PTEN基因诱导人胚肾293细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞

为了研究抑癌基因PTEN过表达对HEK293细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞的作用,以野生型PTEN和PTEN突变子(T910G)表达质粒分别转染无PTEN表达的人胚肾293细胞,采用细胞质梯度DNA方法检测细胞凋亡,以流式细胞仪分析细胞周期.发现PTEN过表达能够诱导人胚肾293细胞质中出现梯度DNA,293细胞发生凋亡,PTEN过表达改变细胞周期分布,G0/G1期细胞增加13%,S期细胞下降15%.PTEN突变子对细胞凋亡和G1细胞停滞的影响略弱于野生型PTEN.PTEN基因过表达明显下调血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)诱导的蛋白激酶B(PKB)和p42,p44-促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)磷酸化水平,PTEN突变子对p42,p44-MAPK磷酸化水平的调节作用略弱于野生型PTEN.PTEN通过抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡而影响细胞生长.     

人肺癌细胞抑癌基因PTEN的表达与失巢凋亡的关系

应用Northern印迹、Western印迹和DNA梯形片段方法 ,研究 8株不同细胞类型的人肺癌细胞中抑癌基因PTEN的表达与失巢凋亡 (anoikis)的关系 ,并分析在此过程中蛋白激酶B(proteinkinaseB ,PKB)和粘着斑激酶(focaladhesionkinase ,FAK)的作用。发现 8株人肺癌细胞PTEN均有mRNA表达 ,且mRNA水平比较接近。但PTEN的蛋白质水平不一致 ,其中 95C、95D和A1株的PTEN蛋白未检测到 ;A549、A4、A7和L1株的PTEN蛋白有表达 ,但较低 ;而H460 株的PTEN表达较强。PTEN缺失的 95D和高表达的H460 细胞株中PTENcDNA序列分析均未发生片断缺失或点突变。RNA稳定性分析表明 ,95DmRNA稳定性较H460 明显下降。在无血清且去粘附培养条件下 ,高表达PTEN的细胞株H460 可被诱导发生失巢凋亡现象 ,在 10 %血清培养条件下可保护其免于失巢凋亡 ,而PTEN缺失的 95D等和其他PTEN低表达的细胞株却没有发生诱导失巢凋亡现象。进一步研究发现PTEN表达可降低PKB的磷酸化 ,下调FAK蛋白质的表达。结果提示各种人肺癌细胞株中PTEN蛋白表达存在显著差异。PTEN参与了失巢凋亡的发生。     

重组腺病毒介导人野生型p53和B7-1基因诱导喉癌细胞凋亡并增强其免疫原性

为开展喉癌的复合基因治疗,观察共表达人野生型p53和B7-1基因的重组腺病毒Ad-p53/B7-1对喉癌细胞增殖及免疫原性的影响,检测到Ad-p53/B7-1介导的人野生型p53基因可抑制喉癌细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,同时B7-1基因的导入可增强喉癌细胞的免疫原性基因修饰的癌细胞可刺激自体肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞增殖,并诱导外周血淋巴细胞形成对肿瘤具有特异杀伤性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞。     

蛋白质组学在细胞凋亡研究中的应用

细胞凋亡是一种遗传决定的在多细胞生物生长发育和稳态维持中发挥重要作用的细胞程序性死亡. 正常细胞中细胞凋亡程序受精细调控, 而肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等多种疾病的发生与细胞凋亡的失调密切相关, 因此对其分子机制的研究备受关注. 在过去的20多年研究中, 发现很多凋亡相关的蛋白质被翻译后机制调控, 包括蛋白质剪切、转位、蛋白质相互作用和各种翻译后修饰等, 这些正是蛋白质组学的研究范畴. 近年来, 蛋白质组学技术飞速发展, 并与遗传学和化学生物学等学科交叉, 推动了功能蛋白质组学和化学/药物蛋白质组学的发展, 并被迅速地应用于细胞凋亡研究领域, 有对细胞凋亡研究产生重要影响的潜力. 本文综述了近年来本实验室及国际上运用蛋白质组学技术和策略研究细胞凋亡的主要进展, 同时展望了蛋白质组学在凋亡研究领域的方向和挑战.     

