以椰子织蛾为寄主的麦蛾柔茧蜂的冷藏研究

[目的] 探究麦蛾柔茧蜂最适的冷藏温度及虫态,为麦蛾柔茧蜂在生物防治的应用提供基础。[方法] 将麦蛾柔茧蜂的4种虫态（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）置于-4、0、4、10℃温度下冷藏,观察其存活率,以确定其冷藏的最适虫态和最适温度。随后测定最适冷藏条件下,麦蛾柔茧蜂的生命参数。[结果] 致死中时间（T₅₀）表明,麦蛾柔茧蜂以蛹期在10℃条件下冷藏为最佳,冷藏12 d时存活率仍达到75.25%。麦蛾柔茧蜂在10℃条件下冷藏后,首日产卵量在冷藏后期显著下降,麦蛾柔茧蜂性比显著降低,但冷藏3 d后其均值又逐渐恢复。茧蜂发育历期在冷藏后无显著变化。[结论] 以椰子织蛾为寄主的麦蛾柔茧蜂于蛹期在10℃条件下冷藏12 d仍具有良好的利用价值,这可为麦蛾柔茧蜂在生物防治中的应用提供依据。     

新疆南部棉区麦蛾柔茧蜂对田间棉铃虫的防治效果

2006年,在新疆阿克苏市进行了利用麦蛾柔茧蜂Harbrobracon hebetor Say防治麦田第一代棉铃虫和棉田第二代棉铃虫的田间试验.结果显示,在麦田按500头/亩的量释放麦蛾柔茧蜂,可使麦田棉铃虫幼虫的虫口减退57.7%;化蛹量较对照减少0.56头/m2.在棉田按700头/亩的量释放麦蛾茧蜂,对棉铃虫幼虫的麻痹率是50.73%,对棉铃虫的防效达65.96%.     

椰子织蛾幼虫寄生蜂-麦蛾柔茧蜂的生物学特性初步研究

椰子织蛾是新入侵我国的棕榈植物重要害虫,麦蛾柔茧蜂是寄生椰子织蛾的本土天敌。为了明确营养和温度对麦蛾柔茧蜂种群影响,本文研究了在不同营养和不同温度条件下麦蛾柔茧蜂的寄生率、羽化率及寿命等生物参数。蜂蜜、蔗糖、葡萄糖均能显著提高其寄生率、羽化率,延长其寿命,其中饲喂蜂蜜其寄生率、羽化率、雌雄蜂寿命最高,分别为82. 03%、92. 40%、25. 27 d、22. 40 d。寿命与温度负相关,28℃下其寄生率、羽化率最高,分别为82. 02%、92. 40%,各虫态的发育速率与温度的关系符合线性回归模型。该寄生蜂世代发育起点温度为13. 71℃,有效积温为143. 28日·度。本研究结果可为麦蛾柔茧蜂的繁殖及控害提供相关的理论基础。     

麦蛾柔茧蜂室内人工繁殖温湿度条件研究

2005年～2006年,我们对田间采集的麦蛾柔茧蜂室内人工繁殖温湿度条件进行了研究,结果显示：温度28±1℃、RH75±5％的环境条件是麦蛾柔茧蜂发育的适宜环境条件。     

中国小腹茧蜂亚科一新属记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科)

按Mason(1981)的分类系统记述了分布于湖南长沙和广西鹿寨县小腹茧蜂亚科 1新属 1新种 ,即拟麦蛾茧蜂属Pseudovenanidesgen .nov .和湖南拟麦蛾茧蜂Pseudovenanideshunanussp .nov .,模式标本保存于湖南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国小腹茧蜂亚科—新属记述（膜翅目：茧蜂科）

按Mason(1981)的分类系统了分布于湖南长沙和广西鹿寨县小腹茧蜂亚科1新属1新种,即拟麦蛾茧蜂属Pseudovenanides gen.nov.和湖南拟麦蛾茧蜂Pseudovenanides hunanus sp.nov.模式标本保存于湖南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

