兰州地区女性感染HPV及其基因类型分析

目的：了解兰州地区成年女性感染人乳头瘤病毒（human pap illoma virus,HPV）TL其基因类型分布状况,为本地区HPv分子流行病学研究提供理论依据。方法：利用PCR技术分别对100例妇科门诊就诊者进行HPV基因亚型检测。结果：100例样品中,HPVDNA检出率为19％（19／100）,其中HPVl6DNA感染率15％（15／100）,HPV58DNA感染率3％（3／100）,HPV18DNA感染率2％（2／100）,HPV16与HPVl8双重感染1例。结论：本地区成年女性HPV感染主要以HPV16多见,而HPV16与恶性肿瘤密切相关,因此对HPVDNA阳性者定期随访,有利于宫颈癌的防治。     

高危人乳头瘤病毒基因型与宫颈癌筛查

应用第二代基因杂交捕获技术（HC-Ⅱ）对7068例21-58岁妇女官颈细胞进行13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）DNA的检测。该人群中13种高危型HPVDNA的总检出率为23．45％。在检出的1440例HPV阳性者中,宫颈癌、官颈上皮内高度病变（CINⅡ／Ⅲ）及宫颈上皮内低度病变（CINⅠ）的高危型HPVDNA检出率分别为100％、100％、65．06％。女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌及CIN流行的主要危险因素,提示言颈癌的防治应重点预防HPV感染,而对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测应是已感染高危型HPV的对象;     

我国人乳头瘤病毒（HPV16Z）基因克隆和鉴定

本文作者采用基因克隆手段,以pAt153为载体,从一份山西襄坦宫颈癌高发区宫颈癌患者的手术标本中,成功地克隆到2株与HPV16同源的基因片段。经PstI、KpnI、TaqvI、PvuII等16种限制性内切酶酶谱分析及其部分基因序列的鉴定,证明这是在国内首次克姓到一株分子量约为8．0kb完整的HPV16型全序列DNA及一株分子量为5．4kb的HPV6基因片段。经实验证明：该基因片段E6、E7及部分LI基因丢失,在750单核苷酸处发生变异,产生一新的BamHI酶切位点。该完整的HPV16基因组被命名为HPV16Z,HPV16基因片段被命名为HPV16F。用新分离到的HPV16Z作分子探针,检测襄坦337份宫颈癌及阴道活检标本的HPV16型同源序列的结果显示,慢性阴道炎阳性率为17．28％（14／81）;宫颈炎为11．89％（17／143）;宫颈癌前病变46．81％（22／47）;宫颈癌为72．73％（48／66）。证明山西宫颈癌高发区宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌组织中主要为HPV16Z感染。     

宫颈癌组织人乳头瘤病毒的荧光偏振基因分型

采用荧光偏振人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)分型新方法探讨了8种常见型别HPV在陕西宫颈癌患者中的流行情况。首先,用HPV GP5 ／GP6 通用引物PCR扩增65例早期宫颈癌(Ⅱa期内)和72例慢性宫颈炎病变组织DNA粗提物,继之将模板指导的末端延伸反应与荧光偏振检测技术结合(TDI-FP),用GP5 ／GP6 扩增区内的HPV6、11、16、18、31、33、35和58型特异性探针与PCR产物杂交后,荧光素标记的特异碱基(TAMRA-ddTTP或R110-ddGTP)在GP5 ／GP6 产物中相应的模板指导下,掺入延伸至相应探针末端,致使对应的TAMRA或R110 FP值升高,从而对扩增的HPV阳性产物进行HPV分型。65例宫颈癌患者中检出HPV57例,阳性率87．69％,72例慢性宫颈炎患者中检出HPV28例,阳性率38．89％,两组间HPV阳性率有显著性差异。宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中4种最常见的HPV型别分别是HPV 16(45．6％)、HPV 18(22．8％)、HPV 58(17．5％)、HPV 31(7．02％)和HPV 16(35．7％)、HPV 11(32．1％)、HPV 6(21．4％)、HPV 18(10．7％)。慢性宫颈炎患者中检出的HPV型别57．14％属高危型。HPV 16在两组中均最为多见。中国陕西宫颈疾病患者中HPV感染有其特点,世界范围内少见的HPV 58在陕西宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中均较为多见,在进行HPV新诊断方法及疫苗研制时应考虑到这种特点。     

