内蒙古白银库伦遗鸥自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查

2006年5～9月,采用样带法对内蒙古白银库伦遗鸥自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查,共记录到两栖爬行动物12种,其中两栖类1目3科4种,爬行类2目4科8种.区系组成以古北界种类占明显优势.花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei和丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus分别为两栖类和爬行类的优势种.物种组成与附近的锡林郭勒自然保护区、赛罕乌拉自然保护区有较高的相似性.根据保护区的现状,提出了对两栖爬行动物的保护建议.     

海南东寨港红树林湿地鸟类多样性研究

红树林湿地是全球湿地生态系统中的重要组成部分,湿地鸟类是湿地价值的重要指标[14].东寨港是我国红树林面积最大、种类最多、生长最好的地区之一[10],广阔的滩涂成为许多鸟类的觅食地和越冬点,每年春季和冬季都有许多迁徙鸟类在此觅食和越冬.红树林湿地鸟类的研究国内外都有一些报道[2,3,5,6,8,11,13],但正如Lefebvre所说"我们对红树林鸟类群落的认识主要局限于鸟类物种的编目"[13].对东寨港红树林鸟类研究,20世纪60～70年代有学者做过一些采集及考察工作[1,7,9],80年代和90年代初也有学者进行过一些调查[5,12],但大多数都是在东寨港作短暂的停留,记录的物种数很少、调查的结果也有局限性.1997～1998年我们对海南东寨港红树林湿地的鸟类进行了调查,这对未来东寨港鸟类的监测、湿地的保护及生态管理有重要意义.     

河北省滹沱河中游湿地鸟类多样性研究

2008年9月至2009年11月,采用样线法对滹沱河中游湿地的鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类217种,隶属于16目52科。其中候鸟(包括旅鸟,夏候鸟,冬候鸟)169种,留鸟46种,迷鸟2种;优势种26种,常见种69种,偶见种122种;古北种148种,东洋种23种,广布种46种。国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类30种。分析表明,ShannonWeiner指数为3.425,G-F指数为0.821,Pielou指数为0.637。不同生境鸟类群落相似性较低,说明任何一种生境遭到破坏,都会对该地区鸟类多样性产生负面影响。     

内蒙古桦木沟自然保护区夏季鸟类物种多样性调查

为了解鸟类多样性现状,制定科学有效的栖息地保护管理对策,于2006年5～7月利用样线法对内蒙古桦木沟自然保护区鸟类物种多样性进行了调查,并分析了群落结构。结果显示,保护区内有17目44科127种鸟类,其中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类14种。居留型组成为90种夏候鸟、27种留鸟、10种旅鸟。不同生境类型中的鸟类群落多样性指数以草原湿地最高,均匀性指数以林地和疏林较高。提出保护区在制定鸟类多样性保护对策时应全面考虑各类栖息地的生态作用。     

阜阳市重要湿地夏季鸟类多样性研究

为了掌握阜阳市重要湿地的鸟类资源,2011年7月-2011年9月,采用样带法对阜阳市4个重点湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查。调查共记录阜阳市重要湿地鸟类11目25科43种,雀形目鸟类种数最多,共19种,占全部种类数的44.1%。东洋界、古北界和两界广布种分别占繁殖鸟种数的39.5%、34.8%、25.6%;湿地水鸟21种,占全部鸟类的47.8%;湿地鸟类群落的优势种为家燕、烟腹毛脚燕和灰椋鸟。八里河省级湿地自然保护区鸟类种数最多(N=30),多样性指数最高(H=2.49);4个湿地之间鸟类相似性系数均较高。鸟类多样性指数、鸟类种都与湿地面积呈显著正相关(多样性r=0.985,P=0.015;鸟种r=0.974,P=0.026)。从鸟类多样性保护考虑,湿地保护区和湿地公园的建设和管理应向保持湿地面积、增加植被复杂性发展。     

