紫杉醇对食蟹猴和人CYP1A2、CYP3A4及CYP2A6酶代谢的影响

目的探讨紫杉醇对食蟹猴和人肝微粒体CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4酶活性的影响。方法采用食蟹猴和人肝脏微粒体,分别以非那西汀、睾丸酮和香豆素分别作为CYP1A2、CYP2A6、CYP3A4的底物,建立CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4体外代谢体系。采用不同浓度的紫杉醇分别与上述3种底物共同孵育于肝微粒体代谢体系中。用HPLC法分别测定各底物的代谢产物扑热息痛、6β-羟基睾丸酮、7-羟基香豆素的产生量,计算IC50值,以评估紫杉醇对CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4代谢的影响。结果紫杉醇对食蟹猴肝微粒体3种酶的IC50值分别为570±5.9μmol/L、140±2.9μmol/L和无影响;紫杉醇对人肝微粒体3种酶的IC50值分别为193±6.6μmol/L、253±3.6μmol/L和24±1.6μmol/L。结论紫杉醇对食蟹猴肝微粒体CYP1A2和CYP3A4活性具有一定的抑制作用,但对CYP2A6酶的活性几乎没有影响。紫杉醇对人肝微粒体CYP1A2和CYP3A4活性的抑制作用较弱,但对CYP2A6酶的活性抑制作用较强,提示临床上紫杉醇与作为上述酶底物的药物联合用药时应慎重,以避免因中西药物相互作用所导致的不良反应发生。     

新型2-喹诺酮类Polo样激酶1抑制剂的设计合成及分子对接研究

目的:设计合成新型2-喹诺酮类Polo样激酶1(Plk1)抑制剂。方法:以Plk1抑制剂ON 01910为先导化合物,利用生物电子等排原理设计一系列2-喹诺酮类衍生物,用Autodock软件将该类化合物与Plk1进行分子对接和虚拟筛选,计算结合自由能;以取代的氯(溴)苄为起始原料,先后经巯基乙酸取代、双氧水氧化、与(对甲氧基)苯胺酰化,再经环合、水解制得目标化合物。结果:设计的化合物大多数与Plk1的结合自由能均比ON 01910的低,结合强度高、稳定性好;合成了16个2-喹诺酮类衍生物,产物结构经1H-NMR确证。结论:所得化合物中有15个为新化合物,化合物的结构设计科学合理,虚拟筛选结果良好,为后续实体筛选和化合物结构优化提供了理论依据和参考。     

山楂中一个具有抗菌活性的黄酮类新化合物

为研究蔷薇科山楂属植物山楂果实的化学成分,本研究采用色谱技术从山楂70%乙醇提取物中分离得到了1个新化合物,波谱学方法鉴定了该化合物结构,命名为:2'-羟基-7-(3-羟丙基)-6-甲氧基-黄酮。生物活性测试表明,该新化合物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)菌株的MIC_(90)值为34.8±3μg/m L,具有一定的抗菌活性。     

中药五灵脂的化学成分研究

从中药五灵脂(Trogopterus xanthipes)的丙酮提取物中分离得到3个化合物,其结构经波谱鉴定为3-hy-droxy-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-benzenepropanol(1)、trans-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone(2)和tocopherylquinone(3)。其中化合物1为一个新的降木脂素类成分,化合物2为首次从自然界获得的新化合物,化合物3为首次从该中药中分离得到。化合物3在白血病肿瘤细胞株活性测定实验中显示中等的细胞毒活性,其IC50为20.7μM。     

一株链霉菌产生的抗肿瘤活性产物

本文通过硅胶柱层析和半制备HPLC对放线菌HCCB11431的代谢产物进行了分离纯化,得到了2个新化合物和4个已知的化合物,经IR、MS和NMR等波谱数据鉴定出结构,分别为:3-(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid(1)、3-(3-acetoxy-4-hydroxyl-5-methyphenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid(2)、2'-dexoyadenosine(3)、Cytidine(4)、Uridine(5)、2'-deoxycytidine(6),其中化合物1和2为新化合物。细胞毒活性表明,化合物1~6对不同的肿瘤细胞都有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物2~4对三种肿瘤细胞均有较高的抑制作用,对MCF-7的抑制作用较明显,IC50分别为7.9、10.1、9.5μg/mL。     

