are critical for the enzymatic activity.