马鹿茸血免疫活性肽的制备及其活性研究

本文以免疫活性和DPPH·的清除能力为指标,研究了用木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶水解马鹿茸血制备活性肽的条件,并初步探讨了此活性肽的免疫活性与对DPPH·清除能力之间的关系.实验结果表明:当[E/S]为9000 U/g时,中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的水解温度各为50和45 ℃,pH各为7.1和6.8,分别水解2和1.5 h可以获得最佳的酶解效果.在相同蛋白含量的情况下,两酶复合水解物的淋巴细胞增殖率比单酶水解增加了20.8%.免疫活性与DPPH·清除能力之间存在一定的相关性(r=0.957,P<0.01).     

马鹿茸血酶解肽体内免疫功能及抗氧化功能关系的研究

本文分别选用由木瓜蛋白酶水解天山马鹿茸血获得的肽Ⅰ、肽Ⅱ以及原血为受试样品,研究天山马鹿茸血及其酶解肽对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影响,其中肽Ⅰ、肽ⅡDH分别为18．1％、12．2％时,清除OH&#183;能力最强,清除率为50．8％。分别测定了脏器指数,脾细胞增殖实验,血清中溶血素和抗体生成细胞的含量以及小鼠血清总抗氧化能力、SOD活力和MDA含量。结果表明：与对照组相比较,肽Ⅱ组能极显著提高小鼠体液和细胞免疫功能,加强小鼠的抗氧化功能（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。此外,具有较强抗氧化活性的肽显示出了很强的免疫活性（P〈0．05）。     

鹿茸血制备ACE抑制肽的酶解条件优化

以天山马鹿的鹿茸血为原料,通过体外检测方法检测不同酶及酶解条件下的产物的ACE抑制肽活性及抗氧化活性。结果表明,以A lcalase碱性蛋白酶水解,底物浓度6%、加酶量40μl/g蛋白、pH 8.0、温度55℃的条件下,酶解3 h,水解度为28.0%,酶解产物的血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzym e,ACE)抑制活性可达93.55%,与抗氧化活性呈正相关关系。     

木瓜蛋白酶水解壳聚糖的工艺研究

本文通过正交试验对木瓜蛋白酶水解壳聚糖的工艺进行优化,并对降解过程中粘度、还原糖等一些指标的动态变化进行研究。结果显示,木瓜蛋白酶在反应温度45℃下降解壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件为壳聚糖的脱乙酰度70%,pH4.0,底物浓度1%,壳聚糖与酶的比例为25∶1(w/w)。其中底物脱乙酰度对酶解效果影响呈极显著水平,pH值影响呈显著水平。木瓜蛋白酶可较为有效地降解脱乙酰度为70%的壳聚糖,在其最适条件下对壳聚糖水解约60min,可控制产物平均分子量在1万以内。木瓜蛋白酶起始降解速率很快,20min后VDP变化趋于平稳,60min后基本维持在93～94%上下。反应进行60min后产物的平均分子量约为9000。还原糖含量在反应进行150min之后,还原糖的生成速度基本趋于平稳。     

胶原蛋白水解肽磷酸化的研究

在三聚磷酸钠作用下,胶原活性肽能够发生非酶磷酸化,共价连接磷酸基团,用正交实验法优选磷酸化条件,反应温度对磷酸化水平影响最大,pH值影响次之,在优选的磷酸化条件下（pH9.0,80℃,反应3h),磷酸化水平约为每分子胶原能够共价连接上约2分子磷酸基团。     

酶解鹿茸血ACE抑制活性及其与抗氧化活性关系的研究

实验采用木瓜蛋白酶和Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解鹿茸血,在不同的时间取样,分别测定血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制率、二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)清除率和羟自由基(.OH)清除率。结果表明Alcalase蛋白酶水解产物ACE抑制活性和DPPH.清除活性较强,其水解3h的产物ACE抑制率为90.63%,DPPH.清除率为14.40%;木瓜蛋白酶水解5h的产物.OH清除率最高,为96.7%。用SPSS10.0软件分析结果,发现ACE抑制率与DPPH.清除率具有显著相关性。     

胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解核桃蛋白工艺研究

以核桃粕为原料,以水解度为考察指标,研究胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对核桃蛋白的水解作用.结果表明：木瓜蛋白酶为酶解核桃蛋白最佳酶,其最佳酶解条件为底物浓度4％、酶质量分数5％、酶解 pH 值为7．0、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间4 h;在该条件下,木瓜蛋白酶酶解核桃蛋白水解度可高于25．76％.     

小麦肽免疫活性及抗氧化作用的研究

本文旨在研究Alcalase水解小麦蛋白产物中免疫活性组分对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化功能的调节作用及相互关系.实验结果表明,小麦活性肽可提高小鼠抗体生成细胞含量、血清溶血素水平、脾细胞增殖能力以及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;小麦活性肽还可提高小鼠血清清除DPPH和清除羟自由基的能力,增强小鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活力和总抗氧化能力,降低丙二醛含量.且该组分调节机体抗氧化的能力与其免疫调节作用具有一定的相关性.     

广州产梅花鹿茸和马鹿茸不同部位氨基酸含量的比较

选取广州产梅花鹿茸和马鹿茸,从上、中、下三个部位进行了氨基酸质量分数的测定。结果表明马鹿茸的氨基酸质量分数要高于梅花鹿茸。     

鹿茸血肽疏水性分离及抗氧 化和ACE抑制作用的研究

实验采用DA201-C型大孔吸附树脂对Alcalase蛋白酶水解鹿茸血3 h的水解液进行吸附,采用25%、50%、75%、100%乙醇分级洗脱,收集各组分进行氨基酸组成分析,发现各洗脱组分具有不同疏水性值,同时测定各组分的血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性和二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除活性:75%乙醇洗脱组分的ACE抑制活性最高,为54.71%,且ACE抑制活性与组分疏水性值显著相关;100%乙醇洗脱组分的DPPH清除率最高.     