镉诱导HEK293细胞凋亡及其线粒体凋亡途径

本课题研究了氯化镉(CdCl_2)诱导HEK293细胞(人胚胎肾细胞系)的凋亡,初步探讨了凋亡过程中Caspase-3、Bcl-2的变化和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)的转移以及它们的意义。MTT法检测CdCl_2对HEK293细胞增殖的抑制作用;通过倒置显微镜、电镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞术、激光共聚焦观察细胞凋亡;应用Western blot法和荧光免疫法测定Caspase-3酶原、Bcl-2蛋白的变化以及检测AIF蛋白在细胞中的定位。结果显示:CdCl_2对HEK293细胞具有显著的生长抑制作用,并呈明显的剂量和时间依赖性。在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,显示有凋亡细胞特有的DNA梯状条带,其中30μmol/L作用6-9h梯状条带最为清晰,时间过长或浓度过高则梯状条带逐渐模糊,表明镉浓度过高或处理时间过长,细胞有坏死。流式细胞仪检测也印证了这一结果。形态学观察可见明显的细胞凋亡特征。同时线粒体膜电位明显下降,发现Caspase-3酶原蛋白、Bcl-2蛋白含量减少,并具有时间依赖性;另外检测到线粒体AIF向细胞核转移。而Bcl-2转染后有一定的抑制凋亡作用。实验结果提示,CdCl_2能够诱导HEK293细胞凋亡,线粒体损伤导致AIF转移与细胞色素c释放,从而引发的非Caspases与Caspases凋亡途径可能在镉引发的细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用,而Caspase-3, Bcl-2起着重要的调控作用。     

蛋白激酶B抗细胞凋亡的信号转导机制

蛋白激酶B是抗细胞凋亡的重要调节子。蛋白激酶B的抗细胞凋亡机制主要涉及：磷酸化FoxO降低其与凋亡有关的转录活性;使凋亡抑制剂存活蛋白(survivin)的表达增加;使NF-κB活化并转位入核,启动抗凋亡基因的转录;使胱天蛋白酶-8(caspase-8)抑制剂FLIP(FADD—like ICE inhibitory protein)的表达增加;磷酸化MDM2使其转位入核进而抑制p53的促凋亡作用;使糖原合成酶激酶3失活;磷酸化Bad使其与Bcl-2或Bcl—XL解离而抗细胞凋亡;直接磷酸化胱天蛋白酶-9使其激活下游胱天蛋白酶的能力降低。     

CDK1 siRNA干扰在Taxol诱导细胞凋亡中的作用

目的研究转染细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶1（cyclin．dependent kinase1,CDK1）siRNA、以及转染后进行凋亡刺激对细胞周期和凋亡的影响,探讨CDK1在细胞凋亡中的确切作用,揭示细胞周期与细胞凋亡协调的分子机制。方法以人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞为研究对象,脂质体转染CDK1siRNA,转染后48h加紫杉醇（Tax01）（20μg／m1）刺激凋亡,Western印迹检测CDK1和抗凋亡蛋白BCL2表达,AnnexinV／PI法检测细胞的凋亡,流式细胞仪分析DNA含量检测细胞周期。结果转染CDK1 siRNA后,CDK1蛋白的表达下降,细胞周期G2／M期比例增加,细胞凋亡率与对照相比没有明显升高。只加Taxol刺激12h后细胞凋亡率增加并伴有S期和G2／M期比例增加。转染CDKlsiRNA后再用Taxol刺激,其细胞凋亡率没有明显改变,G2／M期阻滞效应也没有叠加。BCL2蛋白只在加Taxol刺激组表达下降,与CDK1表达减少没有相关性。结论siRNA沉默导致的CDK1表达降低只导致细胞周期G2／M期阻滞,没有引起细胞凋亡;CDK1的表达降低对紫杉醇所诱导的细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡效应没有明显影响。     

