院内150例真菌感染及其耐药性分析

目的研究院内真菌感染的特点及耐药状况。方法对临床标本分离的真菌,用TAB Expression鉴定仪鉴定,E—test抗真菌药敏试纸条进行药敏试验。结果150株真菌共有14个种,以白色念珠菌为主．占45．3％。各种真菌对6种抗真菌药物均有不同程度的耐药。结论院内真菌感染呈上升趋势,并且产生一定的耐药株。     

Cellular signaling identifiability analysis: A case study

Two primary purposes for mathematical modeling in cell biology are (1) simulation for making predictions of experimental outcomes and (2) parameter estimation for drawing inferences from experimental data about unobserved aspects of biological systems. While the former purpose has become common in the biological sciences, the latter is less common, particularly when studying cellular and subcellular phenomena such as signaling—the focus of the current study. Data are difficult to obtain at this level. Therefore, even models of only modest complexity can contain parameters for which the available data are insufficient for estimation. In the present study, we use a set of published cellular signaling models to address issues related to global parameter identifiability. That is, we address the following question: assuming known time courses for some model variables, which parameters is it theoretically impossible to estimate, even with continuous, noise-free data? Following an introduction to this problem and its relevance, we perform a full identifiability analysis on a set of cellular signaling models using DAISY (Differential Algebra for the Identifiability of SYstems). We use our analysis to bring to light important issues related to parameter identifiability in ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. We contend that this is, as of yet, an under-appreciated issue in biological modeling and, more particularly, cell biology.     

Risk-benefit analysis and case study on tributyl tin

The Risk-Benefit Analysis (RBA) methodology was developed for the Department of the Environment to assist in the evaluation of regulatory choices concerning hazardous chemicals. RBA considers the risks (human and environmental) and benefits (direct and indirect) associated with the use of a hazardous substance and aims to express these in monetary terms. Through detailed consideration of the existing regulatory regime and the effects of possible regulatory changes, RBA highlights (and quantifies) the trade-offs which would be involved.The tributyl tin (TBT) case study considered the use of TBT in anti-fouling paints. Through the application of the RBA methodology it looked at the impact (in the UK and the EC) of a ban on the use of TBT and of stricter controls at docks involved in the repainting of ships. Valuation of the economic benefits associated with the use of TBT enabled the risks associated with its use to be implicity valued.     

Turtle carotid circulation: a character analysis case study

The bony canals permeating the turtle skull associated with the cranial circulation have long been considered integral to an understanding of extinct and extant turtle systematics. Recent phylogenetic analyses, employing a variety of data sets, suggest alternatives to the traditional arrangement of crown turtles. Of particular note is the recent failure of investigations employing molecular techniques to retrieve a monophyletic Trionychoidea, a clade supported largely by shared circulatory features. These alternative phylogenies may also have implications for extinct forms. The turtle cranial arterial circulation therefore represents an ideal system upon which to conduct a detailed, multipronged analysis of a systematically influential character. In the present study, the theoretical underpinnings of character analysis are critically evaluated, and a new interpretation of circulatory variation in turtles is offered, including a revised phylogenetic character suite. This assessment indicates an autapomorphic circulatory pattern in Trionychia, whereas Trionychoidea is not supported.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 93 , 239–256.     

基于物质流分析和数据包络分析的区域生态效率评价——以江苏省为例

区域生态效率(eco-efficiency)评价是考量区域可持发展的重要内容.基于物质流分析(material flow analysis, MFA)构建区域生态效率评价指标体系,并将污染物排放作为一种非期望输入引入到数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis, DEA)模型中,以江苏省(1990～2005年)为例进行生态效率分析评价.结果表明,江苏省的区域生态效率在1990～2005年期间呈现逐步上升的趋势.但是,同期的总物质投入(total material input, TMI)、物质需求总量(total material requirement, TMR)和污染物排放量也呈上升趋势.因此,江苏省社会经济发展和环境影响总体上呈现"弱脱钩(weak de-link)".     