河北滦河口湿地鸟类多样性调查

2007年9月～2008年9月,采用样方法、样线法对河北滦河口湿地鸟类多样性进行研究.共记录鸟类184种,隶属于17目44科97属.其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,即丹顶鹤、黑鹳,占总种数的1.1%;国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类共21种,占总种数的11.4%.旅鸟138种,夏候鸟19种,留鸟14种,冬候鸟13种.鸟类区系组成中古北种135种(73%),广布种31种(17%),东洋种18种(10%);在春秋迁徙季节,种群密度大的鸟类分别是绿头鸭(0.26只/hm2)、红嘴鸥(0.12只/hm~2)、环颈鸻(0.066只/hm~2)、牛背鹭(0.044只/hm~2)、灰椋鸟(0.034只/hm~2).     

大、小苏干湖湿地鸟类多样性季节变化

2006年分3个季节(春、夏、秋)对大苏干湖、小苏干湖及两湖间河道湿地鸟类物种多样性及数量的季节变动进行了调查,共记录到鸟类11目20科38属47种。其中留鸟5种,迁徙路过鸟10种,夏候鸟32种。春季共记录到24种鸟类,夏季32种,秋季30种。秋季在大苏干湖区活动的鸟类种数最多,多样性指数最大,为3.0891,而小苏干湖区的鸟类多样性指数在3个季节都较低。     

内蒙古汗马国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查

2011年1月~2013年12月通过对内蒙古汗马国家级自然保护区进行科学考察,共记录到鸟类200种,隶属于17目43科。其中非雀形目鸟类106种(占53.0%),雀形目94种(47.0%);古北界鸟类136种(68.0%),东洋界鸟类3种(1.5%),广布种61种(30.5%);夏候鸟有126种(63.0%),冬候鸟11种(5.5%),留鸟33种(16.5%),旅鸟30种(15.0%);国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类32种。     

内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性调查

采用固定样线法于2006～2009年对内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区冬季鸟类组成进行了调查.共记录鸟类6目18科51种,其中有37种留鸟,9种冬候鸟,5种旅鸟,鸟类的居留型发生变化.所记录鸟类中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类13种,国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济及科学研究价值的鸟类29种.群落多样性指数值最高...     

环境因子对湿地鸟类多样性的影响分析

湿地鸟类在能量转换和维护生态系统的稳定性方面起着举足轻重的作用,同时也是监测、评价湿地生态环境极其敏感的指标。本文总结了环境因子对湿地鸟类多样性的影响,对湿地鸟类多样性的研究提出展望,为更好地保护湿地鸟类资源及生态环境提供科学依据。     

内蒙古中部地区繁殖鸟类多样性调查

2011年5～6月,采用样线法和固定半径样点法对内蒙古中部地区荒漠草原、典型草原及湿地3种生境中的鸟类进行了调查,共记录到繁殖鸟63种,隶属于11目25科,其中留鸟12种,夏候鸟51种。在动物地理区系成分上,古北界鸟类54种(占85.71%);东洋界鸟类9种(占14.29%)。调查结果表明,3种生境的鸟类群落结构在多样性指数上以湿地为最高,其次为荒漠草原,典型草原最低;均匀度指数最高的为荒漠草原,其次为湿地,典型草原最低。     

不同放牧率对内蒙古冷蒿草原植物多样性的影响

以８年（１９８９－１９９７年定位的放牧试验数据为基础,较全面分析了不同放牧率对冷蒿（Ａrtemisia frigida）草原植物多样性和草场异质性的影响,并从内蒙古细毛羊选择性采食和植物适应策略的角度探讨其影响机制。研究发现,在进行冷蒿小禾草草原的物种丰富度调查是,１００m的样线法是可行的;在探讨放牧对群落多样性的影响时,Ｓimpson多样性指数和均匀度指数对放牧率大小的变化更敏感。经过连续８年的放牧,不同放牧率对物种丰富度的影响不大。但植物多样性和均匀度随放牧率的增大而下降,群落优势度却随放牧率增大而增大,;内蒙古细毛羊的选择性采食和较高放牧率和互作是导致植物多样性和均匀度下降及群落优势度上升的主要原因。冷蒿、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa)、星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis)、冰草（Ａgropyron cristatum)和寸草苔（Carex duriusula)在不同放牧率下的种群消长决定了冷蒿草原的放牧演退规律和植物多样性大小;尽管内蒙古细毛羊较喜食糙隐子草,但其种群在所有放牧率下均是多度最大的３个种群之一。     

