Spectral properties and bio-activity of copper(II) clofibriates, part III: crystal structure of Cu(clofibriate)2(2-pyridylmethanol)2, Cu(clofibriate)2(4-pyridylmethanol)2(H2O) dihydrate, and Cu2(clofibriate)4(N,N-diethylnicotinamide)2

New copper(II) clofibriates (clof, {2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic or 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid}) of composition Cu(clof)₂L₂ (where L=2-pyridylmethanol (2-pymeth) (1), N-methylnicotinamide (Menia) (4), N,N-diethylnicotinamide (Et₂nia) (5), isonicotinamide (isonia) (7) or methyl-3-pyridylcarbamate (mpc) (8)), [Cu(clof)₂(4-pymeth)₂(H₂O)] · 2H₂O (4-pymeth=4-pyridylmethanol) (2 · 2H₂O) and Cu(clof)₂L (where L=4-pymeth (3) or Et₂nia (6)) have been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. All the Cu(clof)₂L₂ compounds seem to possess distorted octahedral copper(II) stereochemistry with differing tetragonal distortions. An X-ray analysis of 1 was carried out and it featured a tetragonal-bipyramidal geometry around the copper(II) atom. X-ray analysis of 2 · 2H₂O featured a square-pyramidal geometry around copper(II) atom. Both the Cu(clof)₂L compounds seem to consist of a binuclear unit of tetracarboxylate type bridging. An X-ray analysis of 6 revealed typical binuclear paddle-wheel type structure, consisting of two copper(II) atoms in square-pyramidal geometry bridged by four carboxylate anions in the xy-plane. All complexes under study were characterized by EPR and electronic spectroscopy. The antimicrobial effects have been tested on various strains of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi.     

Electronic spectra of the chromium chalcocarbonyl complexes,Cr(CO)5(CX) and (η6-C6H6)Cr(CO)2(CX) (X= O,S,Se)

The room-temperature electronic spectra of the chromium chalcocarbonyl complexes, Cr(CO)₅(CX) and (η⁶-C₆H₆)Cr(CO)₂(CX) (X = O, S, Se), have been recorded in solution, and in some cases, in the gas phase. Assignments for the thiocarbonyl and selenocarbonyl spectra are proposed on the basis of the literature assignments for the parent all-CO derivatives. Overall, the data support the order of increasing electron withdrawing capacity of the chalcocarbonyl ligands as CO < CS < CSe.     

Synthesis, structure and properties of TTF-carboxylate bridged paddlewheel dirhodium complexes, Rh2(BuCO2)3(TTFCO2) and Rh2(BuCO2)2(TTFCO2)2

Reaction of tetrathiafulvalene carboxylic acid (TTFCO₂H) with paddlewheel dirhodium complex Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₄ yielded TTFCO₂-bridged complexes Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₃(TTFCO₂) (1) and cis- and trans-Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₂(TTFCO₂)₂ (cis- and trans-2). Their triethylamine adducts [1(NEt₃)₂] and cis-[2(NEt₃)₂] were purified and isolated with chromatographic separation, and characterized with single crystal X-ray analysis. Trans-[2(NEt₃)₂] is not completely separated from a mixture of cis- and trans-[2(NEt₃)₂], but its single crystals were obtained from a solution of the mixture. A three-step quasi-reversible oxidation process was observed for 1 in MeCN. The first two steps correspond to the oxidation of the TTFCO₂ moiety and the last one is the oxidation of the Rh₂ core. The oxidation of cis-2 is observed as a two-step process with very similar E_1/2 values to those of the first two processes for 1. Both 1⁺ and cis-2²⁺ in MeCN at room temperature show isotropic ESR spectra with a g value of 2.008 and a_H = 0.135 mT for two equivalent H atoms and a_H = 0.068 mT for one H atom. The redox and ESR data of cis-2 suggest that the intramolecular interaction between the TTF moieties is very small.     

Synthesis and characterization of SrCu2(O2CR)3(bdmap)3 and Bi2(O2CCH3)4(bdmap)2(H2O) (R = CH3, CF3; bdmap = 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanolato)

