谷胱甘肽在乳酸乳球菌抵抗氧胁迫中的保护作用

为研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000抗氧胁迫中的生理作用,以能够生物合成GSH的重组菌NZ9000(pNZ3203)为实验菌株进行了研究。结果表明,在较高H2O2胁迫剂量(150mmol/L H2O2,15min)下,前培养3h、5h和7h(即乳酸链球菌素诱导1h、3h和5h)时的重组菌细胞的存活率分别是处于相应生长时期对照菌NZ9000(pNZ8148)的1.8±0.1倍、2.6±0.1倍和2.9±0.3倍。表明GSH可以提高宿主菌NZ9000对H2O2所引发氧胁迫的抗性。GSH还可以提高宿主菌NZ9000对其它化学物质(如超氧阴离子自由基生成剂———甲萘醌)所引发氧胁迫的抗性。这表现在经20mmol/L甲萘醌处理60min后,前培养5h(即乳酸链球菌素诱导3h)时重组菌细胞的存活率是对照菌的6.2±0.1倍。由此表明,通过代谢工程手段在菌株NZ9000中引入GSH合成能力,可以提高宿主菌对氧胁迫的抗性。     

乳酸乳球菌中冷休克蛋白基因的高效表达及其抗冻保护作用

[目的]微生物在适应外界环境急剧降温的条件下都会发生应激反应,产生一系列蛋白质被称为冷休克蛋白.冷休克蛋白对乳酸菌适应低温环境和增强抗冻能力方面发挥着重要作用.本文目的是为了研究乳酸乳球菌中冷休克蛋白CspC、CspD的作用.[方法]将冷休克蛋白CspC、CspD基因分别重组到质粒pNZ8148,转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000后,加入Nisin诱导,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,比较重组菌与空白菌在30℃条件下菌体生长差异及反复冻融活菌数的差异.[结果]得出CspC、CspD的相对分子量分别为7.0、6.2 kDa.[结论]CspC使菌体更加迅速的恢复了生长;冷休克蛋白CspD增强了菌体的抗冻存活率(增加了30～40倍).     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及免疫原性分析

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突(S)蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR扩增,获得含有TGEVS基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp的目的片段,将其与分泌表达的载体质粒pNZ8112进行连接,通过电击转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽(Nisin)的诱导下进行表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,表明TGEVS蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中获得表达,所表达的TGEVS蛋白具有与TGE病毒一样的抗原特异性。间接免疫荧光试验表明重组菌表达蛋白定位于菌体表面。将表达TGEVS蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌及空质粒菌株分别口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品进行抗体检测,结果表明分泌型的重组菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗TGEVsIgA抗体。     

乙醛脱氢酶在乳酸乳球菌中的表达与纯化

目的:在乳酸乳球菌中重组表达乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)。方法:合成毕赤酵母ALDH基因,PCR扩增后通过重组构建pNZ8048-ALDH表达载体,电转至乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态,Nisin诱导表达后经Ni柱亲和层析纯化ALDH蛋白,比色法测定酶活。结果:构建了pNZ8048-ALDH表达载体,在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中实现了ALDH的重组表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的17.2%,其中可溶性表达比例为53%,重组菌株ALDH活力为0.638 U/mL,亲和层析纯化蛋白纯度约70%,比活为0.48 U/mg。结论:在乳酸乳球菌中表达并纯化获得了有活性的ALDH。     

使用偏爱密码子大幅度提高苯丙氨酸脱氨酶在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为获得苯丙氨酸脱氨酶(PAL)在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的高效表达,将欧芹palcDNA(palnat)及根据乳酸乳球菌偏爱密码子设计人工合成的pal基因(palart)重组并转化到两种乳酸乳球菌NICE诱导表达系统中,测定基因工程菌表达PAL酶的量及活性,对比分析密码子偏爱性对乳酸乳球菌表达外源蛋白的影响。结果表明在两种乳酸乳球菌NICE表达系统中,使用偏爱密码子均可显著提高PAL酶的表达效率,使NZ9000/pNZ8048表达系统表达量提高22.23倍,NZ3900/pNZ8149系统提高35.90倍。此研究获得了安全高效表达PAL,可用于治疗苯丙酮尿症的基因工程菌。     

