杨树根系浸提液对3种牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度(3、10和30mg/mL)的南林95杨〔PopulusdeltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.euramericana(Dode)Guineircv.I 45/51〕和NL 80351杨(P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Harvard)根系浸提液,处理杨树 牧草复合经营系统中3种主要牧草种子,探讨杨树根系浸提液对牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:南林95杨和NL 80351杨根系浸提液对3种牧草种子的萌发及幼苗的生长有一定影响。这2个无性系根系浸提液对紫花苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)、白三叶(TrifoliumrepensL.)和杂交狼尾草(PennisetumalopecuroidesL.×P.americanumL.)的种子发芽率、幼苗高生长、根长生长及种子活力主要表现为抑制作用,在浓度较高时影响尤为明显;但2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的高生长(南林95杨30mg/mL除外)表现出一定的促进作用;在3mg/mL浓度时,2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的种子活力也有一定的促进作用。     

美洲黑杨抗黑斑病基因的RAPD标记筛选和连锁分析

以美洲黑杨（Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.“Lux”(I-69/55)）为母本,欧美杨（P.euramericana cv.I-45）为父本得到的F1为材料,其中I-69对黑斑病表现为高度抗病,I-45为高度感病。利用分离群体混合分析（bulked segregrants analysis,BSA）技术建立两个DNA池（感病池和抗病池）,筛选出了与抗黑斑病性状基因相连锁的RAPD标记:OPAI17―1550、OPAI13―900。利用选择性基因型分析法进行标记―抗黑斑病基因连锁分析,两标记与抗黑斑病基因遗传距离分别为29.9cM和37.4cM。 Identification of Markers Linked to Resistance Locus of Marssonina Leaf Spot in Poplars by Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA) ZHANG Bo1,HUANG Min-ren1,ZHUGE Qiang1,HAN Zheng-min1,YIN Tong-ming1,PAN Hui-xin1,ZHU Li-huang2,WU Rong-ling3,WANG ming-xiu１ 1.The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,210037,China; 2.The Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China; 3.Department of Statistics,University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida 32611,USA Abstract:DNA markers linked to resistance locus of Marssonina leaf spot in poplars were found by bulked segregant analysis(BSA).The bulks consisted of individual with a extreme phenotype taken from a population of 91 F1 clones,which is a progeny of Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.“Lux”(I-69/55)(Resistance) and P.euramericana cv.I-45(Susceptible).Out of 114 RAPD primers,four markers showed polymorphisms between the resistance-bulk and the susceptible-bulk.By using selective genotype linkage analysis,OPAI17-1550 and OPAI13-900 were found linked to the resistance locus.The genetic distances between the two markers and the resistance locus were 29.9cM and 37.4cM,respectively. Key words：BSA; RAPD; selective genotype analysis; Marssonina leaf spot     

盐胁迫下杨树根际系统盐分离子分布特性

在温室条件下,采用盆栽根箱培养的方法研究盐胁迫下I 69杨(PopulusdeltoidesBartr.cv.'Lux')和NL 1381杨〔PopulusdeltoidesBartr.cv.'Lux'×P.euramericana(Dode)GeninierCL'I 45 51'〕根际、非根际土壤盐分分布特征。盐处理浓度共设3个水平:CK(NaCl0g kg)、处理A(NaCl1g kg)和处理B(NaCl2g kg),采用完全随机设计。结果表明,2个杨树无性系根际水溶性K+亏缺,水溶性Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+富集。K+的亏缺率及Na+的富集率随NaCl处理浓度的增大而减小,Ca2+和Mg2+的富集率在非盐渍条件下最低,处理A达最高,处理B较处理A略有下降。在盐胁迫下,无性系NL 1381杨根际土壤Na+的浓度和电导率均低于无性系I 69杨,可以有效减轻盐分对根系的渗透胁迫,相对而言具有较强的抗盐性。     

杨树苗期合理密度与合理密度线研究

 本文以加杨(Populus Canadensis),I—214(Populus euramericana(Dode)Guinier CV—214),中保14等杨树密度试验(1988—1991)为依据,分析了初植密度、竞争对生长的抑制作用,阐述了合理密度、合理密度范围、缓冲作用、上限合理密度线的形成过程。指出在双对数图上,上限合理密度线遵从Logistic分布(1nw=K/1+e(0.732·lnN-2.429),呈左侧伸展的S型曲线。该曲线可划分为近似于lnw一lnN直线的上中下三部分,其中间部分直线式的斜率为-1.5左右,称作合理密度直线式。对密度与生长的动态作了分析、概述与讨论。     

南方型黑杨生长和生理特性对持续干旱和复水响应的性别差异

干旱是限制南方型黑杨分布和生长的关键环境因子,而不同性别的黑杨无性系对干旱胁迫可能具有不同的耐受性和相应的生理响应。本研究以南方型黑杨雌性无性系南林895杨(Populus×euramericana ‘Nanlin-895’)和雄性无性系南林3804杨(P.deltoides‘Nanlin-3804’) 1年生扦插苗为试验材料,通过盆栽方式进行持续干旱和干旱-复水处理,从生长和生理响应方面比较雌、雄无性系对干旱胁迫的耐受和恢复能力,并对其抗旱能力产生差异的生理机理进行探讨。结果表明:持续性的干旱明显抑制南方型黑杨雌、雄无性系1年生扦插苗的生长,叶片细胞和组织膜脂过氧化,导致膜系统受到破坏,同时叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶(SOD和POD)活性以及游离脯氨酸含量均升高,直至植株死亡;重度干旱后植株叶片快速失水,叶绿素出现"浓缩"现象;与雌性无性系相比,雄性无性系在持续干旱下地上部分生物量较小,但更大程度地增加根系的生物量,从而增强植株吸水能力,并降低蒸腾耗水;同时能更早以及更大幅度地提高叶片的抗氧化酶活性,且更长时间维持较高的酶活性,从而降低和缓解干旱胁迫所产生的膜脂过氧化,维持细...     