树豆叶二苯乙烯类成分的甲醚化和体外抗肿瘤活性

为获得具有抗肿瘤活性的甲醚化先导化合物,对树豆(Cajanus cajan)叶中的二苯乙烯类成分进行甲醚化,并测定其对人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性。将木豆素C、树豆酮酸A、Cajanotone和木豆素与碘甲烷-碳酸钾反应制备O-甲基产物,通过波谱数据分析产物结构分别鉴定为:2-异戊烯基-3,5-二甲氧基二苯乙烯(1)、树豆酮酸A甲醚(2)、5-O-methylcajanotone(3)和3-O-甲基木豆素(4),其中化合物3是新化合物。肿瘤细胞增殖抑制实验(CCK-8法)结果表明,木豆素C对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231、宫颈癌HeLa、肝癌Hep G2、结肠癌SW480及3种非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549, NCI-H460和NCI-H1299)的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为14.4、16.1、19.6、17.4和25.7～29.6μmol L~(–1);木豆素对宫颈癌和结肠癌之外的5种肿瘤细胞有弱抑制作用,IC50为44.9～78.3μmol L~(–1);而对照的3,4′,5-三甲氧基二苯乙烯(三-O-甲基白藜芦醇)对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231、宫颈癌HeLa、结肠癌SW480和肝癌Hep G2细胞有较强抑制作用(IC50为3.0～14.5μmol L~(–1))。树豆叶二苯乙烯甲醚化衍生物1～4对7种肿瘤细胞系无明显细胞毒活性。     

昆仑雪菊提取物对α- 葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

目的:探讨昆仑雪菊提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法:将昆仑雪菊干燥花序粉碎,分别用水提法和乙醇法制备5种提取物。采用α-葡萄糖苷酶体外活性抑制模型,测定昆仑雪菊的5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果:这5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有较强的抑制作用,抑制活性均高于阿卡波糖。其中提取物Ⅰ的抑制活性最强,IC50=28.2 mg/L。结论:昆仑雪菊提取物具有较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,提示昆仑雪菊在抗糖尿病产品开发方面具有很好的应用前景。     

抑制CYP4A11基因表达的siRNAs优选及对血管收缩相关因子的影响

为了考察人细胞中细胞色素P450 4A11(CYP4A11)表达受抑制之后是否会影响血管相关收缩因子的表达,在线设计多个抑制细胞中代谢酶编码基因CYP4A11表达的siRNAs并通过BLAST验证;选择效果好的3对siRNAs合成并转染至EA.hy926细胞株,通过荧光染色和定量多聚酶链反应(quantitative polumerase chain reaction,qPCR)初步检测后,再采用表达量相对更高的MG63细胞系进行验证,发现25 nmol/L的siRNA2抑制效果最好;随后使用25 nmol/L siRNA2抑制CYP4A11在EA.hy926细胞株中的表达,并通过qPCR与Western-blot检测血管收缩相关因子的表达情况,发现促血管收缩相关因子内皮素1受体(endothelin 1 receptor,ET1R)、血管紧张素1型受体(angiotensin type 1 receptor,AT1R)表达下调(P0.05),而内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)的表达显著上调(P0.001)。因此,siRNA2能通过显著抑制EA.hy926细胞中CYP4A11的表达,调节血管紧张的相关指标,有促血管松弛作用的趋势。     

中药抗癌有效成份有机锗化合物的合成及其抗癌活性初探

本文报道了中药抗癌有效成份羰乙基锗倍半氧化物的类似物的合成及其抗癌活性的初步筛选结果。按所设计的 [(Ge CH (?) COy)_2O_3·mH_2O] 和[(Ge CH (?) COy)_2S_3] 两种类型,共合成了16个化合物,其中12个为新化合物,利用层析——酶抑制法对这16个化合物进行活性筛选的结果表明,其中8个化合物具有明显的抗癌活性。这一研究结果尚未见文献报道。     

盐霉素类似物的分离及抑制吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶活性研究

为研究盐霉素发酵粗产物中的新型盐霉素类活性化合物。实验通过制备色谱从盐霉素发酵粗产物中分离得到两个盐霉素类似物,并利用波谱手段表征了这两个化合物的结构,化合物A为40-甲基盐霉素,化合物B为35-甲基盐霉素,均为新化合物。生物活性研究表明,化合物B具有一定的吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)抑制活性。     

Synthesis and inhibitory activity of acyl-peptidyl-pyrrolidine derivatives toward post-proline cleaving enzyme; a study of subsite specificity.

