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1.
Francieli Chassot Tarcieli Pozzebon Venturini Fernanda Baldissera Piasentin Janio Morais Santurio Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Sydney Hartz Alves 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):44-47
Background
Candida parapsilosis may acquire resistance to echinocandins, a fact that prompts the search for new therapeutic options.Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of antifungal agents, alone and in combination, against four groups of C. parapsilosis strains: (1) echinocandin-susceptible (ES) clinical isolates (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml), (2) anidulafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), (3) caspofungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), and (4) micafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml).Methods
Antifungal interactions were evaluated by a checkerboard micro-dilution method. The determination of the MIC to each drug for every isolate according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents M27 (2017) and M60 (2017) was also done.Results
The echinocandins-resistant (ER) strains showed higher MICs to the tested antifungals than the ES strains, except for amphotericin B, for which the ER groups remained susceptible.Conclusions
Most combinations showed indifferent interactions. The use of monotherapy still seems to be the best option. As resistance to echinocandins is an emergent phenomenon, further studies are required to provide clearer information on the susceptibility differences between strains to these antifungal agents. 相似文献2.
M. Sinigaglia S. Zerdoud D. Bastie L. Dierickx L. Vija Racaru F. Courbon 《Médecine Nucléaire》2018,42(2):70-77
Background
223RadiumCl2 (223Ra) demonstrated in the study ASLYMPCA an improved median overall survival in patients with bone metastases and castration resistant prostate cancer. This treatment is expensive and carries a risk for hematologic toxicity. The main objective of our work was to study a biomarker on 18F-FCH PET/CT to predict the risk of hematological complications of 223Ra. The impact of 18F-FCH PET/CT on the initial management of 223Ra therapy was also investigated.Materials and Methods
Eighteen patients were included in this retrospective study between January 2015 and June 2016. 18F-FCH PET/CT was performed before 223Ra therapy to evaluate contraindications. A new biomarker was developed: RVV (bone tumor volume/total bone volume).Results
The initial PET confirmed the possibility of treatment for 67 % of included patients. For the other 33 %, the cause of the exclusion was the presence of visceral metastasis or lymph node(s) (50 %), extensive bone disease (17 %) or both (33 %). Five patients had hematological toxicity, one grade 3, five grade 1–2. RVV was correlated with the decrease in hemoglobin (r = 0.88; P = 0.004) and to thrombocyte decrease (r = 0.68; P = 0.06). The best cut-off to prevent hematologic toxicities was RVV = 7.1 which means 7.1 % of tumoral bone.Conclusion
Baseline 18F-FCH PET/CT allow patient selection for 223Ra. RVV could be an efficient biomarker of hematological toxicity of 223Ra. 相似文献3.
Maxim B. Freidin Helena R.R. Wells Tilly Potter Gregory Livshits Cristina Menni Frances M.K. Williams 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2018,1864(2):601-606
Background
Fatigue is a sensation of unbearable tiredness that frequently accompanies chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) and inflammatory joint disease. Its mechanisms are poorly understood and there is a lack of effective biomarkers for diagnosis and onset prediction. We studied the circulating metabolome in a population sample characterised for CWP to identify biomarkers showing specificity for fatigue.Material and methods
Untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted on fasting plasma and serum samples of 1106 females with and without CWP from the TwinsUK cohort. Linear mixed-effects models accounting for covariates were used to determine relationships between fatigue and metabolites. Receiver operating curve (ROC)-analysis was used to determine predictive value of metabolites for fatigue.Results
While no association between fatigue and metabolites was identified in twins without CWP (n = 711), in participants with CWP (n = 395), levels of eicosapentaenoate (EPA) ω-3 fatty acid were significantly reduced in those with fatigue (β = ? 0.452 ± 0.116; p = 1.2 × 10? 4). A significant association between fatigue and two other metabolites also emerged when BMI was excluded from the model: 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF), and C-glycosyltryptophan (p = 1.5 × 10? 4 and p = 3.1 × 10? 4, respectively). ROC analysis has identified a combination of 15 circulating metabolites with good predictive potential for fatigue in CWP (AUC = 75%; 95% CI 69–80%).Conclusion
The results of this agnostic metabolomics screening show that fatigue is metabolically distinct from CWP, and is associated with a decrease in circulating levels of EPA. Our panel of circulating metabolites provides the starting point for a diagnostic test for fatigue in CWP. 相似文献4.
