人工养殖稀有鮈鲫消化道组织学观察

采用活体解剖和显微技术对人工养殖的稀有鮈鲫消化道组织结构进行了详细观察,并描述了其形态结构。结果表明:稀有鮈鲫为杂食性无胃鱼,肠道系数0.64±0.06。消化道包括口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门。口咽腔和食道粘膜层为复层扁平上皮,内含较多杯状细胞、粘液细胞和少量味蕾;食道粗短,肌肉层发达。肠由前肠、中肠和后肠三部分组成。肠道由前到后,粘液细胞数量逐渐增多,粘膜皱褶数量逐渐减少,粘膜皱褶高度逐渐降低。     

稀有鮈鲫的野生种群结构

稀有鲫(GobiocyprisrarusYeetFu)属鲤科 (Cyprinidae)鱼丹亚科 (Danioninae) 鲫属。       

稀有鮈鲫表达8种脑垂体激素基因的细胞在垂体中的定位

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稀有鮈鲫血液学指标的研究

稀有鲫( Gobiocypris rarus Ye et Fu) 是中国特有的一种小型鲤科鱼类, 具有生命力强、性成熟周期短、繁殖季节长、产卵频率高等特点。目前已被广泛应用于遗传学、发育生物学、胚胎学、分子生物学、毒理学、污染生物学等研究领域。       

稀有鮈鲫的繁殖生物学

根据野外调查与室内养殖的结果,稀有鮈鲫的繁殖季节为3—11月,在人工控制条件下可周年繁殖。在适宜的水温和充足的饵料条件下孵出后4个月左右即可达性成熟并产卵。对7对鱼共136批次产卵进行了观察统计,平均每尾雌鱼5.4d产卵一次,平均每次产卵300.3粒。根据卵母细胞发育进程、卵径分布、产卵频次以及年产卵量大于怀卵量、含卵量等特征,建议将稀有鮈鲫的特殊产卵类型命名为连续产卵类型,并与生态学上常用的“多次产卵”、“分批产卵”加以区别。最后就稀有鲍鲫作为一种新的实验鱼等应用前景作了展望。       

稀有鮈鲫胚胎发育研究

本文研究稀有鲫的胚胎发育过程以及水温变化对其发育速度的影响,首次报道了鱼类卵壳内,包裹于胚胎外的似膜结构和伴随的胚胎蜕膜现象。     

稀有鮈鲫对草鱼出血病病毒敏感性的初步研究

本文报道稀有鲫对草鱼出血病病毒（ＧＣＨＶ）的敏感性。ＧＣＨＶ是草鱼出血病的病原,用ＧＣＨＶ人工感好１－６月龄的稀有鲫,在水温２２－３２℃时能导致稀有鲫出现出血病症状。在水温２８℃时,病鱼在ｌｄ内死亡,潜伏期为５ｄ,发病高峰期在感染后第６－８ｄ。ＧＣＨＶ能在稀有鲫体内传代,并诱导８０％以上的稀行鲫患病死亡。将人工感染ＧＣＨＶ的稀有鲫病鱼组织超薄切片,电镜观察,发现在肠道、脾脏、肾脏等组织中存在大小与形态和ＧＣＨＶ相似的病毒颗粒。从稀有鲫出血病病鱼组织中纯化病毒,免疫电镜观察,发现病毒颗粒能被ＧＣＨＶ的特异性抗体聚集成团。由上可知,稀有鲫出血病是由ＧＣＨＶ感染所致,稀有鲫对ＧＣＨＶ是敏感的,可以作为草鱼抗出血病育种的模型。     

稀有鮈鲫及其饲料的生化组成研究

研究了稀有的鮈鲫鱼肌、性腺的生化组成,肌肉中水分含量为79.12-79.65％,蛋白质为68.39-70.20％,脂肪为20.11-20.65％,灰分为15.88-16.04％,能值为19.91-20.84Kj/gdm。鱼肌中含17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占19.45-20.13％,极性氨基酸占17.23-17.45％,非极性氨基酸占17.51-18.16％,鱼肌中Ca、Na、P、Mg、Zn、Fe含量均较高,此外还测定了稀有的鮈鲫的活饵-水蚯蚓及人工饲料的生化组成。     

异源精子诱导稀有鮈鲫的人工雌核发育

用经过紫外线灭活的异源精子启动稀有鮈鲫卵子发育,再经过热休克分别抑制极体排放和第一次卵裂,得到了极体雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的存活个体。通过正交试验确定诱导极体雌核发育的最佳参数为受精后2min、40℃休克处理2min;诱导有丝分裂雌核发育的最佳参数为受精后17min、40℃休克处理2min。雌核发育个体的形态学特征没有显示出受到父本影响的迹象。RAPD分析表明雌核发育个体扩增片段全部来自于母本,没有发现异源父本DNA成分进入稀有鮈鲫基因组的迹象。实验中还发现,鲤×稀有鮈鲫的正常杂交组合能以极低的几率产生出雌核发育的稀有鮈鲫。     