New mixed metal complexes SrCu₂(O₂CR)₃(bdmap)₃ (R = CF₃ (1a), CH₃ (1b)) and a new dinuclear bismuth complex Bi₂(O₂CCH₃)₄(bdmap)₂(H₂O) (2) have been synthesized. Their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Thermal decomposition behaviors of these complexes have been examined by TGA and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. While compound 1a decomposes to SrF₂ and CuO at about 380°C, compound 1b decomposes to the corresponding oxides above 800°C. Compound 2 decomposes cleanly to Bi₂O₃ at 330°C. The magnetism of 1a was examined by the measurement of susceptibility from 5–300 K. Theoretical fitting for the susceptibility data revealed that 1a is an antiferromagnetically coupled system with g = 2.012(7), −2J = 34.0(8) cm⁻¹. Crystal data for 1a: C₂₇H₅₁N₆O₉F₉Cu₂Sr/THF, monoclinic space group P2₁/m, A = 10.708(6), B = 15.20(1), C = 15.404(7) Å, β = 107.94(4)°, V = 2386(2) ų, Z = 2; for 1b: C₂₇H₆₀N₆O₉Cu₂Sr/THF, orthorhombic space group Pbcn, A = 19.164(9), B = 26.829(8), C = 17.240(9) Å, V = 8864(5) ų, Z = 8; for 2: C₂₂H₄₈O₁₁N₄Bi₂, monoclinic space group P2₁/c, A = 17.614(9), B = 10.741(3), C = 18.910(7) Å, β = 109.99(3)°, V = 3362(2) ų, Z = 4.     

Coordination polymers of Cu(II) and Cd(II) with bifunctional chelates of the type dipicolylamino-alkylcarboxylate, (NC5H4CH2)2N(CH2)nCO2H (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4)

A series of bifunctional chelates of the type dipicolylamino-alkylcarboxylate (NC₅H₄CH₂)₂N(CH₂)_nCO₂H (n = 1-4; HL¹-HL⁴, respectively) has been prepared. Reactions of the ligands in aqueous methanol/N,N-dimethylformamide with the appropriate Cu(II) salts yielded the compounds [CuL¹](NO₃)·H₂O (1·H₂O), [CuL²(H₂O)]BF₄·H₂O (2·H₂O), [Cu(HL³)(SO₄)]₂ (3) and [CuL⁴(NO₃)]·MeOH (4·MeOH). While compounds 1, 2 and 4 are one-dimensional, the detailed connectivities within the chains are quite distinct, depending on factors such as alkyl chain length and ligation of aqua ligands or anionic components. In contrast to 1, 2 and 4, the structure of 3 is molecular, a binuclear assembly of edge-sharing Cu(II) ‘4+2’ distorted octahedra. The Cd(II) species, [{CdL²}₂(SO₄)]·4H₂O (5·4H₂O), prepared from HL² and CdSO₄·nH₂O in aqueous methanol/N,N-dimethylformamide, is two-dimensional, with a network constructed from binuclear units of seven coordinate Cd(II), , linked through bridging SO₄²⁻ groups to produce an assembly of linked hexagonal rings [{CdL²}₂(SO₄)]₆.     

Supramolecular assemblies of new 2-D complexes: Syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of {[MnAu2(CN)4(NITpPy)2(H2O)2]}n and {[Co(N(CN)2)2(NITpPy)2(H2O)2]}n

Two new complexes, {[MnAu₂(CN)₄(NITpPy)₂(H₂O)₂]}_n (1) and {[Co(N(CN)₂)₂(NITpPy)₂(H₂O)₂]}_n (2), have been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray analysis for the complexes 1 and 2 demonstrates that each M(II) (M = Mn or Co) ion assumes a distorted octahedral MN₄O₂ coordination polyhedron. Four nitrogen atoms come from the cyanide groups and the pyridyl rings in a common plane, and two oxygen atoms come from the H₂O molecules in trans-positions. The structures of complexes 1 and 2 illustrate that aurophilicity and/or hydrogen bonding interactions play important roles in increasing dimensionality. Magnetic investigations on complexes 1 and 2 show the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions.     

CO-loss and geometric isomerization in the frozen matrix photochemistry of cis-Fe(CO)4X2, where X = Br and I, cis-[Et4N][Mn(CO)4Br2], cis-Mn(CO)4(PBu3)Br, and Mn(CO)3(PBu3)2Br

Photolysis of cis-Fe(CO)₄X₂, where X = Br and I, results in low energy, facile rearrangement to the trans isomer with no evidence of CO-loss. In contrast, the isoelectronic cis-Mn(CO)₄Br₂ anion exhibits CO-loss upon photolysis with only weak evidence for the trans isomer. The photolysis of Mn(CO)₅Br, Mn(CO)₄Br(PBu₃) and Mn(CO)₃Br(PBu₃)₂ have also been examined in frozen matrices.     