抗艰难梭菌毒素纳米抗体在乳酸乳球菌中重组表达及其功能分析

本研究旨在构建表达抗艰难梭菌毒素的纳米抗体重组乳酸乳球菌。所述的抗体为免疫羊驼后从外周血中分离的天然缺失轻链的纳米抗体(分别命名为E3、AA6)。构建重组质粒pNZ8148-E3-AA6,转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000后诱导表达,SDSPAGE及Western blot检测到32 kD的目的蛋白。利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白E3-AA6,BCA试剂盒测定其浓度。通过细胞变圆实验以及CCK8实验鉴定其功能,E3-AA6能够抑制艰难梭菌毒素TcdB的毒性。本实验成功构建了重组表达载体pNZ8148-E3-AA6,通过NICE系统实现了二价抗体的表达,为治疗艰难梭菌引发的感染提供了新的治疗途径。     

构建重组乳酸乳球菌生产谷胱甘肽

以大肠杆菌染色体DNA为模板,分别扩增得到编码γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶和谷胱甘肽合成酶的基因gsbA和gshB。将gsbA和gshB基因克隆到质粒pNZSl48中,电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得重组菌NZ9000(pNZ3203)。在添加10mmol／L谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸的M17培养基中培养该重组茵,当OD600达到0、4时用乳酸链球菌素诱导4h,胞内谷胱甘肽含量达到358mmol／mg蛋白(胞内浓度相当于140mmol／L),这是在革兰氏阳性茵中生产谷胱甘肽的首例报道。     

食品级乳酸乳球菌pNZ8149-luc质粒的构建及表达

目的:构建能够稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因(luc)的乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis, L.lactis)食品级表达系统,以便后续研究对目的基因进行示踪。方法:从pGL4.10质粒中PCR扩增萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因,测序,克隆至载体pNZ8149,构建pNZ8149-luc表达质粒;电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,采用乳糖筛选法获得重组的乳酸乳球菌,Nisin诱导,采用微孔板发光检测仪检测荧光素酶的存在,Western Blot检测目标蛋白luc的表达。结果:PCR扩增的荧光素酶报告基因成功克隆至pNZ8149质粒,并电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,得到乳酸乳球菌表达系统NZ3900/pNZ8149-luc。Nisin诱导后,检测到荧光素酶随诱导时间的延长活性逐渐增强,时间超过24 h之后荧光素酶活性逐渐下降。Western Blot检测到目标蛋白luc在胞内表达。结论:成功构建了p NZ8149-luc表达载体,并能够在乳酸乳球菌体内稳定表达。     

牛凝乳酶原基因在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

【目的】利用乳酸乳球菌nisin诱导基因表达系统(the NIsin Controlled gene Expression system,NICE)表达牛凝乳酶原。【方法】从克隆载体pS19-PPC中获得牛凝乳酶原基因,将该基因与表达载体pNZ8148连接并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,转化子经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定后,用nisin进行诱导表达,表达产物利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,表达产物纯化后检测凝乳活性。【结果】重组牛凝乳酶原与天然牛凝乳酶原比较,其分子量大小、免疫性质、生物活性和抑制剂敏感性没有发现显著差异,其凝乳活性可达2×103IMCU/mL。【结论】在乳酸乳球菌中表达了具有凝乳活性的牛凝乳酶原,同时乳酸乳球菌作为发酵剂和凝乳酶产生菌双重角色的实现,为奶酪加工提供了新思路和新方法。     