稀有鮈鲫近交系微卫星多态性分析

利用17对微卫星引物对稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）野生群体和近交系F20和F22进行了遗传分析。结果表明在野生群体中17个微卫星位点均为多态位点,但在F20中仅有6个多态位点,F22中则仅有4个多态位点。在野生群体中共检测到64个等位基因,F20、F22分别为26、21个。近交系的平均基因纯合率均较高,其中F20为86.18%,F22达91.96%,而野生群体平均基因纯合率为46.84%。近交系平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量均较野生群体低。在近交系F20和F22中,群体间遗传相似性指数最大,其遗传距离最小,说明二者之间的亲缘关系最近。HAN系遗传多样性明显降低,已具有较高的遗传纯度。     

稀有鮈鲫对不同生境的选择性偏好

对不同生境的识别和选择性偏好是保障鱼类生存和繁衍的重要能力之一。以稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）为研究对象,使用沙、水草和石块在观测水缸中进行多种排列组合以构建不同的生境类型,基于在各区域的停留时长和中线跨越次数两项参数,测试稀有鮈鲫对不同生境类型的偏好以及营养状态、生境组成物数量、环境照度对该行为影响。结果表明,稀有鮈鲫对不同的生境类型具有明显的选择性偏好,对仅水草生境偏好程度最高,对仅石块生境的偏好程度最低。该偏好行为在24 h的禁食后变化不显著（P > 0.05）,但生境组成物数量和环境照度对该行为具有显著影响（P < 0.05）,其偏好程度随水草数量和照度的增加而增加,在包含8棵水草及1 000 lx的照度下最高。     

Temporal Variation in Genetic Structure of the Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in Its Type Locality Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Gobiocypris rarus, an endemic cyprinid fish with high fecundity, lives mainly in small water systems easily influenced by changes in natural surroundings. This study used 11 polymorphic microsatellite primers to identify the temporal variation of its topotype population. Moderate genetic diversity, inbreeding phenomena, and limited temporal variation between 1997 and 2006 were revealed in the topotype population. The main temporal fluctuations involved only the change of allelic frequencies over two loci and allelic richness. The effective population size was estimated to be 645. The authors argue that inbreeding did not induce dramatic depression effects on the topotype population, and the forces to maintain genetic diversity were mainly from environmental fluctuations and life history traits. Considering that the topotype population is facing increased habitat loss, destruction, and disturbance due to human activities, the authors suggest that a habitat and species management area be established in the type locality.     

Vitellogenin in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): identification and induction by waterborne diethylstilbestrol

Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is a tiny Chinese carp that has a short life cycle and is easily cultured in the laboratory. In this study, juvenile rare minnows were exposed to waterborne diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 microg/l in laboratory aquaria. After exposure for 4, 8, 13 and 21 days, juvenile fish were collected and vitellogenin (Vtg) was measured in whole body homogenates. Native and SDS electrophoresis followed by Western blotting were performed for Vtg identification, and a non-competitive ELISA was developed. In the DES exposure groups (0.5 and 5 microg/l DES), Vtg appeared after 4 days, increased significantly after 8 days and reached a maximum on day 13. Further, a significant increase in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was found in the 5 microg/l DES exposure group after 21 days. These results indicate that rare minnow provides a good model for assessing endocrine disruption by environmental estrogens.     

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

The Chinese rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus, which is endemic to China, is an attractive aquatic laboratory animal in China. In the present study, the complete mitogenome sequence of G. rarus has been determined using long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It was 16,601 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region, the gene composition and order of which are similar to most other vertebrates. Except for eight tRNA and ND6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is 29.5% A, 27.6% T, 25.7% C, and 17.2% G, with a slight AT bias of 57.1%. There are 10 regions of gene overlap totaling 27 bp and 13 intergenic spacer regions totaling 63 bp. The mitogenome sequence of G. rarus could contribute to a better solution of its phylogenetic position within cyprinid fishes based on the whole mitogenomic data.     

东湖茶港排污口底泥对稀有鮈鲫的毒性

以东湖茶港排污口底泥复溶水为试验相,采用96h急性毒性试验和胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段毒性试验方法,研究了东湖茶港排污口底泥对稀有的鮈鲫毒性。结果显示,高浓度的复溶水对稀有鮈鲫胚胎、仔鱼和幼鱼具有明显的毒性效应,而胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段更为敏感。随着复溶水浓度的增加,稀有鮈鲫受精卵孵化率降低,仔鱼畸形率增高、成活率降低、生长减慢;对胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段的NOEC、LOEC和MATC分别为12.5%、25%和17.68%;对幼鱼96h LC50为69.1%。本文的研究还表明,底泥经晾晒后毒性大幅降低,暗示恢复东湖通江状态并让水位自然涨落,可能有助于缓解污染、恢复生态环境。