Influence of Different Stocking Rates on Plant Diversity of Artemisia frigida Community in Inner Mongolia Steppe

The experiment was conducted in Inner Mongolia steppe located in 43°26′-44° 08′N, 116°04′-117°05′ E in 1989-1997. The grazing experiment design was 5 stocking rates (0.00, 1.33, 2.67, 4.00, 5.33 and 6.67 sheep·hm-2, but 0.00, 1.33, 2.00, 2.67, 3.33 and 4.00 sheep·hm-2 in 1990) with three 1 hm2 rotational paddocks per treatment. The sheep were Inner Mongolia fine sheep and the experiment was performed during warm seasons every year from May 20 to October 5. The objectives were to research the integrated influence of different stocking rates on plant diversity and to provide knowledge of its mechanism by the method of continuous monitoring of 8 years for the same grazing experiment rather than through spatial gradient.The results showed that using the method of 100 m sample line was suitable for estimating the abundance of plant species. Simpson index and evenness were better parameters to measure the influence of different stocking rates on plant diversity for Artemisia frigida community. The plant species abundance almost remained unchanged, but the plant diversity and evenness decreased as the stocking rate increased, and the community dominance increased with stocking rate during the 8 years' grazing under different stocking rates. The interaction of the preferred ingestion of grazing sheep with heavy stocking rate may be one of the key reasons resulting in the decrease of plant diversity and evenness. Grass proportion decreased with the increase of stocking rates and A. frigida community degraded further into Potentilla acaulis community under heavy grazing or over-grazing. The succession and plant diversity of A. frigia community under different stocking rates mainly depend on the dynamics of A. frigida, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Potentilla acaulis, Agropyron cristatum and Carex duriuscula populations; Cleistogenes squarrosa population is one of the 3 populations of maximum abundance under all stocking rates from 1989 to 1997.     

Patterns of plant biodiversity in the woodland-steppe ecotone in southeastern Inner Mongolia

Biodiversity patterns of the woodland-steppe ecotone in southeastern Inner Mongolia were investigated. Controlled by climatic factors, the plant species diversity of the woodland-steppe ecotone is moderate as compared with the adjacent woodland and steppe communities. From woodland through woodland-grassland and woodland-steppe to steppe, about 2/3 species were replaced at each boundary; only seven herb species were detected to be distributed in all four vegetation zones. Landscape classification based on landform, climate, and vegetation shows that landform condition is most critical to landscape diversity in the studied area. The most fragmented landform in the woodland zone does not necessarily lead to low plant species diversity. However, similar understory species in different woodland types lead to continuous woodland vegetation and, hence, high species richness. High fragmentation in the woodland-steppe zone and discontinuous distribution of woodlands might be a driving factor for lower species richness. Reconstruction of the Holocene climatic changes and vegetation development demonstrates that the highest plant species diversity occurred in the ecotone from 4500 to 2500 ¹⁴C yr BP at different sites, while the woodland zone extended much farther northwestward. When woodlands retreated from the current ecotone with climatic drying, the fragmentation of woodlands in the current ecotone led to plant species loss.     

