一种测定SOD活力的新方法——碱性二甲基亚砜-鲁米诺化学发光法

本文介绍一种测定SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活力的新的碱性二甲基亚砜——鲁米诺化学发光法。用碱性二甲基亚砜作为产生O₂^-_·体系,用鲁米诺作为指示O₂^-_·的化学发光剂,观察了不同浓度的NaOH、鲁米诺、pH、碱性二甲基亚砜加入量、测定时间及心绿染料对此法的影响。测定了山羊烟雾吸入伤后SOD活力和肺淋巴SOD清除量的变化。结果证明,本法灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便、方法稳定,可快速、重复测定粗提取生物样品的SOD活力。     

青霉菌Penicillium janthinellum菌株GXCR的高抗重金属盐及其对Cu2+和Zn2+离子吸收的特性

从广西某矿区污泥中分离了一株高抗Cu²⁺的真菌,编号为GXCR,根据形态和5.8SrRNA基因的内转录间隔子区的DNA序列同源性将其鉴定为Penicilliumjanthinellum。GXCR能够耐200mmolL^-1的Cu²⁺,在5mmolL^-1Mn²⁺存在下,可在含800mmolL^-1Cu²⁺的PDA上生长。在PDA培养基上,限制GXCR生长的其它金属盐的最小浓度(mmolL^-1)依次为:Zn²⁺,>1200;Al³⁺,>500;Na⁺,>250;Mn²⁺,>200;Cd²⁺,50;Cr³⁺,>60;Cr⁶⁺,>3;Ni²⁺,20;Pb²⁺,50。对Cu²⁺、Cr⁶⁺、Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺,的抗性是pH依赖性的,在pH37,随着pH的升高,其抗性急剧下降。在含3种金属盐混合物的PDL(未添加琼脂的PDA)中的GXCR生长的正交实验结果表明:金属盐之间存在显著的毒性协同效应;毒性协同效应强度不仅与盐的种类也与组成盐之间的浓度相关;GXCR有较高的抗3种金属盐混合物的能力。原子吸收测定结果表明:在含20mmolL^-1Cu²⁺去离子水溶液中,未经NaOH预处理的自然菌体的Cu2+吸收量为38.1mgg^-1干菌体     

细菌胞壁多糖对水体中低浓度Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附研究*

室内模拟研究了长春市伊通河天然水环境中优势细菌胞壁多糖对Pb²⁺ 和Cd²⁺ 吸附 ,结果发现 :胞壁多糖对Pb²⁺ 和Cd²⁺ 的吸附量分别在pH为 4 5、 5 0时最大 ;且均分为两个阶段 ,即当pH <4 5 ,对Pb²⁺ 的吸附量与pH呈正相关 ,当pH >4 5时 ,对Pb²⁺ 的吸附量与pH呈负相关 ;对Cd²⁺ 的吸附量在pH <5 0时     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌尿素传感器的研究

基于腺酶催化尿素分解产生氨,以氨气敏电极为基础电极,用含脲酶丰富的谷氨酸棒状杆菌研制成测定尿素的微生物传感器.在30℃、pH8.0、0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中,该传感器的线性范围为1.1×10^-4～1.4×10^-2mol/L,斜率为51.2mV/decade,检测下限为1.0×10^-5mol/L,寿命可达45d.考察了传感器响应初速和底物浓度之间的关系,测定了微生物膜中脲酶的表观米氏常数K_m及最大响应初速v_m.     

大鼠前脂细胞质膜Na+/H+交换同时参与细胞的增殖和分化

以原代培养的大鼠前脂细胞为模型 ,以 2′ ,7′ bis ( 2 carboxyethyl) 5 ( 6 ) carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)作为检测胞内pH(pHi)的荧光探针 ,测定不同生长因子刺激下胞内pH的变化 ,证明大鼠肾周前脂细胞质膜存在Na⁺/H⁺交换活性 ,胎牛血清(FCS)能快速激活Na⁺/H⁺交换 ,导致pHi升高 (约 0 .2pH单位 ) ,并引起DNA合成 .Ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA)抑制Na⁺/H⁺交换与DNA合成 .在无血清条件下 ,胰岛素不刺激DNA合成但引起细胞分化 ,表现为胞内脂滴积累和 3 磷酸 甘油脱氢酶(G₃ PDH酶 )活性增强 ,同时激活Na⁺/H⁺交换活性导致pHi升高 ;EIPA既抑制胰岛素对Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活 ,也抑制G₃ PDH酶活性增强 .结果证明 :Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活不仅与大鼠前脂细胞增殖相关 ,同时也是细胞分化的早期事件 .     

