马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对正常大鼠脑内孕激素及其受体的影响

目的探讨星形胶质细胞对大鼠脑内孕激素及其受体的影响以及在癫痫发病中的作用。方法将马桑内酯(Coriaria lactone,CL)激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(Astrocytic conditioned medium,ACM)注射入正常SD大鼠侧脑室后,观察大鼠的行为变化;运用免疫组织化学方法观察大脑皮质及海马中孕激素受体(PR)表达的变化;运用放射免疫分析方法,观察脑组织匀浆及脑脊液内孕酮含量的变化。结果ACM组大鼠在注射ACM后30min出现癫痫行为,2h恢复正常;免疫组织化学显示:ACM作用后2h,PR免疫反应阳性神经元数和平均光密度值明显降低,4h达最低(P<0.05),12h恢复正常水平;放射免疫分析方法显示ACM组大鼠在侧脑室注射ACM后2h,脑脊液中孕酮含量明显升高;而海马组织和大脑皮质中孕酮含量则在注药后4h明显降低,与对照组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论以上实验结果提示马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液可通过降低大鼠脑内孕激素及其受体的表达参与癫痫的反复发作。     

马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对正常大鼠脑内TNF-α的影响

目的揭示激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对正常大鼠脑内TNF-α的影响.方法将马桑内酯(coriaria lactone,CL)激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocytic conditioned medium, ACM)注射入正常SD大鼠侧脑室,观察大鼠的行为变化,运用免疫组织化学及放射免疫分析的方法,观察脑组织匀浆及脑脊液内肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量的变化.结果ACM组大鼠在注射ACM 30min后出现癫痫行为,2h后恢复正常;免疫组织化学显示: ACM作用后2h,TNF-α免疫反应阳性神经元数和平均光密度值明显增高,4h达高峰(P<0.05),12h恢复正常水平;放射免疫分析方法显示ACM作用后2h大鼠大脑皮质、海马及脑脊液中TNF-α含量均开始增加,4h达高峰(P<0.05).结论以上实验结果提示马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液可增强大鼠TNF-α的表达,并与癫痫发病有关.     

TNF-α激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对培养的海马星形胶质细胞的兴奋作用

目的：揭示星形胶质细胞在癫痫发病中的作用。方法：将TNF-α激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(Astrocytic Conditioned Medium,ACM)作用于纯化培养的海马星形胶质细胞,运用免疫细胞化学的方法观察核转录因子NF-kBp65的表达情况。结果：ACM作用后30min即可诱导NF-kBp65的核内表达,2h达高峰。结论:TNF-α激活的星形胶质细胞可通过释放可溶性的神经活性物质使培养的海马星形胶质细胞激活,兴奋性升高。     

马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对大鼠脑内钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ表达的影响

目的揭示马桑内酯(coriaria lactone,CL)激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocyte contined medium,ACM)对大鼠脑内钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ(calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)表达的影响。方法按照McCarthy和DeVellis的方法作海马星形胶质细胞的纯化培养,然后收集对照组ACM和CL激活的ACM。取成年健康雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为对照组(8只)和CL组(32只),对照组侧脑室注射未加任何刺激物的ACM 10μl,CL组侧脑室注射CL激活的ACM 10μl(按注射后的时间分为2h、4h、8h和12h,每个时间点8只)。观察两组大鼠的行为表现,用免疫组化检测脑内CaMKⅡ表达的变化,Western blot检测脑内CaMKⅡ含量的变化。结果CL组大鼠有痫样发作,而对照组无痫样发作;免疫组化检测结果显示,CaMKⅡ在CL组的皮质和海马表达与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);Western blot检测皮质和海马CaMKⅡ亚基含量的结果显示,α和β亚基在CL各时间组与对照组的比较,表达均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论CL激活的ACM对致痫大鼠脑内CaMKⅡ亚基α和β的表达水平无明显影响。     