ARG1基因对人胚肾细胞293砷染毒前后增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:观察ARG1基因对不同浓度的亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)染毒后的293细胞的增殖及凋亡的影响,并讨论ARG1的抗砷性.方法:将ARG1表达质粒pcDNA3.1-ARG1及空载体对照质粒pcDNA3.1分别经阳离子脂质(Lipofectamine2000)介导转染293细胞后,荧光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞转染率;将实验组pcDNA3.1.ARG1-293细胞、空白对照组pcDNA3.1-293细胞及阴性对照组293细胞用不同浓度的NaAsO2浓度染毒48h后,使用MTT法检测ARG1基因对砷染毒后293细胞的增殖的影响;将实验组、空白对照纽及阴性对照组按不同浓度NaAsO2染毒,加入Annexin V FITC/PI凋亡试剂,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡情况.结果:(1)荧光共聚焦显微镜观察转染结果显示转染率可达75-85%;(2)NaAsO2在1-8 μ mol/L时其对实验组细胞增值的抑制率明显低于对照组,而在浓度>8μ mol/L时则没有明显差异;(3)实验组细胞在NaAsO2浓度<8 μ mol/L其凋亡率明显低于对照组.结论:ARG1能够降低NaAsO2对293细胞增值的抑制率,减轻其对293细胞的促凋亡作用,主要是在低浓度时发挥作用.     

柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡及其机理研究

柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡从而抑制其细胞生长.为了研究该过程的作用机理,我们研究了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs),包括胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2),c-jun氨基末端蛋白激酶(JNK)和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),在该过程中的磷酸化特征与动态变化.结果表明,柴胡提取物显著的增加了p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)的磷酸化作用,其增加值在测试范围内与测试剂量和作用时间成正相关,但在柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡过程中,没有发现对氨基末端蛋白激酶(JNK)表现出磷酸化活性.柴胡提取物诱导白血病HL-60的细胞凋亡部分归结于对p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的上调节作用,这种上调节作用能够受到p38 MAPK特异性的抑制剂SB203580的部分逆转,而MEK的抑制剂U0126则对柴胡提取物诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中的胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)的磷酸化具有显著的协同效应.这是首次报道柴胡提取物在诱导人白血病细胞HL-60细胞凋亡过程中参与p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的磷酸化,同时柴胡提取物作为胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)抑制剂的协同作用物具有相应的药物学功能.     

Fusarochromanone Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in COS7 and HEK293 Cells

Fusarochromanone (FC101), a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium equiseti, is frequently observed in the contaminated grains and feedstuffs, which is toxic to animals and humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. In this study, we found that FC101 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that FC101 induced G₁ cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the cells. Concurrently, FC101 downregulated protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and Cdc25A, and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitors (p21^Cip1 and p27^Kip1), resulting in hypophosphorylation of Rb. FC101 also inhibited protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and survivin, and induced expression of BAD, leading to activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP, indicating caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, only partially prevented FC101-induced cell death, implying that FC101 may induce cell death through both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results support the notion that FC101 executes its toxicity at least by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death.     

早老素通过下调CDK4使HEK293T细胞周期阻滞

早老素（progerin）的累积导致儿童早老症（Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome, HGPS）的发生,并与正常衰老相关。早老素能使细胞内稳态失衡但分子机制仍有待深入研究。本研究旨在探讨早老素导入人胚胎肾293T细胞（human embryo kidney 293T cell, HEK293T）后细胞增殖、周期变化的分子机制。形态学观察发现过表达早老素的HEK293T细胞密度下降,(57±2.47)%细胞核形态皱缩。细胞增殖和周期实验证明早老素使细胞增殖减慢,发生G1/S期阻滞,G1细胞从 (42.3±1.31)%升至(47.2±1.26)%,而S期细胞从 (43.1±1.36)%降至 (38.5±1.42)%。Western印迹结果显示早老素的高表达引起p21蛋白表达上调（103.2±1.49）%,CDK4下调（63±1.52）%,而p53、ATM、CyclinE1以及p16等蛋白质水平均不变;HEK293T细胞中早老素的过表达导致γ H2AX水平下调（53±1.36）%,H2O2处理后变化趋势不变。我们的研究结果提示,早老素通过上调p21和下调CDK4使细胞发生周期阻滞,不能增加HEK293T细胞的损伤及衰老。     

Sulforaphane Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological cancer in children. Although risk-adaptive therapy, CNS-directed chemotherapy, and supportive care have improved the survival of ALL patients, disease relapse is still the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Therefore, new drugs are needed as frontline treatments in high-risk disease and as salvage agents in relapsed ALL. In this study, we report that purified sulforaphane, a natural isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, has anti-leukemic properties in a broad range of ALL cell lines and primary lymphoblasts from pediatric T-ALL and pre-B ALL patients. The treatment of ALL leukemic cells with sulforaphane resulted in dose-dependent apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with the activation of caspases (3, 8, and 9), inactivation of PARP, p53-independent upregulation of p21^CIP1/WAF1, and inhibition of the Cdc2/Cyclin B1 complex. Interestingly, sulforaphane also inhibited the AKT and mTOR survival pathways in most of the tested cell lines by lowering the levels of both total and phosphorylated proteins. Finally, the administration of sulforaphane to the ALL xenograft models resulted in a reduction of tumor burden, particularly following oral administration, suggesting a potential role as an adjunctive agent to improve the therapeutic response in high-risk ALL patients with activated AKT signaling.     