G. Bera M. Soret J.-A. Maisonobe A. Giron J.-M. Garnier M.-O. Habert A. Kas 《Médecine Nucléaire》2018,42(1):45-48
Introduction
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) is an imaging modality routinely used in oncology, hematology, as well as in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Frequently, patients and their accompanying persons may be apprehensive concerning risks of radiation exposure after performing this examination, particularly when it concerns nearby young adolescents or pregnant women. Our objective was to clearly explain about radiation protection instructions for patients after performing whole-body FDG-PET/CT based on the Equivalent Dose Rate (EDR) estimation at our nuclear medicine department.Methods
We measured the dosage rates from 14 patients after undergoing whole-body FDG-PET/CT performed on two different PET/CT systems, with and without Time-of-Flight technology (TOF), in the Pitié Salpêtrière–Charles Foix Hospital Group. The patients explored, using the TOF PET/CT system (group 1, n = 7), had a FDG injected dose (FDG-ID) of 3.7 MBq/kg whereas those explored using the non-TOF PET/CT system (group 2, n = 7) had a FDG-ID of 5 MBq/kg. Measurements of the EDR at 0.8 m (EDR-0.8 m) from the sternum were obtained immediately after PET/CT completion.Results
Patients did not differ in terms of body mass index, mean ± SD 27.2 ± 7.1 kg/m2 and 27.9 ± 8.1 kg/m2, for group 1 and 2 respectively. The median administrated activity was not significantly different between the two groups: 263 MBq [187–362] for group 1 and 377 MBq [228–608] for group 2. The median delay of EDR-0.8 m measurement after FDG-injection was lower for group 1 (85 min [70–118]) (P = 0.03). The median of EDR-0.8 m did not differ between the 2 groups, 27 μSv/h [22–42] and 34 μSv/h [28–82] for group 1 and 2 respectively as well as the EDR-8 m normalized to the FDG-ID, 0.13 μSv/h/MBq [0.07–0.15] and 0.08 μSv//h/MBq [0.06–0.15], for group 1 and 2 respectively.Conclusion
The present study confirmed the low values of EDR from patients after whole-body FDG-PET/CT. This suggests that patients and their accompanying persons can be reassured about potential risks of radiation exposure after this examination and that cautionary advice is unnecessary at our Hospital Group. 相似文献5.
Elham Hosseinzadeh Nooshin Banaee Hassan Ali Nedaie 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(1):39-46
Aim
The aim of this study is to calculate neutron contamination at the presence of circular cones irradiating by 18 MV photons using Monte Carlo code.Background
Small photon fields are one of the most useful methods in radiotherapy. One of the techniques for shaping small photon beams is applying circular cones made of lead. Using this method in high energy photon due to neutron contamination is a crucial issue.Materials and methods
Initially, Varian linac producing 18 MV photons was simulated and after validating the code, various circular cones were also simulated. Then, the number of neutrons, neutron equivalent dose and absorbed dose per Gy of photon dose were calculated along the central axis.Results
Number of neutrons per Gy of photon dose had their maximum value at depth of 2 cm and these values for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mm circular cones were 9.02, 7.76, 7.61, 6.02 and 5.08 (n cm?2 Gy?1), respectively. Neutron equivalent doses per Gy of photon dose had their maximum at the surface of the phantom and these values for mentioned collimators were 1.48, 1.33, 1.31, 1.12 and 1.08 (mSv Gy?1), respectively. Neutron absorbed doses had their maximum at the surface of the phantom and these values for mentioned collimators sizes were 103.74, 99.71, 95.77, 81.46 and 78.20 (μGy/Gy), respectively.Conclusions
As the field size gets smaller, number of neutrons, equivalent and absorbed dose per Gy of photon increase. Also, neutron equivalent dose and absorbed dose are maximum at the surface of phantom and then these values will be decreased. 相似文献6.
