鼻咽癌的CT 显像与VEGF 和p53 蛋白表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨鼻咽癌患者CT表现与血管内皮细胞生长因子以及p53蛋白表达的相关性.方法:选择经病理确诊的鼻咽癌患者36例,行螺旋CT扫描并采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织中VEGF和p53蛋白的表达,分析影像学特征与VEGF及p53蛋白表达的相关性.结果:鼻咽癌患者肿瘤组织中VEGF的表达与CT征象中的侵及后鼻孔、颅底骨质破坏及颈部淋巴结转移正相关,p53蛋白的表达与颈部淋巴结转移正相关.结论:肿瘤组织中VEGF和p53蛋白表达与鼻咽癌的部分CT影像学特征相关,可作为评价鼻咽癌CT表现恶性度及预后的指标.     

宫颈癌中p53表达和病毒感染的研究

应用PCR对121例宫颈脱落细胞和组织分别检测HPV-16／18和HSV-2DNA。同时应用免疫组化S-P法检测76例宫颈组织中P53过度表达。结果发现,宫颈癌组织中HPV-16／18和HSV-2阳性率分别为61．3％和32．3％,慢性宫颈炎组HPV-16／18和HSV-2阳性率分别为22．5％和20．0％,与正常宫颈组比较均有显著性差异。宫颈癌中HPV-16／18和HSV-2混合感染率为16．1％。p53过度表达率在慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)、宫颈癌组织中呈梯度递增。另外,宫颈癌组织中P53过度表达与HPV-16／18、HSV-2的感染无相关性。提示：宫颈癌的发生与HPV-16／18关系密切,HSV-2可能与HPV-16／18协同作用导致宫颈癌的发生。宫颈组织中p53过度表达率与宫颈癌的进程有关,这在宫颈癌的防治方面有一定的临床意义。     

宫颈癌中p53表达和病毒感染的研究

应用PCR对121例宫颈脱落细胞和组织分别检测HPV-16/18和HSv-2 DNA.同时应用免疫组化S-P法检测76例宫颈组织中p53过度表达.结果发现,宫颈癌组织中HPV-16/18和HSv-2阳性率分别为61.3%和32.3%,慢性宫颈炎组HPV-16/18和HSV-2阳性率分别为22.5%和20.0%,与正常宫颈组比较均有显著性差异.宫颈癌中HPV-16/18和HSV-2混合感染率为16.1%.p53过度表达率在慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)、宫颈癌组织中呈梯度递增.另外,宫颈癌组织中p53过度表达与HPV-16/18、HSv-2的感染无相关性.提示宫颈癌的发生与HPV-16/18关系密切,HSV-2可能与HPV-16/18协同作用导致宫颈癌的发生.宫颈组织中p53过度表达率与宫颈癌的进程有关,这在宫颈癌的防治方面有一定的临床意义.     

VEGF和p53在肝细胞性肝癌组织中的异常表达与预后的关系

目的:探讨VEGF和p53在肝癌组织中表达与肝癌预后的关系,为肝癌的防治提供新的思路.方法:回顾性分析了2006年1月到2009年8月收治的40例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中VEGF和p53的表达.结果:VEGF和p53阳性表达率在肝癌组分别为62.5％和47.5％,癌旁组分别为22.5％和2.5％,在正常组未检测到VEGF和p53阳性表达,三组之间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);本组40例肝癌患者术后均获随访,22例复发;复发组患者癌组织中VEGF和p53的阳性表达率均高于未复发组,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:在肝癌组织中存在VEGF和p53的异常表达,VEGF和p53异常表达与肝癌的预后密切相关.     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中,ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因,研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有重要的意义。我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码区３’端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤ－ＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０中,得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３,经热诱导表达,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备,而且也可用于对ｐ５３蛋白羧基端多肽功能的研究。     

p53和VEGF蛋白表达与子宫内膜癌的关系

目的：检测子宫内膜癌组织中血管内皮生长因子与突变型抑癌基因p53的表达情况,以探讨其在子宫内膜癌发生转移中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化S．P法检测45例子宫内膜癌及10例正常子宫内膜组织中VEGF和突变型p53的表达及其相关性,分析其与各临床病理参数之间的关系。结果：子宫内膜癌组织中VEGF及突变型p53蛋白表达阳性率均高于正常子宫内膜,两者呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。两者阳性表达率均与临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移（P〈0．05）有关,VEGF阳性表达率与肌层浸润深度无明显相关性（P〉0．05）,而突变型p53表达则与肌层浸润深度有关（P〈0.05）。结论：VEGF和突变型p53与子宫内膜癌的发生、侵袭、转移和预后相关。     