马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对正常大鼠脑内谷氨酸和GABA的影响

目的探讨星形胶质细胞对大鼠脑内谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的影响及其在癫痫发病中的作用。方法将马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocyte-conditioned medium,ACM)注射入正常SD大鼠侧脑室,观察大鼠的行为变化,运用免疫组织化学及HPLC的方法,观察大鼠大脑皮质、海马内Glu和GABA免疫反应的变化及脑组织匀浆、脑脊液内Glu和GABA含量的变化。结果ACM组大鼠在注射ACM后30min出现癫痫行为,2h恢复正常。免疫组织化学显示:ACM作用后2h,大鼠大脑皮质及海马内Glu免疫反应阳性神经元数和平均光密度值明显增高,4h达高峰(P<0.05),12h恢复正常水平;ACM作用后2h,大鼠大脑皮质及海马GABA免疫反应阳性神经元数和平均光密度值明显减弱(P<0.05),12h恢复正常水平。HPLC方法显示:ACM作用后2h大鼠大脑皮质、海马及脑脊液中Glu含量均开始增加,4h达高峰(P<0.05);ACM作用后2h大脑皮质、海马及脑脊液中GABA含量均开始降低,4h达最低(P<0.05)。结论马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液可影响大鼠脑内Glu和GABA的表达,并导致动物痫性发作。     

IL-1β和Glu联合应用对体外培养的新生大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞周期的影响

目的研究IL-1β(interleukin-1 beta) 单独应用及与谷氨酸(Gluamate,Glu)联合应用对体外纯化培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞细胞周期的影响.方法将纯化培养的星形胶质细胞血清剥夺培养24 h后,(1)加入不同浓度(0、10、100、1000 U/ml)的IL-1β;(2)加入浓度100U/ml的IL-1β分别作用24、48、72 h;(3)加入浓度100U/ml IL-1β 1mmol/L Glu分别作用24、48、72 h; 采用流式细胞术观察星形胶质细胞周期的变化.结果 (1)不同浓度的IL-1β可使星形胶质细胞S和G2/M期的细胞指数较对照组增高,在一定范围内随着IL-1β浓度的增加,星形胶质细胞的增殖更明显,同一浓度的IL-1β其作用随着时间的延长而逐渐衰减,(2)IL-1β与Glu联合应用较IL-1β单独应用星形胶质细胞的增殖更明显.结论 IL-1β激活星形胶质细胞,并启动细胞周期进程,促使星形胶质细胞增殖;IL-1β与Glu在诱导星形胶质细胞增殖时有一定的协同作用.     

激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养基对大鼠杏仁核谷氨酸的影响

为探讨星形胶质细胞在癫痫发作中的作用,用肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）刺激纯化培养的海马星形胶持细胞,将此条件培养基（astrocytic conditioned medium,ACM)10μl注入大鼠侧脑室,观察动物的行为,脑电图及杏仁核内谷氨酸（glutamic acid,Glu)免疫组织化学反应。结果表明,侧脑室注射ACM可引起大鼠癫痫样发作,脑电图出现阵发性痫样放电;杏仁核内Glu免疫阳性反应增强,经多媒体彩色病理图分析系统（MPIAS）检测。阳性细胞面密度和平均光密度高于对照组,本实验为星形胶质细胞在癫痫复发中的作用机理提供了直接的依据。     