乳酸乳球菌生产2'-岩藻糖基乳糖的途径构建及发酵培养基优化

2’-岩藻糖基乳糖（2’-fucosyllactose, 2’-FL）是一种含量最丰富的人乳寡糖，微生物全细胞合成是生产2’-FL的重要方法。乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）作为一种可直接用于乳制品的食品级微生物，目前还没有用于生产人乳寡糖的报道。首先，在两种常用L. lactis底盘NZ3900和NZ9000中利用含有基因fkp、futC、lacF的重组质粒pNZ8148-2f构建2’-FL补救合成途径，在添加10 g/L岩藻糖和5 g/L乳糖的发酵培养基中，测得2’-FL的摇瓶产量分别为0.16 g/L与0.4 g/L，结合对二者生长状况等综合分析，选取NZ9000作为优势底盘。然后，在NZ9000中构建2’-FL从头合成途径，利用同源重组技术并借助L. lactis中特有的敲除整合载体p NZ5319，在敲除非必需基因upp的同时将基因manA、manB、gmd和wcaG整合到染色体上，借助载体pNZ8148-1将基因manC、futC和lacF以质粒的形式引入到细胞中，同时利用不同启动子P32、Pnis对酶的表达水平进行组合调控。获得最优菌株NZ9000 6，...     

Introducing glutathione biosynthetic capability into Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 improves the oxidative-stress resistance of the host

This study describes how a metabolic engineering approach can be used to improve bacterial stress resistance. Some Lactococcus lactis strains are capable of taking up glutathione, and the imported glutathione protects this organism against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000, a model organism of this species that is widely used in the study of metabolic engineering, can neither synthesize nor take up glutathione. The study described here aimed to improve the oxidative-stress resistance of strain NZ9000 by introducing a glutathione biosynthetic capability. We show that the glutathione produced by strain NZ9000 conferred stronger resistance on the host following exposure to H(2)O(2) (150 mM) and a superoxide generator, menadione (30 microM). To explore whether glutathione can complement the existing oxidative-stress defense systems, we constructed a superoxide dismutase deficient mutant of strain NZ9000, designated as NZ4504, which is more sensitive to oxidative stress, and introduced the glutathione biosynthetic capability into this strain. Glutathione produced by strain NZ4504(pNZ3203) significantly shortens the lag phase of the host when grown aerobically, especially in the presence of menadione. In addition, cells of NZ4504(pNZ3203) capable of producing glutathione restored the resistance of the host to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, back to the wild-type level. We conclude that the resistance of L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 to oxidative stress can be increased in engineered cells with glutathione producing capability.     

Heterologous leaky production of transglutaminase in Lactococcus lactis significantly enhances the growth performance of the host

This study describes a novel strategy to improve the growth performance of Lactococcus lactis by heterologous production of food-grade transglutaminase. The mtg gene from Streptoverticillium mobaraense that encodes the transglutaminase mature protein was cloned into a nisin-inducible expression vector and transformed into L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000. The leaky expression of the mtg gene from the nisA promoter resulted in ammonia formation and carbon flux redistribution at the pyruvate branch. As a consequence, medium acidification was lessened and energy utilization was improved. This led to significantly higher biomass production under aerobic conditions and particularly under non-pH-controlled conditions (up to a 12-fold increase). The results presented here provide a novel way to enhance the growth yield of L. lactis, which is an important step for the purposes of producing proteins of commercial interest using L. lactis as a host.     

Expression of a Biologically Active GFP-αS1-Casein Fusion Protein in Lactococcus lactis

In this study, we successfully developed a recombinant strain of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 (NZ9000) that produced green fluorescent protein fused to α_S1-casein (GFP-α_S1Cas). A modified lactic acid bacterial vector (pNZ8148#2) was constructed by inserting genes for GFP and α_S1-casein, a major cow’s milk allergen, and the resulting vector, pNZ8148#2-GFP-α_S1Cas, was applied to the expression of recombinant GFP-α_S1Cas protein (rGFP-α_S1Cas) in NZ9000. After inducing expression with nisin, the production of rGFP-α_S1Cas was confirmed by confocal laser microscopic analysis, and the expression conditions were optimized based on fluorescent analysis and western blotting results. Moreover, the in vitro treatment of splenocytes isolated from α-casein (≥70 % α_S-casein)-immunized mice with rGFP-α_S1Cas resulted in increased IL-13 mRNA expression. The observed allergic activity is indicative of the Th2-cell mediated immune response and is similar to the effects induced by exposure to α-casein. Our results suggest that the expression of rGFP-α_S1Cas in NZ9000 may facilitate in vivo applications of this system aimed at improving the specificity of immunological responses to specific milk allergen.     