人p53蛋白在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

将人ｐ５３ 基因装入 Ｐｉｃｈｉａ 分泌型质粒ｐ Ｈ Ｉ Ｌ Ｓ１ 中,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入酵母细胞进行整合,经筛选得到一高表达ｐ５３ 蛋白的克隆。 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 显示表达量约占分泌总量的３０ ％ 。 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 验证重组人ｐ５３ 存在免疫学活性。在诱导时就降低 Ｐｉｃｈｉａ 酵母系统水解酶活力等方面进行优化,经 Ｆ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ 分离纯化得到约２００ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 表达量。     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中，ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因，研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有很需要的意义，我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码３＇端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０，得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３，经热诱导表达，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达，它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备，而且也可用     

甲状腺肿瘤p53mRNA及p53蛋白表达的研究

本文采用原位杂交法、免疫组织化学方法分别检测了甲状腺癌ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ、ｐ５３蛋白的表达,结果显示：２０例甲状腺癌ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ、ｐ５３蛋白均呈阳性反应,８例甲状腺瘤仅１例呈弱阳性反应,８例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病全部呈阴性反应。细胞质和细胞核ｍＲＮＡ、ｐ５３蛋白灰度检测发现,甲状腺瘤细胞质、核ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ灰度值和ｐ５３蛋白灰度值均明显高于Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病,而甲状腺癌其细胞质、核ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ灰度值和ｐ５３蛋白灰度值又明显高于良性甲状腺瘤,提示甲状腺癌ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ和ｐ５３蛋白的高表达可能与甲状腺肿瘤细胞分化程度有关     

Signalling pathways involved in antitumoral effects of VIP in human renal cell carcinoma A498 cells: VIP induction of p53 expression

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) decreases cell proliferation through PI3K signalling and prevents tumour progression in clear renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we analyzed the signalling pathways that mediate such VIP effects by using human RCC A498 cells. The effects of treatment with 1 μM VIP and/or specific protein kinase inhibitors such as H89, Wortmannin and PD98059 were studied by cell adhesion assay, ELISA of VEGF165 and ROS production assays. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot were performed to study p53 expression. VIP increased cell adhesion and ROS production, and decreased VEGF165 secretion through PI3K signalling. Moreover, VIP increased nuclear expression of tumour suppressor p53. VIP effects could be blocked by cell incubation with a specific p53 inhibitor, cyclin pifithrin-α hydrobromide (CPFT-αH). In conclusion, this study provides a p53-dependent mechanism by which VIP regulates cell proliferation in RCC development. It supports a potential usefulness of VIP in new therapies of RCC.     

Loss of autocrine endothelial-derived VEGF significantly reduces hemangiosarcoma development in conditional p53-deficient mice

Malignant transformation of the endothelium is rare, and hemangiosarcomas comprise only 1% of all sarcomas. For this reason and due to the lack of appropriate mouse models, the genetic mechanisms of malignant endothelial transformation are poorly understood. Here, we describe a hemangiosarcoma mouse model generated by deleting p53 specifically in the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. This strategy led to a high incidence of hemangiosarcoma, with an average latency of 25 weeks. To study the in vivo roles of autocrine or endothelial cell autonomous VEGF signaling in the initiation and/or progression of hemangiosarcomas, we genetically deleted autocrine endothelial sources of VEGF in this mouse model. We found that loss of even a single conditional VEGF allele results in substantial rescue from endothelial cell transformation. These findings highlight the important role of threshold levels of autocrine VEGF signaling in endothelial malignancies and suggest a new approach for hemangiosarcoma treatment using targeted autocrine VEGF inhibition.     

Spatiotemporal activation of caspase‐dependent and ‐independent pathways in staurosporine‐induced apoptosis of p53wt and p53mt human cervical carcinoma cells