Sandra Gil-Alonso Guillermo Quindós Emilia Cantón Elena Eraso Nerea Jauregizar 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):24-29
Background
Candida parapsilosis, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis are emerging as relevant causes of candidemia. Moreover, they show differences in their antifungal susceptibility and virulence. The echinocandins are different in terms of in vitro antifungal activity against Candida. Time-kill (TK) curves represent an excellent approach to evaluate the fungicidal activity of antifungal drugs.Aims
To compare the fungicidal activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against C. parapsilosis species complex by TK curves.Methods
Antifungal activities of three echinocandins against C. parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis were studied by TK curves. Drug concentrations assayed were 0.25, 2 and 8 μg/ml. CFU/ml were determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h.Results
Killing activities of echinocandins were species-, isolates- and concentration-dependent. Anidulafungin reached the fungicidad endpoint for 6 out of 7 isolates (86%); it required between 13.34 and 29.67 h to reach this endpoint for the three species studied, but more than 48 h were needed against one isolate of C. orthopsilosis (8 μg/ml). Caspofungin fungicidal endpoint was only achieved with 8 μg/ml against one isolate of C. metapsilosis after 30.12 h (1 out of 7 isolates; 14%). Micafungin fungicidal endpoint was reached in 12.74–28.38 h (8 μg/ml) against one isolate each of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, and against both C. metapsilosis isolates (4 out of 7 isolates; 57%).Conclusions
C. metapsilosis was the most susceptible species to echinocandins, followed by C. orthopsilosis and C. parapsilosis. Anidulafungin was the most active echinocandin against C. parapsilosis complex. 相似文献7.
Alba Pérez-Cantero Pamela Thomson Katihuska Paredes Josep Guarro Javier Capilla 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):37-40
Background
The incidence of systemic infections by Saccharomyces cerevisiae has increased in recent years, especially among immunocompromised patients. Amphotericin B, voriconazole or echinocandins have been used with favorable outcome against systemic infections by this fungus. However, clinical experience is limited and no in vivo studies have been conducted.Aims
We evaluated the in vitro activity of nine antifungal compounds against S. cerevisiae and the in vivo efficacy of those three antifungals showing the highest in vitro activity by using a murine model of systemic infection.Methods
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method against three strains of S. cerevisiae. After intravenous infection with 5 × 107 CFUs, animals received liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg), voriconazole (25 mg/kg) or anidulafungin (5 mg/kg). Treatment efficacy was assessed by determining of CFUs/g in liver, kidney, brain, lung and spleen.Results
5-Fluorocytosine was the most in vitro active compound followed by amphotericin B, voriconazole and anidulafungin. The in vivo study showed that liposomal amphotericin B was the most effective drug driving highest fungal clearance.Conclusions
All treatments reduced the fungal load in comparison to the control group, being liposomal amphotericin B the most effective drug followed by anidulafungin and finally voriconazole. 相似文献8.
Ryszard Dąbrowski Izabela Drozdyk Paweł Kukołowicz 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):114-120
Aim
To investigate the influence of several factors on the accuracy of dose measurements and feasibility of application of small Gafchromic detectors for postal audit.Background
Our experience showed that precision of dose measurements with small pieces of Gafchromic films may be significantly improved.Materials and methods
Gafchromic films with dimensions of 1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 cm2 were exposed to 6 MV X-rays at dose levels of 50 cGy-210 cGy. The single- and multichannel methods (MM) were used for dose measurements. Detectors were scanned with an Epson V750PRO flatbed colour scanner. For 1 × 1 and larger detector sizes, separate calibration curves were established. The influence of the following factors was investigated: the heterogeneity of Gafchromic detectors group for single- and MM, ambient thermal detector conditions, the dose delivered on the measurement accuracy, application of two separate calibration curves for the smallest and larger pieces of films.Results
The MM improves significantly the precision of dose measurement. The uncertainty attributed to detector active layer differences and scanner instabilities was about 1 cGy (1 StDev) regardless of dose and detector size. The ambient temperature of the environment in which films were stored after irradiation influenced the dose reading. Significant difference of transmission for detectors sized 1 × 1 and 2 × 2cm2 was observed. The maximal difference between applied dose and dose reading performed was 1.1%.Conclusions
The MM with a scaling protocol leads to a very high precision of dose measurements. The ambient thermal detector environment causes significant changes of measured signal. The detector size has relevant impact on dose reading. 相似文献9.