IL-1β对星形胶质细胞的激活作用

目的研究IL-1β对体外原代培养的星形胶质细胞中的激活及增殖作用,并探讨IL-1β对星形胶质细胞细胞周期的影响.方法将单层培养于盖玻片上的纯化的星形胶质细胞分为4组,分别采取血清培养和血清剥夺培养,加入不同浓度IL-1β,其浓度依次为0ng/ml、1ng/ml、10ng/ml、100ng/ml,作用24小时.采用免疫细胞化学观察GFAP和PCNA的表达.并且采用流式细胞术观察其对星形胶质细胞周期的影响.结果血清培养时不同浓度IL-1β组的星形胶质细胞GFAP表达和细胞指数无明显改变,PCNA表达较对照组明显增强,但是1ng/ml和10ng/ml IL-1β时星形胶质细胞PCNA表达无明显变化.而血清剥夺时不同浓度IL-1β组的星形胶质细胞GFAP和PCNA表达较对照组明显增强,S和G2/M期的细胞指数较对照组增多.结论 IL-1β激活星形胶质细胞,上调GFAP和PCNA的表达,并启动细胞周期进程,促使星形胶质细胞进入增殖周期.这对中枢神经系统损伤和疾病时反应性胶质增生及胶质瘢痕的形成机制起着重要作用.     

马桑内酯慢性致痫大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的激活

目的：研究慢性癫痛大鼠点时海马星形胶细胞的激活情况。方法：采用马桑内酯慢性癫痫大鼠模型,观察大鼠点燃后海马NF－kBp65和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP）免疫细胞化学反应（immunoreactivity,IR)的变化。结果：点燃后1h,海马CA1区GFAR－IR开始增强,4－8h可观察到GFAP－IR阳性细胞数量增多并明显浓染。这种强GFAP－IR持续至点燃点24h点燃后1h,NF－kBp65即可在海马CA1区神经元和胶质细胞内表达,主要位于胞核内,至8h阳性神经元细胞核基本消失而可见大量NF－kBp65－IR阳性的胶质细胞,双重免疫细胞化学方法显示GFAP／NF－kBp65－IR阳性细胞在点燃后1h即可观察到,4h表达最高峰,24h恢复对照组水平。结论：马桑内酯慢性致痫大鼠点燃时星形胶质细胞表现一种早期而持续的激活,提示反复激活的星形胶质细胞对癫痫的复发可能起重要的作用。     

马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液对正常大鼠脑内及培养的神经元内PLCβ1的影响

目的揭示星形胶质细胞对大鼠脑内及培养的神经元磷脂酶Cβ1(PLCβ1)的影响及其在癫痫发病中的作用。方法将马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocyte-conditioned medium,ACM)注射入正常SD大鼠侧脑室,观察大鼠的行为变化;运用免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠大脑皮质、海马内PLCβ1免疫反应的变化;将培养的神经元随机分为2组:1.对照组(无血清培养基组),2.ACM组。各组细胞分别培养4、8、12h后,免疫细胞化学方法观察培养神经元内PLCβ1表达的变化,Western blot法检测各组培养神经元PLCβ1含量的变化。结果ACM组大鼠在注射ACM后30 min出现癫痫行为,2 h恢复正常;免疫组织化学显示:ACM作用后4h,大鼠大脑皮质、海马PLCβ1免疫反应阳性神经元数和平均光密度值显著增高(P<0.05);培养神经元的免疫细胞化学染色证明ACM组在作用4h时PLCβ1免疫阳性反应产物明显增加,与对照组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);Western blot结果表明PLCβ1含量在ACM作用4h较对照组明显增多(P<0.05)。结论马桑内酯激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液可上调大鼠脑内及培养的神经元内PLCβ1的表达,并导致动物痫性发作。     

巨噬细胞条件培养基对小脑皮质神经元生存的影响

用快速自动比色微量分析法检测巨噬细胞条件培养基(MφCM)对体外培养的生后7天SD大鼠小脑皮质神经元的作用。实验结果表明,MφCM具有支持神经元生存及增强其活性的作用。此作用以细胞密度1×10~5/孔,MφCM加入量10μl/孔为显著(P<0.05)。不同分子量的MφCM对神经元的作用亦有不同,>10KD分子量的MφCM比<10KD的作用强。     