Thermal deamination kinetics of the nickel-containing chabazite-like aluminophosphate, Ni(NH2-CH2-CH2-NH2)2(AlPO4)6(OH)2, deposition of nanocrystalline NiO particles

Thermogravimetrical analysis has been used to study the kinetics of thermal deamination of bis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)-containing aluminophosphate (Ni-CHA) which is a precursor of nickel(II)-containing chabazite-like AlPO₄-34. The deamination occurs as a single-step kinetic process which is best described by the contracting cylinder model. The obtained activation energy of 200 kJ/mol is mainly a reflection of the strong Ni-N coordination bond. The thermal decomposition of Ni-CHA results in the deposition of crystalline NiO particles homogeneously dispersed in the AlPO₄-34 lattice. Average particle size was found to be about 5 nm. The study confirms that the thermal decomposition of amine complexes of Ni(II) encapsulated inside the microporous aluminophosphate host can be a suitable method for obtaining fine nano-oxide particles.     

Synthesis of new organotitanium (IV) complexes Cp2Ti(SeR)2 and Cp2TiCl(SeR) via tandem reactions involving `Cp2Ti' intermediate. Crystal structures of Cp2TiCl(SeR) (R=p-ClC6H4, p-BrC6H4)

A simple and convenient route for synthesizing organotitanium (IV) complexes with a general formula Cp₂Ti(SeR)₂ or Cp₂TiCl(SeR) has been developed. This synthetic route includes reduction of Cp₂TiCl₂ with Mg and an in situ treatment of the intermediate `Cp₂Ti' with diselenides RSeSeR. Interestingly, while the route involving reaction of Cp₂TiCl₂, Mg and RSeSeR in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 produced Cp₂Ti(SeR)₂, (1-5, R=α-C₁₀H₇, o-MeC₆H₄, m-MeC₆H₄, p-ClC₆H₄, p-BrC₆H₄) in 91-97% yields, the route involving reaction of Cp₂TiCl₂, Mg and RSeSeR in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.5 afforded Cp₂TiCl(SeR) (6-7, R=p-ClC₆H₄, p-BrC₆H₄) in 70% and 92% yields, respectively. 1-7 are new and have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction analysis for 6 and 7. A possible pathway for production of these two types of organotitanium (IV) complexes, mainly depending upon the molar ratio of the starting materials, are briefly discussed.     

Synthesis and structures of the cuboidal iron-sulfur-nitrosyl-phosphine clusters [Fe4S3(NO)4(PR3)3] (R = Et, Pr, C6H11)

A series of cuboidal iron-sulfur clusters [Fe₄S₃(NO)₄(PR₃)₃]^0,1+ (R = Et, Prⁱ, Cy) were synthesized by two routes: reductive desulfurization of [Fe₄S₄(NO)₄] by tertiary phosphines, and substitution of triphenylphosphine in [Fe₄4S₃(NO)₄(PPh₃)₃] by a more basic phosphine. The structures of 3[Fe₄S₃(NO)₄(PEt₃)₃] · 0.5Et₂O, [Fe₄S₃(NO)₄(PEt₃)₃] [Fe₄S₃(NO)₇] and partially substituted [Fe₄S₃(NO)₄(PPh₃)_2⁻ (PPrⁱ₃)] have been determined by X-ray diffraction in order to define the cuboidal Fe₄S₃ core, previously known only in Roussin's black anion and its reduced form, [Fe₄S₃(NO)₇7]^1−,2−, and as a part of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase.     

Isolation, X-ray single crystal and theoretical study of quinquevalent metal oxoisopropoxides, Nb6O8(PrO)14(PrOH)2 and Re4O6(OPr)10

Oxoisopropoxide complexes of niobium, Nb₆O₈(ⁱPrO)₁₄(ⁱPrOH)₂ (I), and rhenium, Re₄O₆(OⁱPr)₁₀ (II), were isolated as byproducts of anodic oxidation of these metals in ⁱPrOH in the presence of LiCl as conductive additive. The common feature of both structures consists in the occurrence in their molecules of an M₄O₁₆ planar core formed in the formal absence of M-M bonding for I and in the presence of electron-deficient but surprisingly short (Re-Re 2.52-2.54 Å) metal-metal bonds in II. The stability of this core for the oxoalkoxide derivatives of rhenium(V,VI) and niobium(V) and poor stability for those of tantalum(V) are discussed based on the results of quantum-chemical calculations.     

Reaction of PtOH complexes with CO2: synthesis and X-ray structure of (PBz3)4Pt2(Ph)2(η1,η1,μ-CO3)·(toluene)

The reaction of (diphoe)Pt(CH₂CN)(OH) and trans-(PBz₃)₂Pt(Ph)(OH) with CO₂ is reported as producing dimeric, bridged carbonato complexes of the type: P₄Pt₂(R)₂(CO₃). The crystal and molecular structure of (PBz₃)₄Pt₂(Ph)₂(μ-CO₃)·(toluene) is also reported, showing η¹, η¹ bonding. The reaction is recognized to proceed in a stepwise fashion through bicarbonato intermediates.     