Cytogenetic analysis of a rare case of pediatric myxolipoma

A cytogenetic analysis was performed in a rare case of big toe myxolipoma derived from a 3-year-old girl. We found in all metaphases analyzed a trisomy 19 and a tetrasomy 1q. The breakpoints of chromosomes 1 were localized in the region p12-p13. None of the chromosome abnormalities usually described in lipomas, were observed.     

Cytochemical analysis on a case of familial 17ps

Summary Chromosome 17ps was identified in the mother and daughter but not the father of a normal family with no history of congenital abnormality. In addition to G-band and Ag-NOR staining, previously used to study this abnormality, we applied N-band and C-band techniques. Our results showed that 17ps has no demonstrable ribosomal cistron or constitutive heterochromatin.     

Freedom and women: A case for existential analysis

Dialectical Anthropology - The first thing to note about the interviews is that none of the women had a clear sense of the meaning of freedom. If freedom was not equated with narcissism, then it...     

Using genotype probabilities in survival analysis: a scrapie case

The objective was to evaluate the potential use of genotype probabilities to handle records of non-genotyped animals in the context of survival analysis. To do so, the risks associated with the PrP genotype and other transmission factors in relation to clinical scrapie were estimated. Data from 4049 Romanov sheep affected by natural scrapie were analyzed using survival analysis techniques. The original data set included 1310 animals with missing genotypes; five of those had uncensored records. Different missing genotype-information patterns were simulated for uncensored and censored records. Three strategies differing in the way genotype information was handled were tested. Firstly, records with unknown genotypes were discarded (P1); secondly, those records were grouped in an unknown class (P2). Finally the probabilities of genotypes were assigned (P3). Whatever the strategy, the ranking of relative risks for the most susceptible genotypes (VRQ-VRQ, ARQ-VRQ and ARQ-ARQ) was similar even when the non-genotyped animals were not a negligible part of uncensored records. However, P3 had a more efficient way of handling missing genotype information. As compared to P1, either P2 or P3 avoided discarding the records of non-genotyped animals; however, P3 eliminated the unknown class and the risk associated with this group. Genotype probabilities were shown to be a useful technique to handle records of individuals with unknown genotype.     

556例多发伤患者的急诊救治临床分析

目的探讨多发伤患者的救治策略。方法回顾分析我科2000年1月至2008年5月急诊抢救的556例多发伤患者的临床资料。结果 16例患者经抢救无效死亡,死亡率2.88%;其余患者均经紧急抢救及行必要实验室检查,病情稳定,好转率达97.12%。平均抢救时间为(1.37±1.05)h。结论强化多发伤的急诊科早期救治,树立创伤急救"黄金1 h"观念,是提高多发伤患者生存率及降低死亡率的关键。     

Craniopharyngioma: a case report and comparative galectin histochemical analysis

Craniopharyngioma is a rare benign tumour originating from Rathke's pouch. This paper reports a tumour case studied with a set of markers defining protein–carbohydrate recognition. Expression of endogenous lectins and their reactive glycoligands is under differentiation-dependent control in many cell types. These parameters can be related to the degree of cell differentiation in tumours. Therefore, the expression patterns of endogenous lectins, namely galectins-1, -3, and -7, in the craniopharyngioma case were determined. Galectins-1 and -3 were also used to reveal glycoconjugates in cells and extracellular matrices, an approach that has heretofore relied largely on plant lectins. The staining pattern of craniopharyngioma is compared with that of two other types of ectodermally derived tumours, namely basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Clusters of polygonal and flattened cells with morphological characteristics of differentiated cells in the craniopharyngioma and the majority of poorly differentiated cells in squamous cell carcinomas were reactive with galectin-3. No binding of this probe was observed in cells of basal cell carcinomas and the majority of craniopharyngioma cells. In view of the lack of accessible binding in the basal layer of normal squamous epithelia where proliferative cells (including stem cells) are located, galectin-3 binding could be used to distinguish basal from suprabasal cells of squamous epithelial cells.     