细胞角蛋白基因13在喉鳞状细胞癌中缺失和表达的研究

为了探讨细胞角蛋白基因13（Cytokeratin13,CK13)在喉癌发生中的作用,在CK13基因内部及附近选择5个微卫星引物进行杂合性丢失（loss of heterozygosity,LOH)分析,于DNA水平间接检测72例喉鳞状细胞癌患者中该基因的缺失,应用Northern Blot检测16例喉鳞癌患者的配对肿瘤及癌旁正常组织中CK13基因的表达差异;同时应用CK13蛋白单克隆抗体对不同分化程度的喉鳞癌组织进行免疫组化染色。结果表明：5个STR位点均存在LOH,其中D17S1964E、D17S2092、D17S791、D17S1665及D17S808位点的LOH频率分别为18．03％、28．13％、27．42％、39．68％和34．85％,其中D17S1665位点的LOH频率最高,至少一个位点出现LOH的病例高达77．78％（56／72）,杂合性丢失与临床分期、淋巴结转移无显著相关,但与肿瘤分化程度高低相关（P＜0．05）。Northern blot结果表明：16例喉鳞癌患者C13基因在正常组织中的表达比肿瘤组织显著增强,免疫组化结果也显示CK13蛋白在正常组织或高分化肿瘤中的表达明显高于低分化者,且存在显著差异（P＜0．01）。证实CK13基因可能在喉鳞状细胞癌的发生中具有重要作用,可能是一个新的抑癌基因。     

乌鲁木齐地区乳腺癌与人乳头瘤病毒亚型感染的相关性研究

目的：对本地区乳腺癌患者癌组织进行人乳头瘤病毒（HPv）检测,对HPV亚型与乳腺癌的相关性进行研究。方法：选择本地区2010年1月-2013年1月182例乳腺癌患者作为研究组,同时选择30例乳腺良性肿瘤患者作为对照组,均分型基因芯片检测系统对提取的DNA进行分型检测。观察两组患者HPV感染情况及感染亚型。结果：两组患者HPV阳性病例67例,其中研究组阳性66例,阳性率为36．26％,对照组阳性1例,阳性率为3-33％;研究组阳性率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。亚型检测结果显示,共检出7种HPV亚型,其中高危型5种,分别为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV51和HPV56型,低危型两种,分别为HPV6、11两种。研究组高危型61例,低危型5例,对照组1例为HPV6。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者HPV阳性率分别为16．28％、19．71％、62％、100％,Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者的阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,不同分期阳性率比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：乳腺癌患者癌组织中HPV阳性率明显偏高,且绝大多数为高危亚型,而且HPV阳性率与病理分期呈正相关,说明本地区HPV感染与乳腺癌的发生与发展具有一定的相关性,两者的相关性还有待进一步探索。     

鄂中地区8136例妇女HPV感染导流杂交法亚型检测的临床意义

目的分析鄂中地区人群HPV感染基因型别。方法采集8136例鄂中地区2009年8月至2010年7月武汉市商业职工医院门诊与住院患者宫颈口及颈管脱落上皮细胞,应用导流杂交法进行HPV分型检测。结果HPV阳性感染1437例（17．66％）,其中高危型感染检出1189例（占82．67％）,低危型感染检出141例（占9．74％）,中国人群常见亚型感染检出305例（占21．16％）,多重感染检出369例（26．68％）。单一感染者中高危型833人（57．97％）,低危型感染者72人（5．01％）,中国人群常见亚型感染者163人（11．34％）。根据年龄分层,〈25岁组HPV感染率相对较高,为21．17％（P〈0．05）;HPV高危型感染组中〈25岁比例较高,达17．80％。在1437例HPV阳性感染者中,单一感染者共1068例（74．32％）,二重感染占18．72％。最常见的交叉感染是高危型＋中国人群常见亚型合并感染（8．28％）。结论导流杂交法HPV基因型分型检测可为宫颈疾病流行病学及早筛早治提供重要线索,对于发现HPV感染的高危人群、积极控制HPV感染、具有重要意义。     