过氧化氢以PTEN依赖方式介导细胞凋亡

 PTEN是一个重要的抑癌基因.为了调查PTEN在H２Ｏ2对细胞凋亡诱导过程中的作用及机制,采用Western 印迹方法,检测了在PTEN缺失细胞及对照细胞中H２Ｏ2对PI3K/AKT通路的影响;采用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC标记结合流式检测H２Ｏ2对PTEN缺失细胞及对照细胞凋亡的诱导.结果表明,在PTEN功能正常的对照细胞中,H２Ｏ2短时间活化,长时间抑制PI3K/AKT通路,但PTEN缺失后,H２Ｏ2对PI3K/AKT通路的介导被阻断;0.1mmol/L H２Ｏ2处理12　h及24　h可以诱导对照细胞的凋亡,但对PTEN缺失细胞没有明显影响.这一结果证明,PTEN通过参与H２Ｏ2对PI3K/AKT通路活性的调控影响H２Ｏ2介导的凋亡.     

三元基序家族蛋白15敲低诱导肝癌细胞周期阻滞

三元基序家族蛋白15 (tripartite motif-containing protein 15,TRIM15)是TRIM家族成员,该家族是一类具有E3泛素连接酶活性的蛋白质.TRIM15在肿瘤中的功能鲜有报导.本研究意在阐释TRIM15在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的作用...     

Vapor of Volatile Oils from Litsea cubeba Seed Induces Apoptosis and Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in Lung Cancer Cells

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a major killer in cancer related human death. Its therapeutic intervention requires superior efficient molecule(s) as it often becomes resistant to present chemotherapy options. Here we report that vapor of volatile oil compounds obtained from Litsea cubeba seeds killed human NSCLC cells, A549, through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Vapor generated from the combined oils (VCO) deactivated Akt, a key player in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Interestingly VCO dephosphorylated Akt at both Ser⁴⁷³ and Thr³⁰⁸; through the suppression of mTOR and pPDK1 respectively. As a consequence of this, diminished phosphorylation of Bad occurred along with the decreased Bcl-xL expression. This subsequently enhanced Bax levels permitting the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol which concomitantly activated caspase 9 and caspase 3 resulting apoptotic cell death. Impairment of Akt activation by VCO also deactivated Mdm2 that effected overexpression of p53 which in turn upregulated p21 expression. This causes enhanced p21 binding to cyclin D1 that halted G1 to S phase progression. Taken together, VCO produces two prong effects on lung cancer cells, it induces apoptosis and blocked cancer cell proliferation, both occurred due to the deactivation of Akt. In addition, it has another crucial advantage: VCO could be directly delivered to lung cancer tissue through inhalation.     

Resveratrol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Malignant NK Cells via JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition

Natural killer (NK) cell malignancies, particularly aggressive NK cell leukaemias and lymphomas, have poor prognoses. Although recent regimens with L-asparaginase substantially improved outcomes, novel therapeutic approaches are still needed to enhance clinical response. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-tumour activities of resveratrol against the NK cell lines KHYG-1, NKL, NK-92 and NK-YS. Resveratrol induced robust G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner for all four cell lines. In addition, resveratrol suppressed constitutively active STAT3 in all the cell lines and inhibited JAK2 phosphorylation but had no effect on other upstream mediators of STAT3 activation, such as PTEN, TYK2, and JAK1. Resveratrol also induced downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and survivin, two downstream effectors of the STAT3 pathway. Finally, resveratrol induced synergistic effect on the apoptotic and antiproliferative activities of L-asparaginase against KHYG-1, NKL and NK-92 cells. These results suggest that resveratrol may have therapeutic potential against NK cell malignancies. Furthermore, our finding that resveratrol is a bonafide JAK2 inhibitor extends its potential benefits to other diseases with dysregulated JAK2 signaling.