Background information. Caspase‐dependent and ‐independent death mechanisms are involved in apoptosis in a variety of human carcinoma cells treated with antineoplastic compounds. Our laboratory has reported that p53 is a key contributor of mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells after staurosporine exposure. However, higher mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and greater DNA fragmentation were observed in p53^wt (wild‐type p53) HeLa cells compared with p53^mt (mutated p53) C‐33A cells. Here, we have studied events linked to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Results. Staurosporine can induce death of HeLa cells via a cytochrome c/caspase‐9/caspase‐3 mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway and via a delayed caspase‐independent pathway. In contrast with p53^wt cells, p53^mt C‐33A cells exhibit firstly caspase‐8 activation leading to caspase‐3 activation and Bid cleavage followed by cytochrome c release. Attenuation of PARP‐1 [poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1] cleavage as well as oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in the presence of z‐VAD‐fmk points toward a major involvement of a caspase‐dependent pathway in staurosporine‐induced apoptosis in p53^wt HeLa cells, which is not the case in p53^mt C‐33A cells. Meanwhile, the use of 3‐aminobenzamide, a PARP‐1 inhibitor known to prevent AIF (apoptosis‐inducing factor) release, significantly decreases staurosporine‐induced death in these p53^mt carcinoma cells, suggesting a preferential implication of caspase‐independent apoptosis. On the other hand, we show that p53, whose activity is modulated by pifithrin‐α, isolated as a suppressor of p53‐mediated transactivation, or by PRIMA‐1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis), that reactivates mutant p53, causes cytochrome c release as well as mitochondrio—nuclear AIF translocation in staurosporine‐induced apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells. Conclusions. The present paper highlights that staurosporine engages the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via caspase‐8 or caspase‐9 signalling cascades and via caspase‐independent cell death, as well as through p53 activity.     

Selenium activates p53 and p38 pathways and induces caspase-independent cell death in cervical cancer cells

The mechanisms of sodium selenite-induced cell death in cervical carcinoma cells were studied during 24 h of exposure in the HeLa Hep-2 cell line. Selenite at the employed concentrations of 5 and 50 μmol/L produced time- and dose-dependent suppression of DNA synthesis and induced DNA damage which resulted in phosphorylation of histone H2A.X. These effects were influenced by pretreatment of cells with the SOD/catalase mimetic MnTMPyP or glutathione-depleting buthionine sulfoximine, suggesting the significant role of selenite-generated oxidative stress. Following the DNA damage, selenite activated p53-dependent pathway as evidenced by the appearance of phosphorylated p53 and accumulation of p21 in the treated cells. Concomitantly, selenite activated p38 pathway but its effect on JNK was very weak. p53- and p38-dependent signaling led to the accumulation of Bax protein, which was preventable by specific inhibitors of p38 (SB 203580) and p53 (Pifithrin-α). Mitochondria in selenite-treated cells changed their dynamics (shape and localization) and released AIF and Smac/Diablo, which initiated caspase-independent apoptosis as confirmed by the caspase-3 activity assay and the low effect of caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-fmk and z-VAD-fmk on cell death. We conclude that selenite induces caspase-independent apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells mostly by oxidative stress-mediated activation of p53 and p38 pathways, but other selenite-mediated effects, in particular mitochondria-specific ones, are also involved.     

A Slug-dependent mechanism is responsible for tumor suppression of p53-stabilizing compound CP-31398 in p53-mutated endometrial carcinoma

Mutation in the tumor suppressor gene p53 is the most frequent molecular defect in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Recently, CP-31398, a p53-stabilizing compound, has been indicated to possess the ability to alter the expression of non-p53 target genes in addition to p53 downstream genes in tumor cells. Herein, we explore the alternative mechanisms underlying the restoration of EC tumor suppressor function in mutant p53 by CP-31398. A p53-mutated EC cell was constructed in AN3CA cells with restored or partial loss of Slug using lentiviral vectors, followed by treatment with 25 μM CP-31398. A p53-independent mechanism of CP-31398 was confirmed by the interaction between mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and Slug AN3CA cells treated with IWR-1 (inhibitor of Wnt response 1). Furthermore, the AN3CA cells were treated with short hairpin RNA against Slug, Wnt-specific activators (LiCl) or inhibitors (XAV-939) followed by CP-31398 treatment. Moreover, AN3CA cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined. A tumorigenicity assay was conducted in nude mice. CP-31398 could promote the apoptosis of p53-mutated EC cells, while Slug reversed this effect. Slug ubiquitination was found to occur via binding of Slug to MDM2 in AN3CA cells. We found that CP-31398 increased the GSK-3ß, p-Slug, Puma, Wtp53, and Bax expressions whereas Wnt, Mtp-53, Slug, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expressions were decreased. However, these findings were reversed following the activation of the Wnt pathway and overexpression of Slug. Finally, the in vivo experimental evidence confirmed that CP-31398 with depleted Slug suppressed tumor growth by downregulating the Slug. Collectively, CP-31398-regulated Slug downregulation represses the p53-mutated EC via the p53/Wnt/Puma pathway.