Roger Cai Xiang Soh Guan Heng Tay Wen Siang Lew James Cheow Lei Lee 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(5):413-424
Aim
To identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms using AIP CT of a 4D dataset.Background
Motion due to respiration may challenge dose prediction of dose calculation algorithms during treatment planning.Materials and methods
The two versions of depth dose calculation algorithms, namely, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) version 10.0 (AAAv10.0), AAA version 13.6 (AAAv13.6) and Acuros XB dose calculation (AXB) algorithm version 10.0 (AXBv10.0), AXB version 13.6 (AXBv13.6), were compared against a full MC simulated 6X photon beam using QUASAR respiratory motion phantom with a moving chest wall. To simulate the moving chest wall, a 4 cm thick wax mould was attached to the lung insert of the phantom. Depth doses along the central axis were compared in the anterior and lateral beam direction for field sizes 2 × 2 cm2, 4 × 4 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2.Results
For the lateral beam direction, the moving chest wall highlighted differences of up to 105% for AAAv10.0 and 40% for AXBv10.0 from MC calculations in the surface and buildup doses. AAAv13.6 and AXBv13.6 agrees with MC predictions to within 10% at similar depth. For anterior beam doses, dose differences predicted for both versions of AAA and AXB algorithm were within 7% and results were consistent with static heterogeneous studies.Conclusions
The presence of the moving chest wall was capable of identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms. These differences could not be identified in the static chest wall as shown in the anterior beam depth dose calculations. 相似文献10.
Radhakrishnan Surendra Kumar Meera Moydeen Salem S. Al-Deyab Aseer Manilal Akbar Idhayadhulla 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(1):66-71
A simple and convenient one-pot four-component synthesis of morpholine-connected pyrazolidine derivatives 2a–f and 4a–f was developed using direct metal-free catalysis, with the identities of the synthesized compounds confirmed by IR, NMR (1H and 13C), mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The prepared compounds were inspected for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.Antimicrobial and antifungal activities against five bacterial and four fungal pathogens, respectively, were investigated using the disc diffusion technique. In antibacterial activity, compounds 2d and 2f (MIC = 2 μg/mL) exhibited significantly higher activity than the standard ciprofloxacin. The results of antifungal assay showed that the activity of compound 4a (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL) was significantly higher than the standard clotrimazole. Antioxidant activity was screened based on ABTS+ radical scavenging and linoleic acid peroxidation performance. Compound 4a showed substantial antioxidant (91.3%) activities, as compared with the Trolox standard. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using HepG2 (liver), HeLa (cervical), and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines, with high toxicities observed for 2b (GI50 = 12.2 μm) and 4a (GI50 = 07.8 μm). 相似文献
11.
Avinash H. Udayashankar Shibina Noorjahan Nirmala Srikantia K. Ravindra Babu Sandeep Muzumder 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):233-241
Aim
To identify the most reproducible technique of patient positioning and immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy.Background
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Errors in positioning of patient are an integral component of treatment. The present study compares two methods of immobilization with no immobilization with an aim of identifying the most reproducible method.Materials and methods
65 consecutive patients receiving pelvic external beam radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. 30, 21 and 14 patients were treated with no-immobilization with a leg separator, whole body vacuum bag cushion (VBC) and six point aquaplast immobilization system, respectively. The systematic error, random error and the planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated for all the three techniques and statistically analyzed.Results
The systematic errors were the highest in the VBC and random errors were the highest in the aquaplast group. Both systematic and random errors were the lowest in patients treated with no-immobilization. 3D Systematic error (mm, mean ± 1SD) was 4.31 ± 3.84, 3.39 ± 1.71 and 2.42 ± 0.97 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. 3D random error (mm, 1SD) was 2.96, 3.59 and 1.39 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between all the three groups. The calculated PTV margins were the smallest for the no-immobilization technique with 4.56, 4.69 and 4.59 mm, respectively, in x, y and z axes, respectively.Conclusions
Among the three techniques, no-immobilization technique with leg separator was the most reproducible technique with the smallest PTV margins. For obvious reasons, this technique is the least time consuming and most economically viable in developing countries. 相似文献12.
