生物技术的未来和青年科学家－“第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会”BP青年科学家和研究生奖

历经半个世纪,由国际纯粹及应用化学联合会（IUPAC）创办的世界上目前规模最大、影响最广的“国际生物技术大会”（International Biotechnology Symposium—IBS）首次在中国举行。本届大会为第13届大会,于2008年10月12～17日在中国北方著名旅游城市－大连召开,会议有来自80多个国家和地区的2000多名代表参会。为了鼓励生物技术领域的青年科学家和研究生参会,促进全球生物技术青年人才的培养,本届大会在该会的历史上首次设立了“青年科学家及研究生奖”（YSSA）,由英国石油公司（BP）冠名赞助。来自世界各国的119名青年学者参与了该奖的竞争,经过两轮初选、口头报告评选,来自7个国家的20名40岁以下青年学者获奖。其中10人来自中国,较好地展示了中国青年生物技术人才的研究水平。他们的研究课题涵盖了生物医药、能源、海洋、环境和生物信息学等领域,反映了生物技术科学的前沿。     

第二十届国际生物技术大会BIO在美国芝加哥隆重召开

国际生物技术大会B10是生物技术界的盛事，第二十届B10大会于2013年4月22～25日在美国芝加哥召开，由美国生物技术产业组织（Biotechnology Industry Organization）主办。参会者来自62个国家，总人数为13594万人（美国以外的5700人）。参会人数最多的国家是美国，其余依次排序是日本、韩国、中国、巴西、土耳其、澳大利亚。     

第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会即将在大连举行

始于1960年,每四年举办一届、各大洲轮流举办并首次登陆中国的第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会（IBS-2008）将于2008年10月13日在大连举行。（IBS-2008）是生物技术领域公认的规模最大、学术水平最高、社会影响最强的国际盛会,堪称是生物技术领域的奥林匹克大会。本次大会邀请生物技术领域取得突出成就而享誉全球的一百五十多位科学家做学术报告,包括3位诺贝尔奖获得者,     

第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会即将在大连举行

始于1960年,每四年举办一届、各大洲轮流举办并首次登陆中国的第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会（IBS-2008）将于2008年10月13日在大连举行。（IBS-2008）是生物技术领域公认的规模最大、学术水平最高、社会影响最强的国际盛会,堪称是生物技术领域的奥林匹克大会。本次大会邀请生物技术领域取得突出成就而享誉全球的一百五十多位科学家做学术报告,包括3位诺贝尔奖获得者,数十位各国科学院和工程院院士及多位国际上著名的生物技术公司CEO和的研发部门CTO等。     

2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会

为加强国际农业生物技术学术交流,广泛开展国际合作,进一步推动国际农业生物技术的研究和产业开发,经中国黑龙江省人民政府批准,由中国黑龙江省农业科学院、英国皇家农业大学、中国生物工程学会和香港文汇报共同主办的“2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会”将于2005年9月在中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市举行。会议将邀请世界著名生物技术专家及学者与会做学术报告,     

2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会

为加强国际农业生物技术学术交流,广泛开展国际合作,进一步推动国际农业生物技术的研究和产业开发,经中国黑龙江省人民政府批准,由中国黑龙江省农业科学院、英国皇家农业大学、中国生物工程学会和香港文汇报共同主办的“2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会”将于2005年9月在中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市举行。会议将邀请世界著名生物技术专家及学者与会做学术报告,共同探讨农业生物技术领域最新研究动态、前瞻技术及未来发展方向,引导产、学、研相结合,打造国际合作平台,加速我国农业生物技术发展,更好地为解决“三农”服务。     

2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会

为加强国际农业生物技术学术交流,广泛开展国际合作。进一步推动国际农业生物技术的研究和产业开发,经中国黑龙江省人民政府批准,由中国黑龙江省农业科学院、英国皇家农业大学、中国生物工程学会和香港文汇报共同主办的“2005中国黑龙江国际农业生物技术峰会”将于2005年9月在中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市举行。会议将邀请世界著名生物技术专家及学者与会做学术报告,     

新的国际农业生物技术合作在北京起步

利用生物技术解除人类营养和农业生产中的危机 ,仍然存在这样那样的问题。当今世界 ,绝大多数农业商用生物技术无不以压倒一切的优势 ,效力于发达国家 ,而对于贫穷国家的需求则视若无睹。有鉴于此 ,世界各国的生物技术学家 ,于 1999年 5月 19～ 2 1日 ,在北京召开了“植物生物技术研究和合作会议”。这次盛会由国际基因工程和生物技术中心 (ＩＣＧＥＢ) (意大利的里雅斯特和印度新德里 )、伊比利亚半岛—美洲科学和技术发展计划署(ＣＹＴＥＤ) (西班牙马德里 )、国际热带农业中心(ＣＩＡＴ) (哥伦比亚卡利 )以及中国的一些政府部门包括中国…     

第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会即将在大连举行

始于1960年,每四年举办一届、各大洲轮流举办并首次登陆中国的第13届国际生物技术大会暨展览会（IBS-2008）将于2008年10月13日在大连举行。（IBS-2008）是生物技术领域公认的规模最大、学术水平最高、社会影响最强的国际盛会,堪称是生物技术领域的奥林匹克大会。     

发展工业生物技术支撑绿色经济增长——记第四届中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛

2010年4月25号,以“发展工业生物技术支撑绿色经济增长”为主题的第四届工业生物技术发展高峰论坛在湖州隆重举行。本次大会是由中国科学院生命科学与生物技术局、科技部中国生物技术发展中心、国家发展和改革委员会高技术产业司和湖州市人民政府联合主办的。一批承担国家“973“、“863”项目等重要科研任务的科研骨干,海外归来加盟国内团队的科技新锐、青年学者以及企业代表齐聚一团,围绕工业生物技术产业各领域的研发动态,共同探讨工业生物技术的发展及其发展绿色经济的潜力和发展前景。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.