小鼠骨髓内皮细胞无血清条件培养液及其超滤组分对粒巨噬系祖细胞生长的影响

本研究通过传代培养小鼠骨髓内皮细胞系细胞,收集无血清条件培养液(mBMECCM),将其作多级串联超滤,获得分子量大于10、3～10、1～3、05～1kD和小于05kD超滤组分。进行粒巨噬系造血祖细胞集落形成试验,检测了它们的作用。mBMECCM和3～10kD组分对粒巨噬系祖细胞(CFUGM)生长未见明显影响,而分子量大于10kD和05～1kD组分促进CFUGM的增殖,分子量1～3kD和小于05kD组分则抑制CFUGM的增殖。这4种超滤组分对CFUGM生长的效应均有剂量依赖性。这些结果提示,在体外培养条件下,小鼠骨髓内皮细胞分泌若干种活性成分,分别对CFUGM的生长起促进或抑制作用     

电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经元GluR-2表达的影响

目的探讨电针对短暂性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤区神经元谷氨酸受体-2(GluR-2)表达的影响及其意义。方法手术制作中动脉栓塞(MCAO)大鼠模型;应用免疫组织化学方法检测海马CA1区GluR-2的定位表达,并应用免疫印迹(Western blot)方法对其进行定量分析。结果免疫组化结果:正常组、假手术组大鼠海马CA1区GluR-2的阳性反应强度无明显差别(P>0.05);MCAO模型组大鼠海马CA1区GluR-2的阳性反应比正常组和假手术组明显减弱(P<0.05);电针 MCAO模型组海马CA1区GluR-2的阳性反应比手术组明显增强,但比正常组和假手术组仍显偏弱(P<0.05)。Western blot结果与免疫组化结果一致。结论本试验的结果提示电针针刺可上调GluR-2的表达,从而对神经元起到一定保护作用。     

EFFECT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM ON IONIC METABOLISM AND Na-K ACTIVATED ATP PHOSPHOHYDROLASE ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN1

The effects of neonatal hypothyroidism on electrolyte contents and the Na⁺ and K⁺ activated ATPase system was studied in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the developing rat. Neonatal hypothyroidism increased Na⁺ and CI^? contents and decreased K⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents in both brain areas. Hypothyroidism also resulted in a decrease in the specific activity of the Na-K ATPase extracted by deoxycholate treatment from brain homogenate as well as in the specific activity of this enzyme in the heavy microsomal fraction. The decrease in Mg²⁺ content and ATPase activity is discussed in relation to the changes occurring in Na⁺ and K⁺. Both enzymic and ionic changes may underlie the biochemical and physiological abnormalities observed when the brain is deprived of thyroxine at critical stages of its development.     

THE EFFECT OF ISCHAEMIA AND RECIRCULATION ON PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT BRAIN

Abstract— Rats were subjected to cerebral compression ischaemia for 15min and were subsequently recirculated with blood for periods up to 3 h. In vivo incorporation of intravenously administered L-[1–¹⁴C]valine into total brain proteins was found to be severely inhibited (about 20% of controls) after 45 min of recirculation. After 3 h, protein synthesis had increased, the specific radioactivity of proteins then being about 40% of controls. The post-ischaemic inhibition of protein synthesis was accompanied by a breakdown in polyribosomes and a concomitant increase in ribosomal subunits. In vitro incorporation of L-[1–¹⁴C]phenylalanine by a postmitochondrial supernatant system derived from animals subjected to 15 min ischaemia and 15 min recirculation was also severely reduced and showed, in contrast to control animals, no response to the addition of a specific inhibitor of polypeptide chain initiation (Poly(I)). Together with the in vivo accumulation of ribosomal subunits this indicates a block in peptide chain initiation during the early stages of recirculation.
Polyribosomes from animals subjected to 15 min ischaemia without recirculation showed a normal rate of in vitro protein synthesis which was inhibited by Poly(I) to a similar extent as polyribosomes from control animals. These results suggest that the post-ischaemic inhibition in chain initiation develops during the early stages of recirculation rather than during the ischaemic period itself.     