Adela Poitevin-Chacón Jessica Chávez-Nogueda Rubí Ramos Prudencio Alejandro Calvo Fernández Alejandro Rodríguez Laguna Jesús Linares Julio César Martínez 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):91-96
Aim
To evaluate the dose distribution to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Background
Postoperative radiotherapy may increase the risk of heart disease, particularly in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Clinical data on doses to the LAD are limited.Materials and methods
Retrospective study of 14 patients who underwent postoperative 3DCRT for left breast cancer in 2014. All data were retrieved from medical records. Means, medians, ranges, and percentages were calculated.Results
The mean dose to the LAD in patients with V25 < 1% was 0.12 cGy. Dmean, Dmax and V25 to the heart were, respectively, 3.7 Gy (range, 0.9–4.18), 40.3 Gy (9.28–62.9), and 1.59 cGy. The mean Dmean and Dmax values in the sample were 9.71 Gy and 33.2 Gy, respectively. The maximum dose to the LAD (D2%) ranged from 3.66 to 53.01 Gy. Due to the spacing of the CT slices (5 mm), it was not possible to completely contour the entire artery. The mean dose to the heart (3.3 Gy) was considered acceptable.Conclusions
The maximum dose to the LAD was as high as 53 Gy, suggesting an increased risk of cardiac morbidity. This study underscores the value of contouring the LAD and the value of the breath hold technique to reduce maximum cardiac doses. Smaller CT cuts (2.5 mm) can improve contouring. Larger studies with long-term follow up are needed to determine the radiation tolerance dose for the LAD. 相似文献13.
Hidekazu Tanaka Takahiro Yamaguchi Kae Hachiya Shingo Kamei Satoshi Ishihara Masahide Hayashi Shinichi Ogawa Hironori Nishibori Satoshi Goshima Masayuki Matsuo 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(1):28-33
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the treatment result of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in a large number of Japanese patients with prostate cancer.Background
A total of 1091 patients with localized prostate cancer were recruited between March 2006 and July 2014. The patients were stratified into low- (n = 205 [18.8%]), intermediate- (n = 450 [41.2%]), high- (n = 345 [31.6%]), and very high-risk (n = 91 [8.3%]) groups according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network classification. All patients were irradiated via IMRT at a dose of 74–78 Gy with or without androgen-deprivation therapy. The mean follow-up period was 50 months (range, 2–120 months).Results
The biochemical failure-free rate (BFFR), the clinical failure-free rate, and the overall survival rate at the 5-year follow-up for all patients was 91.3%, 96.2%, and 99.1%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≤20 vs. >20 ng/ml) were significantly correlated with BFFR. A trend toward higher BFFR was noted in patients with a Gleason score (GS) of ≤7 than in patients with GS ≥8. In multivariate analysis, only PSA (≤20 vs. >20 ng/ml) was significantly correlated with BFFR. The cumulative incidence rate of gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity (≥grade 2) at the 5-year follow-up was 11.4% and 4.3%, respectively.Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that IMRT is well tolerated and is associated with both good long-term tumor control and excellent outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer. 相似文献14.
Paulrayer Antonisamy Paul Agastian Chang-Won Kang Nam Soo Kim Jong-Hoon Kim 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(1)
Objective
Anti-inflammatory activity of rhein in animal models with potential mechanism of actions.Methods
Rhein was isolated from Cassia fistula L. flowers collected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Its anti-inflammatory activity was then investigated in Wistar rats and mice using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, croton oil-induced ear oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models.Results
Administration of rhein (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice in dose-dependent manners. Continual administration of rhein to rats using implanted cotton pellets significantly (p < 0.05) reduced granuloma formation (20 mg/kg: 17.24%; 40 mg/kg: 36.12%) compared to control group animals. Administration of rhein increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and decreased the levels of nitrite, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to control animals. Western blotting results revealed that rhein diminished carrageenan-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and heat shock protein (HSP)-72 expression after 6 h in the paw oedema model.Conclusion
The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of rhein might be related to decrease in the levels of MDA, iNOS and COX-2 and the stimulation of HO-1, PPAR-γ and Nrf2 expression via increases in the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-px through the suppression of nitrite, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. 相似文献15.