不同生态条件对人工林杨树木材物理力学性质的影响

在施肥与未施肥、淹水与未淹水两种生态条件下,以杨树人工林木材I-69杨为对象,对木材年轮宽度、基本密度、干缩性质、主要力学性质进行了测试,并对数据进行了统计、对比和分析.结果表明,施肥处理后,木材年轮宽度、静态抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度分别增大0.99%、2.73%和1.06%;全干时和气干时的径向、弦向、体积全干干缩率分别降低了4.2%、7.7%、6.6%、15.6%、6.3%和11.1%;木材密度、抗弯强度、动态抗弯弹性模量则分别降低了2%、1.79%、8.13%.与未淹水相比,季节性淹水对I-69杨木材密度、木材干缩率和力学性质的影响较大,二者差异显著(P＜0.05).其中木材密度、全干时和气干时的径向、弦向、体积干缩率、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量以及顺纹抗压强度分别降低了5.5%、11.1%、9.2%、9.6%、16.7%、10.9%、8.5%、24.29%、18.18%和16.81%.     

根际酸化作用对杨树无性系磷营养效率的影响

应用土培盆栽技术,研究了杨树P营养效率的无性系差异与根际酸化作用的关系。P处理设4个水平,分别为0、40、80和120mg·kg^-1(P2O5),每个处理重复3次。各用土40kg,随机排列．结果表明,在缺P胁迫下,P营养高效型无性系S17、S19和105的根际pH值明显降低,最大为1．32个单位。降幅均在10％以上;而P营养低效型无性系106、797、I-69、1388和3244的根际pH值的降低则很小。最大的仅为0．21个单位,降幅均在2．5％以下。高效型无性系的根际pH值。随缺P胁迫的增加而逐渐降低。一旦缺P胁迫缓和,根际pH值随之增高,低效型无性系则不具有这种反应机理。S17、S19和105在缺P胁迫环境下,根际有效磷分别为2．64、3．27和3．28mg·kg^-1,根际有效磷的积累率均在60％以上;而无性系106、797、I-69、1388和3244的根际有效磷均不足2．00mg·kg^-1,根际有效磷的积累率不足10％。高效型无性系在缺P胁迫环境下对P的吸收量显著高于低效型无性系,统计分析也证明,缺P胁迫条件下。无性系根际有效磷的积累与根际pH值降低呈显著相关。说明根际酸化作用是根际有效磷增加的原因。     

杨树人工林复合经营模式对土壤N2O与CO2排放的影响

为探讨杨树人工林复合经营模式对土壤温室气体排放的影响,基于11年生“南林-895杨”(Populus×euramericana ‘Nanlin-895’)人工林,设置纯林、林下种植麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicas)和林下养鸡3种复合经营模式,采用静态箱-气相色谱法每月测定土壤N₂O和CO₂排放通量,同时测定土壤温湿度,分析复合经营模式对土壤N₂O和CO₂排放和产量的影响及与相关影响因子的关系。结果表明:不同复合经营模式林下土壤温、湿度存在显著差异;不同杨树复合经营模式间,土壤N₂O和CO₂排放速率动态变化与年累积排放量存在显著差异,杨树林下种植麦冬的土壤N₂O年累积排放量最高,为233.47 mg·m^-2·a^-1,而林下养鸡的土壤CO₂年累积排放量最高,达2328.87 g·m^-2·a^-1。总体来看,不同复合经营...     

林下植物多样性及养分积累量对杨树林分结构的响应

为研究林分结构对林下植物特征的影响,对江苏省泗洪陈圩林场南林95杨(Populus×euramericana cv."Nanlin-95")4种不同结构的林分林下植物进行了调查。结果表明:低密度杨树林分林下植物的Shannon指数高于高密度林分,而高密度林分林下植物Pielou均匀度指数较高,分布较均匀;低密度杨树林分林下植物生物量高于高密度林分,低密度林分的林下植物具有较高的N、P、K、Mg养分浓度和累积量,但Ca的浓度和累积量在不同林分结构下差异不大;林下植物5月的N、P、Ca浓度和累积量大于11月,而K、Mg则小于11月。     

杨树胞外蛋白的提取分离及2-D电泳体系的建立

该研究以美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系NL895杨(Populus deltoides×Populus euramericana cv.)组培苗叶片和茎段为研究对象,对NL895杨叶片细胞壁蛋白(cell wall proteins,CWPs)和茎段质外体蛋白(apoplastic proteins,APPs)的提取、分离和双向电泳等技术进行了系统研究。结果表明:10g以上叶片、超声波破碎10min、CaCl2法提取的细胞壁蛋白效果较好,经G-6-PDH酶活性检测,提取的细胞壁蛋白胞质污染率较低;真空渗透法提取的茎段质外体蛋白胞质污染率较前者高,但在允许范围之内。TCA/丙酮沉淀法纯化提取的细胞壁蛋白、pH 4~7的24cm胶条、上样量为500μg的双向电泳体系,其蛋白电泳图谱中的斑点多而清晰,斑点数达550多个,是叶片细胞壁蛋白电泳分析较适合的体系;pH 3~10胶条对茎段质外体蛋白的电泳分离效果较好。该研究初步建立了杨树胞外蛋白的提取、分离及2-DE电泳体系,为木本植物胞外蛋白的研究奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.