内蒙古被子植物新资料

该文报道了内蒙古被子植物菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)的2个新分布记录属,即石胡荽属(Centipeda Loureiro)和扇穗茅属(Littledalea Hemsley);十字花科(Cruciferae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、堇菜科(Violaceae)、伞形科(Umbelliferae)、紫草科(Boraginaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae) 9个科的11个新分布记录种,即裂叶独行菜(Lepidium lacerum C. A.Meyer)、腺粒委陵菜(Potentilla granulosa T. T. YuC. L. Li)、祁连山棘豆(Oxytropis qilianshanica C. W.ChangC. L. Zhang ex X. Y.H. Ohashi)、石生堇菜(Viola rupestris F. W. Schmidt)、河西阿魏(Ferula hexiensis K. M. Shen)、青海齿缘草(Eritrichium medicarpum Y. S. LianJ. Q. Wang)、斑种草(Bothriospermum chinense Bunge)、青藏蒿(Artemisia duthreuil-de-rhinsi Krascheninnikov)、石胡荽[Centipeda minima (Linnaeus)A. BraunAscherson]、寡穗茅(Littledalea przevalskyi Tzvelev)、旋鳞莎草[Cyperus michelianus (Linnaeus)Link]。相关凭证标本存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)中。     

Microbial Diversity in High Arsenic Groundwater in Hetao Basin of Inner Mongolia,China

The microbial diversity and community structure in twenty-one groundwater samples from high arsenic shallow aquifers of Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, China was investigated with an integrated approach including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses. A total of 25 bacterial and 32 archaeal DGGE bands were exercised for sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the bacterial DGGE bands were dominated by Proteobacteria, and the archaeal bands were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Based on arsenic concentrations, three samples (corresponding to low, medium, and high level of arsenic, respectively) were selected for construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. A total of 912 (468 and 444 for bacteria and archaea, respectively) 16S rRNA gene clone sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that bacterial communities of these samples were dominated by Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Massilia, Dietzia, Planococcus, Brevundimonas, Aquabacterium and Geobacter, and archaeal communities by Nitrosophaera, Thermoprotei and Methanosaeta. The relative abundance of major groups varied as a function of changes in groundwater geochemistry. Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Geobacter, Thermoprotei and Methanosaeta dominated in high arsenic samples with high concentrations of methane and Fe(II), and low concentrations of SO^2? ₄ and NO^? ₃, while Pseudomonas and Nitrosophaera were abundant in low arsenic groundwater. These results imply that microbes play an important role in arsenic mobilization in the shallow aquifers of Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia.     

内蒙古种子植物新资料

报道了内蒙古1个新分布记录属--莴苣属(Lactuca L.);3个新分布记录种:双穗麻黄 (Ephedra distachya L.)、丝毛蓝刺头(Echinops nanus Bunge)、野莴苣(Lactuca serriola L.).     

内蒙古鸟类新纪录——灰蓝姬鹟

2007年9月26日,笔者在内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区(44°13′28″N,118°43′9″E)进行野生动物多样性调查时,于下午1500左右在沟谷杂木林中发现1只体长约13 cm的雀形目鸟类停歇于白桦树上,在距其约30 m的地方,通过望远镜观察发现:该鸟眼圈棕黄色,眼先和头侧褐色杂棕黄色,虹膜暗褐色;嘴黑色,颏、喉泛白色形成三角形;脚暗褐色;上体棕褐色,腰部沾棕,尾上覆羽和尾(红)棕色,下体棕白色,胸和两胁棕色.     

内蒙古维管植物新资料

报道了内蒙古3个新分布记录种:原野菟丝子(Cuscuta campestris Yuncker)、玛纳斯灯芯草(Juncus libanoticus Thiébaut)和无瓣繁缕[Stellaria pallida(Dumortier)Crépin];重新确认了密花柽柳(Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge)在内蒙古的分布;确定了十字花科2个异名,分别是Borodiniopsis D.A.German等和Borodiniopsis alashanica(Maxim.)D.A.German等,它们分别由针喙芥属(Acirostrum Y.Z.Zhao)和针喙芥[Acirostrum alaschanicum(Maxim.)Y.Z.Zhao]取代。