Reductive thiocyanolysis of tetraoxorhenate (VII): Synthesis, crystal structure, catalytic oxidation and kinetic studies of (PPh4)2[Re(NCS)6] and (PPh4)2[ReO(NCS)5]

Thiocyanate ions reduce perrhenate in aqueous acidic solution, and on addition of a suitable countercation (PPh₄Cl) afford (PPh₄)₂[Re(NCS)₆] (1) and (PPh₄)₂[ReO(NCS)₅] (2), which have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics of the above reaction has been studied. Both the complexes exhibit efficient and highly selective catalytic epoxidation ability in the presence of NaHCO₃ as a co-catalyst and competent catalytic properties in the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones in the presence of pyrazole as an additive and sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones. H₂O₂ was used as the terminal oxidant in all the above-mentioned oxidation reactions.     

Synthesis, spectral and magnetical characterization of monomeric [Cu(2-NO2bz)2(nia)2(H2O)2] and structural analysis of similar [Cu(RCOO)2(L-N)2(H2O)2] complexes

A new complex of composition [Cu(2-NO₂bz)₂(nia)₂(H₂O)₂] (1) (nia = nicotinamide, 2-NO₂bz = 2-nitrobenzoate) has been prepared and its composition and stereochemistry as well as coordination mode have been determined by elemental analysis, electronic, infrared and EPR spectroscopy, magnetization measurements over the temperature range 1.8-300 K, and its structure has been solved, as well. The complex structure consists of the centrosymmetric molecules with Cu(II) atom monodentately coordinated by the pair of 2-nitrobenzoato anions and by the pair of nicotinamide molecules, forming nearly tetragonal basal plane, and by a pair of water molecules that complete tetragonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron about the copper atom. The complex 1 exhibits magnetic moment μ_eff = 1.86 B.M. at 300 K which decreases to μ_eff = 1.83 B.M. at 1.8 K. The magnetic susceptibility temperature dependence obeys Curie-Weiss law with Curie constant of 0.442 cm³ K mol⁻¹ and with Weiss constant of −1.0 K. EPR spectra at room temperature as well as at 77 K are of axial type with g_⊥ = 2.065 and g_∥ = 2.280 and exhibit clearly, but partially resolved parallel hyperfine splitting with A_II = 160 G, that is consistent with the determined molecular structure of 1. In order to analyze the factors influencing the degree of tetragonal distortion of coordination polyhedron, the dataset of 72 structures similar to that of 1 was extracted from CCD and analyzed. A significant correlation between the average Cu-O_ax bond length and tetragonality parameter τ which was found as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller effect.     

Photolytic CO-substitution reaction of organoiron thiocarboxylate derivatives CpFe(CO)2SCOR (R=alkyl, aryl) with diphosphines (Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2) (n=1-6): X-ray crystal structure of [CpFe(dppm)SCO(3,5-(NO2)2C6H3)]

The photolytic CO-substitution reaction of the organoiron thiocarboxylate complexes CpFe(CO)₂SCOR (R=CH₃, 2-CH₃C₆H₄, 2-NO₂C₆H₄, 4-NO₂C₆H₄, 3,5-(NO₂)₂C₆H₃) with diphosphines (Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂) [n=1 (dppm), n=2 (dppe), n=3 (dpppr), n=4 (dppb), n=5 (dppp), n=6 (dpph)] at room temperature using 1:2 (metal-ligand) molar ratio afforded exclusively the disubstituted complexes CpFe(Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂)SCOR when n=1, 2 and 3 and the monosubstituted analogs CpFe(CO)(Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂)SCOR when n=4, 5 and 6. This reaction was found to be strongly influenced by the backbone length of the diphosphine ligand, the nature of the R group of the thiocarboxylate moiety and the metal-ligand molar ratios. The crystal structure of CpFe(dppm)SCO(3,5-(NO₂)₂C₆H₃) was determined.     

Convenient preparation of [CuX(PCy3)2](X = Br, I, SCN, N3) complexes. X-ray crystal structure of [Cu(N3)(PCy3)2] (Cy = cyclo-C6H11)

The labile cations [Cu(F-BF₃)(PCy₃)₂] and [Cu(OTf)(PCy₃)₂] are versatile precursors for the formation of [Cu(X)(PCy₃)₂] (X = Br, I, SCN, N₃) complexes by metathesis with NaX. The azide [Cu(N₃)(PCy₃)₂] is triclinic, space group , a = 9.755(4), B = 22.78(1), C = 9.284(6) Å, = 96.76(3), β = 115.36(3), γ = 94.20(5)°, Z = 2.