Proliferation model dependence in fluctuation analysis: the neutral case

We discuss the evaluation of Luria-Delbrück fluctuation experiments under Bellman-Harris models of cell proliferation. It is shown that under certain very natural assumptions concerning the life-time distributions and the offspring distributions of mutant and non-mutant cells, the suitably normed and centered number of mutants contained in a large culture of bacteria (or the like) converges to a certain stable random variable with index 1. The result obtains under the assumption that the mutation under consideration is “neutral” in the sense that on average and in the long run, mutant cells produce the same number of offspring as non-mutant cells.     

1例流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例的菌群鉴定及分析

目的对2015年河南省1例流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)病例的菌群进行分子分型鉴定及分析,为河南省流脑预防和控制工作提供科学依据。方法对患者脑脊液和血液标本以及37例密切接触者咽拭子标本进行细菌培养,提取DNA进行PCR及多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)分析。用ELISA检测密切接触者血清标本的脑膜炎奈瑟菌A群和C群抗体水平。结果患者和1例密切接触者分离的菌株经细菌培养及PCR鉴定,分别为C群和B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌。MLST分型显示,患者和密切接触者标本分别为ST4821型和ST5664型,两者均为ST4821克隆群。37例密切接触者脑膜炎奈瑟菌A群和C群抗体阳性率分别为91.89%和21.62%,平均抗体质量浓度分别为6.50μg/m L和1.73μg/m L。结论引起流脑疫情的致病菌为C群ST4821型脑膜炎奈瑟菌,当地C群平均抗体含量偏低,需加强流脑A+C疫苗的接种,有效预防流脑的暴发。     

Bayesian analysis of case control polygenic etiology studies with missing data

Many genetic studies are based on analysing multiple DNA regions of cases and controls. Usually each is tested separately for association with disease. However, some diseases may require interacting polymorphisms at several regions, and most disease susceptibility is polygenic. In this paper, we develop new methods for determining combinations of polymorphisms that affect the risk of disease. For example, two different genes might produce normal proteins, but these proteins improperly function when they occur together. We consider a Bayesian approach to analyse studies where DNA data from cases and controls have been analysed for polymorphisms at multiple regions and a polygenic etiology is suspected. The method of Gibbs sampling is used to incorporate data from individuals who have not had every region analysed at the DNA sequence or amino acid level. The Gibbs sampling algorithm alternatively generates a sample from the posterior distribution of the sequence of combinations of polymorphisms in cases and controls and then uses this sample to impute the data that are missing. After convergence the algorithm is used to generate a sample from the posterior distribution for the probability of each combination in order to identify groups of polymorphisms that best discriminate cases from controls. We apply the methods to a genetic study of type I diabetes. The protein encoded by the TAP2 gene is important in T cell function, and thus may affect the development of autoimmune diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We determine pairs of polymorphisms of genetic fragments in the coding regions of linked HLA genes that may impact the risk of IDDM.     

Cotton bollworm resistance to Bt transgenic cotton: A case analysis

Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. Transgenic cotton expressing Cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been produced to target this pest. Bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance by this pest threatens the continued success of Bt cotton. To date, no field populations of bollworm have evolved significant levels of resistance; however, several laboratory-selected Cry-resistant strains of H. armigera have been obtained, which suggests that bollworm has the capacity to evolve resistance to Bt. The development of resistance to Bt is of great concern, and there is a vast body of research in this area aimed at ensuring the continued success of Bt cotton. Here, we review studies on the evolution of Bt resistance in H. armigera, focusing on the biochemical and molecular basis of Bt resistance. We also discuss resistance management strategies, and monitoring programs implemented in China, Australia, and India.     

马拉色菌引起乳房垢着病1例并文献分析

皮肤垢着病(cutaneous dirt-adherent disease,CDAD)是一种临床少见皮肤病,其中单独发生在乳房部位的,临床称之为"乳房垢着病",更是罕见。目前,国内外文献报道约15例,但均为个案报道,对该病的临床特点及诊疗方案缺乏系统性分析。