温度对麦蛾柔茧蜂功能反应的影响

为明确温度变化在麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor对印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella寄生作用中的影响, 研究了室内17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32和35℃条件下, 麦蛾柔茧蜂对不同密度的印度谷螟5龄幼虫的麻痹和寄生作用。结果表明: 在17～29℃范围内, 寄生蜂的寄主处理时间与温度成反比, 从17℃的0.341 d到29℃的0.068 d, 但温度再升高时, 处理时间又延长。寄主搜索率也随温度的改变而变化, 17℃时最低, 为0.056; 29℃时最高, 为1.895; 当温度升高到32～35℃时, 寄主搜索率又下降。温度调节的功能反应模型表明, 在26～29℃范围内, 寄生率较高。可见, 在26～29℃时, 麦蛾柔茧蜂对印度谷螟有较好的寄生效果, 对寄生蜂繁殖后代有利。     

新入侵害虫椰子织蛾的3种本地寄生蜂

【目的】椰子织蛾是近期入侵中国的棕榈植物重要害虫,研究其天敌寄生蜂,能为椰子织蛾的进一步防控提供科学依据。【方法】在海南岛收集鉴定了椰子织蛾天敌寄生蜂,观察记录寄生蜂发育历期、雌雄性比、成虫寿命等基础生物学特性。【结果】经形态及分子鉴定,收集到的椰子织蛾寄生蜂有幼虫期寄生蜂麦蛾柔茧蜂、蛹期寄生蜂金刚钻大腿小蜂和周氏啮小蜂。在温度(26±2)℃、湿度(75±10)%RH、以椰子织蛾为寄主条件下,麦蛾柔茧蜂、金刚钻大腿小蜂和周氏啮小蜂发育历期分别为11.8、19.6和20.6 d;每头寄主的出蜂量分别为10.1、1.0和81.5头;雌蜂占比分别为26.6%、40.6%和89.8%;每种寄生蜂雌蜂寿命均长于雄蜂。【结论】保护和利用椰子织蛾的3种本地寄生蜂,将有助于椰子织蛾的防控。     

麦蛾茧蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对麦蛾茧蜂BraconhebetorSay的触角感器进行观察。结果表明:麦蛾茧蜂的触角上存在6种感器,分别为毛形感器,板形感器,刺形感器,鳞状感器,锥形乳头状感器和嗅孔。其中毛形感器和板形感器是主要感器,数量较大,分布较广。雌雄蜂的触角感器差异不明显。     

华东昆虫学报第15卷总目次

分类学和区系中国四川花蝇科三新种及一新记录种(双翅目:蝇总科)……………………………………………………冯炎(1:1)中国新记录属———树矛茧蜂属(Dendrosotinus)记述及一新种描述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:矛茧蜂亚科)……石全秀(1:7)新囊螨雄螨和云囊螨成螨前各期描述(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:胭螨科)…………………………马立名,林坚贞(1:10)亚洲革板螨雄螨和后若螨描述(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:派盾螨科)………………………………马立名,殷秀琴(2:81)双棘长蠹属的检疫鉴定………………………………朱宏斌,肖荣堂,吴立平,杨晓军,徐梅,安榆林,陈建东(2:83)…     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Archaeobotany of capers (Capparis) (Capparaceae)

The origins of capers, their use and cultivation are discussed. Capers seeds and charcoal are often recovered from archaeological sites of the Mediterranean and West Asia. These are referred to as C. Spinosa L. This is mostly a group of cultivars restricted to localities surrounding the Western Mediterranean and some places in the Eastern Mediterranean. Identification of the findings is discussed in terms of seed morphology, present distribution and ancient uses of C. aegyptia Lam., C. sicula Veill., C. cartilaginea Decne, C. orientalis Veill., C. decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. and other species. Citations of Capparis in early Rabbinic, Mesopotamian and Greco-Roman texts are presented. Received June 3, 2002 / Accepted October 8, 2002 Correspondence to: D. Rivera     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.