Cloning and expression of an oligopeptidase, PepO, with novel specificity from Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20).

Oligopeptidases of starter and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria contribute to the proteolytic events important in maturation and flavor development processes in cheese. This paper describes the molecular cloning, expression, and specificity of the oligopeptidase PepO from the probiotic nonstarter strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20). The pepO gene encodes a protein of 70.9 kDa, whose primary sequence includes the HEXXH motif present in certain classes of metallo-oligopeptidases. The pepO gene was cloned in L. rhamnosus HN001 and overexpressed in pTRKH2 from its own promoter, which was mapped by primer extension. It was further cloned in both pNZ8020 and pNZ8037 and overexpressed in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 from the nisA promoter. The purified PepO enzyme demonstrated unique cleavage specificity for alpha(s1)-casein fragment 1-23, hydrolyzing the bonds Pro-5-Ile-6, Lys-7-His-8, His-8-Gln-9, and Gln-9-Gly-10. The impact of this enzyme in cheese can now be assessed.     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌在模拟动物胃肠道内的稳定性检测

为确定本实验室研究构建的表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000在模拟动物肠道内稳定性,对重组菌株的培养条件、蛋白表达和质粒携带以及在模拟胃肠道环境中的稳定性进行了检测。实验结果表明能够保持其蛋白表达的稳定性及重组质粒的稳定性;模拟胃肠道环境实验结果表明重组菌能够耐受胰蛋白酶溶液、0.1%的胆汁及在含有胃蛋白酶pH 1.5的盐酸存活1 h和在pH 2.5的盐酸耐受性良好。     

精氨酸代谢途径抗酸关键基因对乳酸乳球菌Lactococcus lactis NZ9000胁迫抗性的影响

【目的】寻找精氨酸代谢途径中与酸胁迫相关的关键作用因素。【方法】通过在Lactococcus lactis NZ9000中分别过量表达来源于Lactobacillus casei Zhang的精氨酰琥珀酸合成酶(ASS)和精氨酰琥珀酸裂解酶(ASL)改变精氨酸代谢提高酸胁迫抗性。【结果】与对照菌株对比,重组菌株在环境胁迫下表现了较高的生长性能、存活率和发酵性能。生理学分析发现,酸胁迫环境下,重组菌株细胞有较高的胞内NH4+、ATP含量和H+-ATPase活性,并显著提高了精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)途径中的氨基酸浓度。进一步的转录分析发现,天冬氨酸合成、精氨酸代谢相关的基因转录水平上调。【结论】在L.lactis NZ9000中过量表达ASS或ASL可以引发精氨酸代谢流量的上调,进而提高了细胞的多种胁迫抗性。精氨酸合成途径广泛存在于多种微生物中,为微生物,尤其是工业微生物提高胁迫抗性提供了新思路。     

Large increase in brazzein expression achieved by changing the plasmid /strain combination of the NICE system in Lactococcus lactis

Aims:  To evaluate brazzein production in Lactococcus lactis using the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. The approach is through analysis of different plasmid/strain combinations.
Methods and Results:  Two plasmid/strain combinations of the NICE system were used in brazzein expression: L. lactis NZ9000 harbouring plasmid pNZ8148, and L. lactis IL1403 harbouring plasmid pMSP3545. The former combination proved superior, with a >800-fold increase in His-tagged brazzein expression (to 1·65 mg l⁻¹ of fermentation broth), comparable to expression levels in Escherichia coli . Improved expression resulted in a minor increase in secretion to the medium with the use of the Usp45 signal peptide. The yield of wild-type brazzein corresponded to that of His-tagged brazzein. Wild-type brazzein was partially soluble and low-intensity sweetness was detected.
Conclusions:  The plasmid/strain combination of the NICE system has a significant impact on the expression of brazzein where a >800-fold increase was achieved. The greatly increased expression of brazzein resulted in minor improvement in secretion and low-intensity sweetness.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The choice of the plasmid/strain combination of the NICE system was shown to be of extreme importance in brazzein expression.