腺苷敏感组织电极的研究

将一种含丰富腺苷脱氨酶的新鲜猪肝组织切片,通过“三明治夹心”法固定于氨气敏电极上,制成对腺苷具有特异响应的生物催化组织膜电极。电极测定腺苷浓度线性范围为1.4×10^-4—1.0×10^-2mol/L,检出限为5.0×10^-5mol/L。并对介质条件,pH影响,选择性以及动力学响应行为进行研究,电极寿命达一个月以上。电极用于合成样品测定,效果满意。     

广藿香原生质体制备、培养与融合技术优化研究

为建立高效稳定的广藿香原生质体培养与融合技术体系,该研究以广藿香愈伤组织悬浮细胞为材料,研究了原生质体制备的酶解条件和培养方法、细胞密度、激素种类和浓度等因素对原生质体培养的影响,并通过测定融合产物直径确立融合细胞筛选范围,进一步研究聚乙二醇浓度、细胞密度、融合时间及融合液加入量等因素对原生质体融合的影响。结果表明:制备原生质体的适宜条件为pH5.8,酶解温度25 ℃; 原生质体培养以铵盐减半的MS₁培养基进行海藻酸钠包埋、激素选用0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA、2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA,培养密度2.0×10⁵个·mL^-1、蔗糖添加量1.0%、酸水解酪蛋白500 mg·L^-1的条件下原生质体分裂频率、植板率均较高,且开始分裂时间和细胞团形成时间都较短; 双细胞融合产物筛选范围为69.33～87.35 μm; 以40% PEG 6000化学促融30 min、加入0.5倍体积的融合液、细胞密度2.0×10⁵个·mL^-1的条件进行原生质体融合,聚合率可达57.19%; 获得的融合产物经海藻酸钠包埋培育2个月后可观察到再生愈伤组织。     

兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的提纯及性质研究

目的:研究兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的分离纯化方法及其酶学性质,为测定血清甘油三酯所用酶联试剂的开发提供试验基础和理论依据。方法:通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose、Blue-Sepharose和羟磷灰石纯化兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶,利用凝胶过滤和梯度PAGE(5%～15%)法测定酶分子量,采用常规酶学动力学分析方法,考察pH、温度、底物浓度以及部分金属离子与有机化合物对酶促反应的影响。结果 纯化后的兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶经PAGE(12%)分析为单一条带;酶分子量为115～122 kDa;酶最适温度45℃,最适pH 9;酸碱稳定范围pH6～9,低于45℃时热稳定性好;最适条件下,以3-磷酸甘油和NAD⁺为底物,测得酶的K_m分别为7.4×10^-3mol/L和1.47×10^-4mol/L;Ba²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Ag⁺、Hg²⁺、NaN₃、EDTA对酶有不同程度的抑制作用,Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Co²⁺、Zn²⁺有一定程度的激活作用,其中Co²⁺和Zn²⁺对酶的激活作用能达到200%以上,有机化合物NaF对酶的活性没有影响。     

毛霉脂肪酶的研究

从土样中分离筛选到一株脂肪酶菌株—毛霉(Mucor sp.)M₂,其优化后的培养基组成(%);黄豆粉4.0、蔗糖0.5、橄榄油1.0、硫酸铵0.1、磷酸氢二钾0.2硫酸镤0.01、pH自然。产酶最适条件：初始pH6.5、培养温度28℃、培养周期96h.该酶最适作用温度50℃、最适pH8.0、pH稳定范围为7.0～10.0,Fe²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺对酶有激活作用。     

棒状杆菌属22-1菌株降解黑索金活力形成的研究

从黑索金污染的土壤中分离的棒状杆菌属22-1菌株具有降解黑索金的能力,经黑索金适应的完整细胞比未经适应的细胞降解黑索金活力高1.4倍。其降解活力形成的最适pH和温度分别为9和30℃。供氧不足时抑制其降解活力形成。测定的10种碳源中,柠檬酸钠、甘露醇、乳酸钠、蔗糖和葡萄糖能促进细胞量增长与降解活力形成;测定的5种氮源中,硝酸钾、脲和蛋白胨则对降解活力形成有明显抑制作用。12种金属离子中,Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Cu²⁺、Hg^{2+相似文献}   

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.