c-erbB-2单克隆抗体A18在乳腺癌中表达特性的研究

目的：研究一株自制的c-erbB-2单克隆抗体A18在乳腺癌中表达的特性。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法、蛋白质印迹分析法和荧光激活的流式细胞分选检测技术检测A18在635例乳腺癌组织、100例癌旁乳腺组织、不表达c-erbB-2的NIH／3T3（鼠成纤维细胞）和NE91（转表皮生长因子受体基因的NR6鼠成纤维面积）细胞株及高表达c-erbB-2的T6－17（转c-erbB-2－基因的NIH／3T3细胞）和SKBR3（人乳腺癌细胞）细胞株中的表达状况,并与市售进口c-erbB-2抗体（MaximBiotech产品）进行了平行对照研究。A18系采用细胞表面区域表位包埋法免疫小鼠制备而成,,结果：A18阳性染色定位于细胞膜,部分伴微弱的细胞浆着色,无明显非特异性染色,A18和进口抗体对NIH／3T3、NE91细胞均呈阴性,T6－17、SKBR3细胞均呈阳性,在乳腺癌组织中,A18的阳性率为60．3％,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织的5．0％,A18与进口同类单抗的阴性、阳性及总符合率分别为84．0％、82．8％及83．2％,与进口同类多抗的阴性,阳性及总符合率分别为88．0％、90．2％和89．5％。A1和进口同类单抗与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系一致。经反复冻融7次或4℃保存10个月A18效价仍保持在3μg/ml。结论：A18特异性强,定位准确,效价高而稳定、可用于临床乳腺癌的检测。     

RASSF1A和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：检测胃癌组织中RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化状态,探讨二者与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法：采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）技术检测57例胃癌组织和相应癌旁组织及30例正常胃黏膜组织中RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化状态。结果：RASSFlA和Runx3甲基化在正常组未见表达。胃癌组RASSFlA基因甲基化率为64．9％（37／57）,明显高于癌旁组的7．0％（4／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,胃癌组Runx3基因甲基化率为49．1％（28／57）,明显高于癌旁组5．3％（3／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。胃癌组RASSFlA和Runx3基因甲基化率为68．4％（39／57）,明显高于癌旁组的8．8％（5／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区高甲基化与胃癌的发生密切相关,有望为胃癌的早期诊治提供理论依据。     

用昆虫-杆状病毒系统表达的HPV6型L1蛋白检测尖锐湿疣患者血清中抗体

用杆状病毒表达系统表达人乳头瘤病毒6型（human papillomavirus type 6,HPV6）主要衣壳蛋白（major capsid protein,L1）作为抗原,对尖锐湿疣（condyloma acuminata,CA）患者抗体进行检测。采用昆虫杆状病毒系统表达HPV6L1蛋白,通过镍柱亲和层析法获得纯化抗原;以酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测30例CA、20例献血员和10例儿童血清中的HPV6 LI IgG抗体。感染重组杆状病毒的昆虫细胞经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,在大约55kD处有明显的外源蛋白表达条带。ELISA结果显示,CA组的血清阳性率为66．7％（20／30）,献血员组的阳性率为15％（3／20）,两组之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。22例HPV6型感染的CA患者有15例血清阳性（68．2％）,6例HPV11型CA患者4例阳性（66．7％）,1例混合感染者为阳性,1例HPV16型患者为阴性。女性CA患者的血清抗体阳性率高于男性（P=0．0052）。本研究建立的ELISA体系具有敏感性和针对低危型HPV感染的特异性。这不仅对于HPV血清流行病学研究是有价值的,而且对于临床诊断HPV感染可能具有一定的应用价值。     