Aim
In this study, at different fields, energies and gantry angles, treatment couch and rails dose absorption ratio and treatment couch effect on surface and build-up region doses were examined.Background
It is assumed that radiation attenuation is minimal because the carbon fiber couches have low density and it is not generally accounted for during treatment planning. Consequently, it leads to a major dosimetric mistake.Materials and methods
Solid water phantom was used for relative dose measurement. The measurements were done using a Farmer ion chamber with 0.6 cc volume and a parallel plane ion chamber starting from surface with 1 mm depth intervals at 10 × 10 cm2 field, SSD 100 cm. Measurements were taken for situations where the beams intersect the couch and couch rails.Results
Dose absorption ratio of carbon fiber couch obtained at gantry angle of 180° was 1.52%, 0.69%, 0.33% and 0.25% at different field sizes for 6 MV. For 15 MV, this ratio was 0.95%, 0.27%, 0.20% and 0.05%. The absorption ratio is between 3.4% and 1.22% when the beams intersect with couch rails. The couch effect increased surface dose from 14% to 70% for 6 MV and from 11.34% to 53.03% for 15 MV.Conclusions
The results showed that the carbon fiber couch increased surface dose during posterior irradiation. Therefore, the skin-sparing effect of the high energy beams was decreased. If the effect of couch is not considered, it may cause significant differences at dose which reaches the patient and may cause tissue problems such as erythema. 相似文献16.
Use of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum
María Virginia Ozcariz-Fermoselle Raúl Fraile-Fabero Tomás Girbés-Juan Oscar Arce-Cervantes Juan Andrés Oria de Rueda-Salgueiro Anabela Marisa Azul 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2018,35(2):103-109
Background
The wastes of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) production are increasing worldwide and have high concentrations of tannins and phenols.Aims
To study the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan used as solid substrate for the cultivation of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.Methods
Six formulations of pecan wastes were used as solid substrate: pecan shells (PS100), pecan pericarp (PP100), pecan wood-chips (PB100), and the combinations PS50 + PP50, PB50 + PS50 and PB50 + PP50. The substrates were inoculated with a wild strain of G. lucidum collected in the Iberian Peninsula. The biodegradation capability of G. lucidum was estimated by using the mycelial growth rate, the biological efficiency, the production and the dry biological efficiency.Results
Notably, all solid substrates were suitable for G. lucidum growth and mushroom yield. The best performance in mushroom yield was obtained with PB100 (55.4% BE), followed by PB50 + PP50 (31.7% BE) and PB50 + PS50 (25.4% BE). The mushroom yield in the substrates containing pecan wood-chips (PB) was significantly higher.Conclusions
Our study is leading the way in attempting the cultivation of G. lucidum on lignocellulosic pecan waste. These results show an environmentally friendly alternative that increases the benefits for the global pecan industry, especially in rural areas, and transforms biomass into mushrooms with nutraceutical properties and biotechnological applications. 相似文献17.
Sweta Bandanatham Janaki Manur Gururajachar Mohan Kumar Somashekar 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):69-74
Aim
This prospective study aims to assess the compliance with bladder protocol and the correlation with enteritis during pelvic radiation.Background
Bladder protocol is routinely used for patients undergoing pelvic radiation to reduce radiation enteritis. It is very difficult to maintain constant volume especially in the last two weeks due to radiation enteritis and cystitis.Materials and methods
Histologically proven 35 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation in a tertiary care center were the subjects of this prospective study. Following CT simulation and after every fraction, patients were asked to void urine in a calibrated urine container and the volume was documented. Patients were assessed for the highest grade of radiation enteritis weekly as per common toxicity criteria. The mean voided urine volume was correlated with the radiation enteritis.Results
The mean urine volume at planning CT scan was 295.85 ± 300 ml (SD) with a range of 75–650. At the end of treatment, it was reduced to 233.14 ± 250 ml (range 50–400 ml), a reduction by 21% (p < 0.001). The maximum grade of enteritis was grade I (11%), II (11.4%), III (3–29%) in week 1,2 and 3–5, respectively with a p value of <0.001. A mean urine volume of 230 ml was associated with grade III enteritis in the third week.Conclusions
Urine output volume measured using a calibrated container is a simple, efficient and practical method to monitor bladder distension thereby reducing enteritis in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation. 相似文献18.