Several pyrrolidine derivatives have been synthesized and examined for their inhibitory activity on post-proline cleaving enzymes from Flavobacterium meningosepticum and bovine brain. Almost all the compounds tested in this study inhibited the activity of both enzymes at low IC50 values (from nM to microM) but a specificity difference was observed with alkylacyl-peptidyl-pyrrolidine derivatives which strongly inhibited only the bacterial enzyme. The most effective inhibitors have a proline residue on their P2 sites and a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxybutyryl moiety on their P3 sites. Thus phenoxybutyryl-prolyl-pyrrolidine is the most effective partial structure of the inhibitors. The best inhibitors found were: 4-(4-benzylphenoxy)butyryl-prolyl-pyrrolidine for bacterial enzyme (IC50 1.4 nM) and 4-phenylbutyryl-thioprolyl-pyrrolidine for bovine brain enzyme (IC50 67 nM). In the passive avoidance test, using amnesic rats experimentally induced with scopolamine, the pyrrolidine derivatives which had potent inhibitory activity toward post-proline cleaving enzymes also showed strong anti-amnesic activities at doses of 1-5 mg/kg, i.p.     

Furocoumarins from grapefruit juice and their effect on human CYP 3A4 and CYP 1B1 isoenzymes

Bioactive compounds present in grapefruit juice are known to increase the bioavailability of certain medications by acting as potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors. An efficient technique has been developed for isolation and purification of three furocoumarins. The isolated compounds have been tested for the inhibition of human CYP 1B1 isoform using specific substrates. Grapefruit juice was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and the dried extract was loaded onto silica gel column chromatography. Further, column fractions were subjected to preparative HPLC to obtain three compounds. The purity of these compounds was analyzed by HPLC and structures were determined by NMR studies. The identified compounds, bergamottin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), and paradisin-A, were tested for their inhibitory effects on hydroxylase and O-dealkylase activities of human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP 3A4 and CYP 1B1. Paradisin-A was found to be a potent CYP 3A4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.2 microM followed by DHB and bergamottin. All three compounds showed a substantial inhibitory effect on CYP 3A4 below 10 microM. Inhibitory effects on CYP 1B1 exhibited a greater variation due to the specificity of substrates. Paradisin A showed an IC50 of 3.56+/-0.12 microM for the ethoxy resorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) activity and 33.56+/-0.72 microM for the benzyloxy resorufin (BROD). DHB and bergamottin showed considerable variations for EROD and BROD activities with an IC50 of 7.17 microM and 13.86 microM, respectively.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolyl-thiazolinone derivatives as potential EGFR and HER-2 kinase inhibitors

A series of pyrazolyl-thiazolinone derivatives (E1-E36) have been designed and synthesized and their biological activities were also evaluated as potential EGFR and HER-2 kinase inhibitors. Thirty-four of the 36 compounds were reported for the first time. Among them, compound 2-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4(5H)-one (E28) displayed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50)=0.24μM for EGFR and IC(50)=1.07μM for HER-2). Antiproliferative assay results indicated that compound E28 owned high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, B16-F10 and HCT-116 in vitro, with IC(50) value of 0.30, 0.54, and 0.70μM, respectively. Docking simulation was further performed to position compound E28 into the EGFR active site to determine the probable binding model. Based on the preliminary results, compound E28 with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth would be a potential anticancer agent.     

Caffeoyl naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives as HIV integrase inhibitors

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for retroviral replication and a rational target for the design of anti-AIDS drugs. In the present study, we have designed, synthesized and tested a series of caffeoyl naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives as HIV integrase inhibitors. Among these compounds, we found that HIV integrase inhibitory activities of compounds III-3 and III-4 were more potent than L-chicoric acid (IC(50)=11.8 microg/mL) and others were comparable to L-chicoric acid. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds were studied. The information gathered from this paper will be useful in the development and design of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in the future.     