HPV感染、FHIT蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌的相关性研究

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒感染在NSCLC发生中的病因学意义,同时分析FHIT蛋白表达与NSCLC发生及HPV感染的关系.方法采用PCR方法选用通用型引物和HPV16、18型特异性引物分别对42例NSCLC及14例肺良性病变组织进行检测.免疫组化SP法检测FHIT蛋白的表达水平.结果 HPV DNA检出率肺癌组为42.9%,肺良性病变组为7.1%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05).HPV感染率在肺鳞癌(53.6%)显著高于腺癌(21.4%),且随着分化程度降低,其感染率增高,在吸烟患者(57.7%)显著高于不吸烟患者(18.8%);FHIT蛋白异常表达率肺癌组为61.9%,与肺良性病变组(28.6%)比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).肺癌中HPV阳性组FHIT蛋白异常表达率为83.3%,明显高于HPV阴性组(45.8%,P<0.05).结论 HPV感染与NSCLC组织学类型、分化程度及吸烟有关,它可能是导致NSCLC发生的重要病因学因素之一;FHIT蛋白异常表达与NSCLC发生及HPV感染有关,HPV可能通过诱导FHIT表达异常参与NSCLC的发生发展过程.     

Prevalence of human papilloma virus in esophageal carcinomas: a polymerase chain reaction-based study

Objectives: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been repeatedly found in esophageal carcinoma tissues. However, detection rates of HPV DNA in these tumors have varied markedly. Differences in detection methods, sample types and geographic regions of the sample origin have been suggested as potential causes of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence of HPV in esophageal carcinoma. Study Design: HPV L1 DNA was evaluated in a total of 49 esophageal carcinoma samples, including 44 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 5 cases of adenocarcinoma. Seventeen control samples of esophageal brushings were also analyzed. The HPV L1 fragment was detected using MY09/MY11 primers. Results: In test samples, 17/49 (34.7%) were positive for HPV L1 and, in comparison, none of the control samples were positive. HPV DNA was identified in 17/37 (46%) cases of non-keratinizing SCC and was not identified in any case of esophageal keratinizing SCC and adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: This study defines a significant association of HPV with esophageal non-keratinizing SCC. Our findings raise the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis, especially the non-keratinizing type of SCC. Further investigation with a larger sample size over broader geographic areas may be warranted.     

安康地区人乳头瘤病毒感染特征及其与宫颈癌的关系研究

目的:调查安康地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的基因型别及年龄分布特征,分析其与宫颈癌的关系,为宫颈癌防治及HPV疫苗研发提供可靠的依据。方法:收集2010年6月-2012年8月间在本院及安康市部分县级医院妇产科就诊的2736名女性的液基细胞学和组织学标本,分为8个年龄组:16-24岁119例、25-29岁230例、30-34岁343例、35-39岁472例、40-44岁574例、45-49岁512例、50-54岁206例、55-86岁280例,进行病理学分类及HPV分型检测,分析不同年龄组及不同类型宫颈组织中的HPV感染率。结果:2736例女性中发生HPV感染720例(26.32%),共检出21种型别,感染率最高的基因型别是HPV16(25.05%),其他常见型别依次为HPV58、HPV52、HPV6、HPV11。单一感染占76.25%,多重感染占23.75%。HPV感染率在16-24岁、35-39岁和55-86岁三个年龄段出现高峰;而高危型HPV的感染率在35-39岁和55-86岁两个年龄段分别出现高峰。HPV的检出率随着宫颈病变的严重程度而增加,其中正常或炎症人群的HPV感染率显著低于宫颈病变及宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者(均P0.05),且意义未明的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)、CIN1-3及宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者的HPV感染率对比结果存在显著差异(P0.05)。CIN1组、CIN2-CIN3组及宫颈鳞状细胞癌组单一感染率逐渐增加(P0.05),且其二重、三重感染率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:安康地区HPV16型别感染较广,临床需加强对HPV16型单一感染宫颈病变患者的癌症预防工作。     

Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical cell specimens by hybrid capture and PCR with different primers