吉林黄泥河自然保护区马鹿冬季栖息地选择

2009年12月～2010年1月,在黄泥河自然保护区采用样带法对马鹿冬季栖息地选择进行了研究。共设置了47条样带,调查了72个马鹿利用样方和109个对照样方。结果表明,在黄泥河自然保护区冬季马鹿喜欢选择针阔混交林、食物丰富度和灌丛盖度较高、中等坡度和隐蔽级、远离人为干扰源的生境,避开选择阴坡和针叶林。逻辑斯蒂回归分析揭示坡度、隐蔽级、食物丰富度、坡向、人为干扰距离和林型是影响马鹿栖息地选择的主导因子,灌丛盖度为次要因子。回归模型为:Z=-53.391+0.194×坡度+0.352×隐蔽级+0.5×食物丰富度-0.071×灌丛盖度+1.064×坡向(1)+6.11×坡向(2)+0.004×人为干扰距离+17.305×林型(1)+7.147×林型(2),选择利用概率P(z)=ez/(1+ez),模型正确预测率为94.5%。     

塔里木马鹿自然感染住肉孢子虫病的病理学观察

对一例自然感染住肉孢子虫的塔里木马鹿进行病理组织学观察。采集濒死期的塔里木马鹿心、肝、脾、肺、肾、骨骼肌、淋巴结、胃、肠等脏器,10% 福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,切片、H.E 染色,作病理组织学观察。结果表明:各组织瘀血、出血,均有炎性细胞浸润,尤以嗜酸性粒细胞多见。在骨骼肌组织中观察到了住肉孢子虫包囊,在肾小球入球小动脉内皮细胞中有裂殖子存在,其余各组织未见不同发育阶段的虫体。     

Transfer of bovine microsatellites to the cervine (Cervus elaphus)

Bovine microsatellites were used to amplify DNA of red deer ( Cervus elaphus ). Fourteen of 27 bovine systems (52%) displayed polymorphism, while no (CA)_n-repeat was detected in seven systems and six systems gave no amplificates in red deer. The allele number ranged from 2 to 7, the polymorphism information content between 0.24 and 0.76. The results demonstrate that transfer of microsatellite systems between families of the same order (artiodactyla) is possible. Molecular genetic research will help to clarify the differentiation and ecology of wild animals and will contribute to define criteria needed for the preservation of endangered species.     

保护新疆马鹿塔里木亚种的建议

马鹿塔里木亚种分布于新疆塔里木盆地各沿河地带,强度适应荒漠生境。采用分子系统学方法研究表明,世界马鹿分为东西两大系统,马鹿塔里木亚种是我国唯一属于西部系统的亚种。在中国濒危动物红皮书中被列为濒危(E)亚种,按国际自然与自然资源保护联盟(IUCN)1993年制定的世界物种红色名录濒危定级标准,属于极危级(EN)。自20世纪50年代以来,由于自然和人为因素的影响,种群数量急骤下降,现今马鹿塔里木亚种在塔河流域被隔离为莎雅、尉犁和且末3个小种群,当前该亚种正受到栖息地减小和片断化的双重影响,而且因遗传漂变和近亲繁殖的不断增加也进一步加剧它的濒危程度。为有效保护该物种特提出可行的保护建议。     

The Restoration of Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Ontario, Canada: 1998–2005

In 1997, a plan to restore Elk (Cervus elaphus) to Ontario was approved by the provincial government. The objective of the Ontario elk restoration program, a multipartnered collaboration, was to restore a species that had been extirpated from the province during the 1800s. During 1998–2001, 460 elk were acquired from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, for release in four areas of Ontario. As greater than 90% of the elk were radio collared, monitoring provided detailed information on the dynamics of the four populations. Comprehensive research projects using graduate students were implemented to determine the environmental impact of releasing elk in Ontario. Those studies are in progress or have been completed and include the effect of wolf predation on restored elk, white‐tailed deer and elk resource overlap, the development of genetic profiles for elk, and solutions for elk/human conflicts. Mortality of the released elk averaged 41% (190/460) during 1998–2004 with annual mortality generally declining over time in each release area. The primary causes of elk mortality included wolf predation (25% of mortalities), illegal shooting (13%), stress‐related emaciation (13%) (partially due to the stress of relocation), bacterial infections (7%), and collisions with vehicles (6%). Productivity has been high in one of the release areas with 24–65% of the cows being observed with calves during late winter surveys. However, productivity has been low in two of the northern release areas due to a variety of factors including wolf predation. In some areas, dispersion of elk appeared to be related to the length of time animals were kept in pens prior to release. The precalving population estimate for Ontario in March 2004 was 375–440 elk. A comprehensive program review was conducted in 2003/2004 that included recommendations relating to the future management of elk in Ontario.     

Characterization of 11 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellites for forensic applications in California elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)

Eleven polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci have been developed for forensic use in the protection of California elk. Based on a reference sample of elk taken from three races throughout California, the loci consist of 4–9 alleles (average 6.125). Probabilities of identity ( Paetkau et al. 1995 ) range from 0.079 to 0.288, with an overall probability of identity of 1.3 × 10^?9 (one in 7.8 × 10⁸).