17,20-Lyase inhibitors. Part 3: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of biphenylylmethylimidazole derivatives as novel 17,20-lyase inhibitors

A novel series of biphenylylmethylimidazole derivatives and related compounds were synthesized as inhibitors of 17,20-lyase, a key enzyme in the production of steroid hormones, and their biological activities were evaluated. In an attempt to identify potent and selective inhibitors of 17,20-lyase over the related CYP3A4 enzyme, a homology model for human 17,20-lyase was developed using the X-ray crystallographic structure of the mammalian CYP2C5 enzyme. With the aid of molecular modeling, optimization of the biphenyl moiety was performed to give an acetamide derivative, which was resolved by HPLC to give the active (-)-enantiomer. The obtained active enantiomer showed not only potent inhibition of both rat and human 17,20-lyase,with IC(50) values of 14 and 26 nM, respectively, but also excellent selectivity (>300-fold) for inhibition of 17,20-lyase over CYP3A4. Moreover, the active enantiomer significantly reduced both serum testosterone and DHEA concentrations in a monkey model after single oral administration. Asymmetric synthesis of the active enantiomer was also developed via a chiral intermediate using a diastereoselective Grignard reaction.     

Bromophenols as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with antidiabetic properties

A series of bromophenol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors in vitro and in vivo based on bromophenol 4e (IC(50)=2.42 μmol/L), which was isolated from red algae Rhodomela confervoides. The results showed that all of the synthesized compounds displayed weak to good PTP1B inhibition at tested concentration. Among them, highly brominated compound 4g exhibited promising inhibitory activity against PTP1B with IC(50) 0.68 μmol/L, which was approximately fourfold more potent than lead compound 4e. Further, compound 4g demonstrated high selectivity against other PTPs (TCPTP, LAR, SHP-1 and SHP-2). More importantly, in vivo antidiabetic activities investigations of compound 4g also demonstrated inspiring results.     

Synthesis and Pin1 inhibitory activity of thiazole derivatives

Pin1 (Protein interacting with NIMA1) is a peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) which specifically catalyze the conformational conversion of the amide bond of pSer/Thr-Pro motifs in its substrate proteins and is a novel promising anticancer target. A series of new thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities were measured against human Pin1 using a protease-coupled enzyme assay. Of all the tested compounds, a number of thiazole derivatives bearing an oxalic acid group at 4-position were found to be potent Pin1 inhibitors with IC₅₀ values at low micromolar level. The detailed structure–activity relationships were analyzed and the binding features of compound 10b (IC₅₀ 5.38 μM) was predicted using CDOCKER program. The results of this research would provide informative guidance for further optimizing thiazole derivatives as potent Pin1 inhibitors.     

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of N-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)aniline derivatives as novel anticancer agents

A series of N-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)aniline derivatives (5a-8d) have been designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were also evaluated as potential antitumor and cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors. Among all the compounds, compound 5a displayed the most potent CDK2/cyclin E inhibitory activity in vitro, with an IC(50) of 0.98±0.06μM. Antitumor assays indicated that compound 5a owned high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and B16-F10 cancer cell lines with IC(50) values of 1.88±0.11 and 2.12±0.15μM, respectively. Docking simulation was performed to insert compound 5a into the crystal structure of CDK2 at active site to determine the probable binding model. Based on the preliminary results, compound 5a with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth may be a potential anticancer agent.     

Synthesis and acrosin inhibitory activities of substituted ethyl 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate derivatives

A series of novel ethyl 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate derivatives were designed and synthesized and their in vitro acrosin inhibitory activities were evaluated. Most of the compounds exhibited acrosin inhibitory activities. Among them, three compounds (5l, 5n, and 5v) were more potent than that of the control TLCK. These provide a new structural type for the development of novel contraceptive acrosin inhibitory agents.     

Synthesis,anti-diabetic evaluation and molecular docking studies of 4-(1-aryl-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as novel 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors

11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1(11β-HSD1) inhibitors are one of the emerging classes of molecules to fight against diabetic complications. A novel series of 4-(1-substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-diabetic activity. Two compounds showed anti-diabetic activity very effectively. To clarify the mechanism of action of these compounds, the most potent compounds (5g and 5h) of the synthesized analogs were further studied by testing its 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 inhibitory activity through in vitro enzymatic experiments. The results showed that the 11β-HSD1 inhibitory activity of compounds 5g and 5h was stable and efficient. Molecular docking studies revealed compounds 5g (−9.758) and 5h (−8.495) to have a stable binding patterns to the human 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1.