The purpose of this study was to compare hybrid capture assay with PCRs using different primers for the L1, E6-E7 regions for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) genome. One hundred twenty-five cervical smears with normal (n=42) and abnormal (n=83) cytology were investigated. Those at high-risk for HPV were studied by hybridization antibody capture assay and PCR with the pU-1M/pU-2R primers. Target DNA from the HPV L1 region was amplified by SPF10 primer set and home-PCR with MY09/MY11 primers. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical smears was detected by SPF10 (in 72% of cases), MY09/MY11 (58%), hybrid capture (55%) and pU-1M/pU-2R (39%). Results obtained with the SPF10 and MY09/MY11 consensus primer sets as well as hybrid capture and pU-1M/pU-2R specific for high-risk types differed significantly (chi2, P<0.0005). The correlation between assays with the use of SPF10 and MY09/MY11 was 86% and between hybrid capture and the pU-1M/pU2R technique--78%. In 49% of samples HPV DNA was detected by the four methods, whereas in 12% only by the SPF10 primers. The most sensitive technique was found to be PCR with the use of SPF10 primers, while the most specific--the MY09/11 PCR method. It seems that home-PCR with MY09/MY11 primers could be applied in screening tests.     

Causal association between human papilloma virus infection and head and neck and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

HPVs commonly cause proliferative lesions of squamous epithelium, and infection with certain HPV types carries a high risk of malignant transformation. We used molecular techniques to detect and type HPV in papillomas and carcinomas in the oral cavity and esophagus. DNA was extracted from 150 fresh or paraffin embedded biopsy specimens, and analyzed for HPV by PCR with 15 sets of consensus primers directed to conserved regions of L1 gene, three sets of HPV16E6 primers (specific for the HPV 16 prototype and L83V variant), and sets of primers specific for the E6 gene of other mucosa type HPVs including HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 52, 58, 66 and 73. Overall, HPV sequences were detected in 61 of 150 specimens. HPV DNA sequences were detected in 16/32 specimens in the oropharyngeal region, in 13/36 specimens in larynx and 32/82 specimens in esophagus. Papillomas contained only the episomal form of HPV 16. In the esophagus, the most common type was HPV 73. In all specimens examined, HPV 6/11 (4/150), HPV 16 (23/150), HPV 35 (1/150), HPV 45 (1/150), HPV 54 (1/150), HPV 58 (1/150), HPV 61 (1/150), HPV 66 (1/150), HPV 68 (2/150), HPV 70 (3/150), HPV 72 (1/150), HPV 73 (16/150), double HPV infection (2/150), and unidentified HPV type (4/150) was detected. Interestingly, HPV was found in all verrucous carcinomas and in 18/22 basaloid squamous cell carcinomas. HPV16E6 T350G mutant were observed only in two of eight carcinomas. Using correspondence analysis, a segregation of specific virus types in specific clinico-pathologic lesions (verrucous carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma) was proved. It was shown that the relative rates of the HPV positive tumors were significantly higher in women than in men. The synergic action of mucosal irritation and HPV infection may be necessary for the development of the papillomas and the specific types of carcinomas in the oral cavity and in the esophagus.     

Immunological characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Four hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the IgG1 subclass against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were obtained from fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag4 myeloma cells with splenic cells from mice immunized with purified CEA. None of the MAbs showed cross-reactivity to perchloric acid extractable antigens from the normal human colon by an inhibition radioimmunoassay. However, MAb C27 showed the highest affinity to CEA. The intensity of immunofluorescence staining of human colorectal cancer cells with MAb C27 correlates well to the cellular CEA content of cancer cells. LS174T showed the highest intensity of fluorescence (95%) while COLO320DM and COLO320HRS were the lowest (0.5%). None of the normal human organs - colon, lungs, liver, spleen or kidneys-showed positive staining by immunoperoxidase anti-peroxidase (PA) techniques, while tissues from colorectal carcinoma (CRC), gastric carcinoma, hepatoma and lung cancer gave a positive rate of 100% (30/30), 96.6% (28/29), 32.1% (9/28) and 82.1% (69/84) respectively. Results suggest that MAb C27 can be used in immunodetection and radiolocalization of colorectal carcinoma.     

Improved rate of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia detection in human papillomavirus DNA hybrid capture testing

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have established a link between human papillomavirus (HPV), squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and carcinoma of the cervix. Testing for HPV DNA in addition to cytology in screening programs for cervical cancer has been suggested to increase detection rates. STUDY DESIGN: HPV DNA testing (performed by hybridization antibody capture assay I or II), cytology and biopsy (performed within 1 month of each other) were retrospectively reviewed for a series of 155 women. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HPV testing vs. cytology were calculated using biopsy as the gold standard. These values were also calculated in a subgroup of 37 individuals older than 35 years. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of DNA hybrid capture HPV testing for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were 86%, 44%, 26% and 93%, respectively. The respective values for cytology detection of high-grade CIN were 17%, 97%, 56% and 82%. CONCLUSION: HPV testing was significantly more sensitive for detecting high-grade CIN than cytology (86% vs. 17%). Our data support immediate colposcopy and biopsy, rather than follow-up Papanicolaou testing, if the test for HPV DNA is positive for an intermediate- to high-risk type.     

