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非损伤性取样研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
非损伤性取样即在不捕获、触及,甚至是未亲眼见到动物的情况下,收集不同形式的样品获取样品中的DNA。通过介绍各种类型非损伤性取样的研究进展,就该取样存在的问题及现有解决方法进行讨论,并在此基础上对非损伤性取样的研究和应用前景进行了分析,以期对进一步研究提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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相比于其他取样方法,非损伤性取样对动物的伤害可以降到最低,因而在动物保护研究中有着重要的价值。在两栖类中通过体表擦拭进行非损伤性取样的方法已有报道,但是相关研究仅局限于零星物种,且均是在实验室环境下完成取样,并不适用于野外就地取样。本研究对四川申果庄省级大熊猫自然保护区内有尾两栖类及无尾两栖类6科10属11种进行了就地擦拭取样。线粒体基因序列分析表明,体表擦拭取样法获得的DNA能满足常规的分子生物学实验要求,可用于水生、陆栖等各种两栖动物类群,可在两栖类保护遗传学研究中广泛应用。 相似文献
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雪豹(Panthera uncia)隶属于食肉目猫科豹属,是生活在青藏高原及其周边地区的旗舰物种。随着分子生物学和高通量测序技术的发展,雪豹保护遗传学和保护基因组学研究得到快速的发展,其中非损伤性遗传取样法显著推动了雪豹保护遗传学研究。本文综述了非损伤性遗传取样法在雪豹物种鉴定、个体识别和性别鉴定等研究中的应用,雪豹的系统发生地位、系统地理格局和种群遗传结构及其亚种争议、演化历史、适应性演化和基因组特征等保护遗传学和基因组学方面的研究现状和进展,并对雪豹保护遗传学和基因组学未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进雪豹保护生物学研究和保护对策的科学制定。 相似文献
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粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,采用非损伤性取样方法监测野生动物的生理状况越来越受到重视。本文对检测过程中影响动物粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的因素进行了分析总结,包括样品的新鲜程度、样品量和保存方法;激素代谢的日节律和季节性变化;动物的年龄、性别和繁殖状态等,以期为粪便类固醇激素检测技术在野生动物中的准确应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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粪便取样对亚洲黑熊脑源性神经营养因子基因全长序列分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
沿用本室改进的粪便提取方法,参照马来熊BDNF基因序列设计引物,首次从亚洲黑熊粪便DNA中扩增和克隆到包含完整核BDNF基因的753 bp片段,以毛发作阳性对照并进行重复实验,获得稳定一致结果。序列分析表明,亚洲黑熊的BDNF基因非常保守,与人相比,一致性达94.5%,与大熊猫比达98.9%。在推导的多肽序列中,其成熟区氨基酸序列与所有已报道哺乳动物的完全一致;对亚洲黑熊及其相关物种BDNF基因序列的比较分析,发现大熊猫与包括黑熊在内的熊科动物亲缘关系更近,而与小熊猫较远。文章首次采用非损伤性取样法在分子生物学水平对亚洲黑熊基因组核BDNF基因进行分析,不仅为亚洲黑熊的保护和繁育提供重要参考资料,为非损伤性取样在珍稀濒危野生动物研究中的应用拓宽了思路,也为亚洲黑熊及其近缘种的系统分类研究提供分子证据。 相似文献
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对影响哺乳动物粪便DNA提取相关因素的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从动物粪便中提取DNA是一种优秀的非损伤性取样方法,然而在实际操作中成功提取高质量粪便DNA却是一件不太容易的事情.粪便DNA的获取不仅与提取方法有关,还受到样品采集、保存、二次取样、预处理等相关环节的影响,对其中任一环节的忽视都会导致试验达不到理想效果.综合国内外具有代表性的哺乳动物粪便DNA提取技术,对有关环节进行了详细的评述,并对PCR扩增中的常见问题进行了分析和讨论. 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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