THE EFFECT OF A LOW PROTEIN DIET AND EXOGENOUS INSULIN ON BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN AND ITS METABOLITES IN THE WEANLING RAT

—Male Wistar rats aged 24 days were divided into three groups. Two groups were given a high protein (250 g/kg casein) and a low protein (30 g/kg casein) diet respectively. The third group was given an amount of the high protein diet containing the same amount of energy as that consumed by the low protein diet rats. The plasma of the animals on low protein contained 20% of the concentration of tryptophan of animals on the other two diets. In these animals the concentration of tryptophan was reduced in the forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem, and the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were reduced in the forebrain and brain stem. The low protein diet decreased the total uptake of l -[G-³H]tryptophan into the brain and its incorporation into brain protein. Plasma insulin concentrations were reduced in the low protein and ‘restricted high protein’ animals and the plasma corticosterone concentration was raised in the low protein animals. Exogenous insulin did not raise the plasma tryptophan concentration in the low protein animals but it increased the uptake of l -[G-³H]tryptophan into the brain and its incorporation into protein. Rehabilitation for 7 days restored the plasma and brain tryptophan concentrations and those of brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to control values.     

狗骨髓长期培养的贴壁层细胞及条件培养液对粒系祖细胞的影响

本文报告狗骨髓长期培养的初步研究结果。采用马血清与狗血清混合加入培养体系中,可建立起比较稳定的贴壁细胞层,可以维持19周以上。但是,这种贴壁层不能有效地维持造血干细胞的增殖与分化,上清液中血细胞与GM-CFU_C的数目,在第二次接种骨髓后2—3周即迅速下降。狗骨髓培养的条件液中存在着抑制GM-CFU_C生长的物质,但它对小鼠骨髓GM-CFU_C和CFU-S无影响。如以贴壁细胞作为底层,用双层琼脂平皿培养法与正常狗骨髓共同培养,发现贴壁细胞不仅没有抑制反而有加强CSF刺激GM-CFU_C生长的作用。因此对狗骨髓长期培养体系不能长期支持造血干细胞生长和繁殖的可能原因尚须作进一步探索。     

THE EFFECT OF THIAMINE DEFICIENCY ON THE ACETYLCOENZYMEA AND ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS IN THE RAT BRAIN

Abstract— It is shown that transketolase activities in red blood cells and whole brain of normal and thiamine-deficient rats correlate well with heart frequencies.
The effect of thiamine depletion on the levels of acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and acetylcholine (ACh), and on the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, choline acetyl-transferase and acetylcholine esterase was studied in whole brains of thiamine-deficient, thiamine-supplemented ad libitum and pair-fed rats. The concentrations of acetyl-CoA and ACh decreased in thiamine-deficient brains by 42 and 35 per cent, respectively.
Total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity did not change during vitamin B₁ deficiency. The 'resolved' enzyme, reconstituted with thiamine diphosphate, had an association constant of 5.4 × 10⁻⁶ m . Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase activities remained unchanged in thiamine deficiency.
Possible mechanisms which could explain the reduced Ach levels in vitamin B₁ deficiency are discussed.     

凝血酶诱导大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡及其与Bcl-2及Bax表达变化关系的实验研究

目的研究不同浓度凝血酶诱导海马神经元凋亡的作用及其机制.方法将原代培养新生大鼠海马神经元分为对照组,凝血酶组(1U/ml,10U/ml,20U/ml,40U/ml),凝血酶受体激活肽组.应用TUNEL及流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞数及凋亡百分率,免疫细胞化学方法检测Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达.结果低浓度凝血酶组(1U/ml)凋亡细胞数和凋亡率与对照组无差异,Bcl-2表达增加;随凝血酶浓度增加,TUNEL阳性细胞数及凋亡率明显增多,Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低.凝血酶受体激活肽的作用与大剂量凝血酶类似.结论凝血酶可能通过激活PAR-1受体诱导凋亡,凋亡呈剂量依赖性.Bcl-2的表达减少,Bax的表达增加,Bcl-2/Bax降低可能为高浓度凝血酶诱导凋亡的机制之一.