Sureyya Sarıhan Ahmet Sami Bayram Cengiz Gebitekin Omer Yerci Deniz Sıgırlı 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):97-104
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) for treatment outcomes and prognostic factors on survival.Background
TETs are very rare neoplasms and multidisciplinary approach is recommended according to prognostic factors.Materials and methods
Between 1995 and 2013, 31 patients were treated with median 5400 cGy (range: 1620–6596 cGy) radiotherapy (RT). Eleven patients received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. There were 25 thymomas, 4 thymic carcinomas and 2 thymic neuroendocrin carcinomas. According to Masaoka, staging and WHO classification, cases were divided to good (n: 10), moderate (n: 9) and poor (n: 12) prognostic risk groups. Survival was calculated from diagnosis.Results
In January 2016, 22 cases were alive with median 51.5 months (range: 2–170.5) follow-up. Recurrences were observed in 29% of patients in median 29.5 months (range: 6.5–105). Local control, mean overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86%, 119 and 116 months, respectively. There was a significant difference for R0 vs. R+ resection (81% vs. 43%, p = 0.06, and 69% vs. 46%, p = 0.05), Masaoka stage I–II vs. III–IV (75% vs. 52%, p = 0.001, and 75% vs. 37%, p < 0.001), and also prognostic risk groups (100% vs. 89% vs. 48%, p = 0.003, and 100% vs. 87% vs. 27%, p = 0.004) in terms of 5-year OS and DFS, respectively.Conclusion
In our study, prognostic risk stratification was shown to be a significant predictor of survival. There is a need to investigate subgroups that may or may not benefit from adjuvant RT. 相似文献19.
S. Gonzalez Olivier Mundler Christophe Doddoli Fabrice Barlesi Thomas Tessonnier Bardia Farman Serge Cammilleri Laurent Boyer Eric Guedj Laurent Tessonnier 《Médecine Nucléaire》2018,42(4):206-213
Purpose
To evaluate diagnostic impact of routinely use of respiratory gated (RG) 18FDG PET/CT to distinguish benign and malignant lung nodules.Methods
We analyzed retrospectively data of 76 patients referred for metabolic characterization of lung nodules who underwent whole body 18FDG PET/CT scan followed by RG PET/CT (deep-inspiration breath-hold, DIBH). RG was prospectively planned without knowledge of WB PET/CT results. Independent reading of PET/CT scans with or without respiratory gating was separately conducted by two nuclear medicine physicians. Uptake of lung nodules was evaluated visually (positive if nodule's uptake superior to pulmonary background uptake), and quantitatively (SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic volume, tumor to background ratio). Reference standard was obtained for all patients by histology (n = 37) or clinico-radiological follow-up (n = 39). Sub-groups were also evaluated (nodule < 15 mm, lower lobe nodules).Results
Nodules were classified positives without RG scans in 43/76 (59.7%) patients and with RG scans in 41/75 (54.6%) patients. Results were discordant for 5/75 (6.7%) patients. According to the reference standard, 35/39 cancers were correctly identified by PET/CT without RG, and 34/38 by RG PET/CT. Without RG PET, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 89.7%, 78.4% and 84.2% respectively. With RG PET, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 89.5%, 81.1% and 85.3% respectively, not statistically different. Concerning quantitative analysis, results were not statistically better with RG than without RG and were not better than visual analysis. Sub-groups analysis showed no added value of RG scans in specific groups (lower lobes and smaller nodules).Conclusion
Routinely use of RG did not help in the diagnosis of neoplastic lung nodules. Others evaluations are needed to assess the contribution of RG for others selective indications (therapeutic evaluation, radiotherapy planning, characterization of liver lesions). 相似文献20.
Hamid Shafaei Douk Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri Mahdi Ghorbani Bagher Farhood Mohsen Bakhshandeh Hamid Reza Hemmati 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):105-113