Colonic Paneth cell metaplasia is pre-neoplastic condition of colonic cancer or not?

ABSTRACTS: BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer has been accepted by a model for a cascade of genetic alterations, named the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In order to elucidate the carcinogenesis of the colorectal cancer more clearly, the genetic abnormalies of the non-neoplastic mucosal epithelium of the colon and rectum should be investigated. It has been speculated that colonic Paneth cell metaplasia (PaM) is one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa of colonic cancer. Therefore, we studied the propria mucosa of the right colon with PaM from the standpoints of the frequency of the K-ras codon 12 mutations (K-ras), which is initial genetic abnormality in colorectal cancer, and the loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite markers (LOH-MS), which has a relationship to development of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-two regions with PaM histopathologically from 12 surgically resected right colon specimens were studied. DNA extraction of the colonic mucosa with PaM was obtained using a microdissection method, and the frequency of the K-ras of PaM was investigated by enriched polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked mini-sequence assay, and the frequency of the LOH-MS (D2S123, D17S250 and D5S346) of PaM was examined by high resolution fluorescenced labeled PCR primers. RESULTS: K-ras mutation was detected in fifteen regions among 52 PaM (28.9%). All mutations were a single mutation and GGT changed to AGT in eleven and GAT in four. LOH-MS were detected in twenty-one regions among 52 PaM (40.4%) (D2S123: 35.4%, 17/48 regions, D17S250: 13.7%, 7/51 regions, and D5S346: 0%, 0/52 regions). No K-ras mutations and LOH-MS were detected in the controls (Colorectal mucosa with no PaM). CONCLUSIONS: Colonic mucosa with Paneth cell metaplasia may be one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa in the development of the colonic epithelial neoplasia.     

Association of human papillomavirus with prostate cancer: analysis of a consecutive series of prostate biopsies

The study purpose was to investigate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with prostate cancer. The presence and type of HPV DNA were investigated by polymerase chain reaction in the preservation fluid of 60 consecutive prostate core biopsies (29 benign, 31 malignant). The material was inadequate (no DNA found at beta-globin testing) in four benign and five cancer biopsies. HPV DNA was found in 17 of 26 (65.3%) cancer and 12 of 25 (48.0%) benign biopsies (chi2 = 0.94, p = 0.33). High-risk HPV type positivity was observed in 14 of 26 (53.8%) cancer and in five of 25 (20.0%) benign biopsies (chi2 = 4.38, p = 0.03). Twenty-three of 29 cases were positive at L1 region testing with MY09/11 primers; testing with primers directed to the E6/E7 region revealed six further HPV-positive cases (four cancer, two benign). The presence of HPV in prostate tissue suggests a possible reservoir for sexual transmission of types with oncogenic potential. Our findings also suggest a possible role of high-risk HPV infection in the etiology of prostate cancer and encourage further research into this issue.     

High prevalence of human papillomavirus 16 in penile carcinoma

In order to analyze the incidence and prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in penile carcinoma, we studied 49 patients with penile carcinoma. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from 64 samples of penile carcinoma from the Hospital General Universitario (Albacete, Spain). Cases were histologically classified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the presence of HPV. Two sets of consensus primers were used, the My09/My11, and the GP5+/GP6+. All positive cases were sequenced in order to establish the implicated genotype. Our results showed that 38 of the 49 cases were positive for HPV (77,5%). HPV16 appeared in 32 (84,2 %) of the 38 positive cases and HPV18 in 4 (10,5%). Our data demonstrate that the My09/My11 primers are more sensitive than GP5+/GP6+ primers, although the combination of the two sets of primers notably increased the total number of HPV positive cases detected.