中国鸢尾属植物根茎中异黄酮类成分分布的初步研究及其系统 …

本文对茑尾属Ｉｒｉｓ２２个种（基本上包括了各个亚属的代表）及其近缘属干属Ｂｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａ的射干Ｂ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．进行了根茎的异黄酮类成分的比较分析研究。结果表明,茑尾属植物和射干中普遍具有异黄酮类成分,这是它们的特征性成分之一。根据化学成分的特征,茑尾属可以分为两大类群：只含世黄酮甙元的类群和既含异黄酮甙又含甙元的类群。从化学成分的分布特征来看,无附属物亚属ｓｕｂｇｅｎ．Ｌｉ     

中国东属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发,对国产栎属31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状,聚粒状两种主要类型,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点,栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点;在佐以其他证据的情况下,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值。     

中国栎属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发 ,对国产栎属 31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值 ;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状、聚颗粒状两种主要类型 ,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点 ;栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化 ,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点 ;在佐以其他证据的情况下 ,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值     

国产鸢尾属尼泊尔鸢尾亚属的研究

研究报道了国产鸢尾属尼泊尔鸢尾亚属植物,确认国产该亚属植物为三种一变种。     

黄射干的异黄酮类成分

从黄射干Ｉｒｉｓｔｅｃｔｏｒｕｍ的甲醇抽提物中分到５个异黄酮：鸢尾黄酮甲素（１）,鸢尾花素（２）,野鸢尾黄酮（３）,鸢尾黄酮（４）,鸢尾黄酮甙（５）。化合物（１）和（２）系首次从黄射干中分到。所有成分经详细光谱分析确定。     

石竹属植物叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对石竹属12个种的植物叶表皮特征进行观察,统计并测量叶表皮气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔指数。结果表明,石竹属植物叶表皮细胞形态(表面观)为长方形和不规则多边形。乳突只存在于针叶石竹、高石竹和细茎石竹中。按气孔形状可将其分为了3个类型:椭圆形、卵圆形和长方形。研究结果对石竹属的系统分类和种间亲缘关系研究具有一定的参考价值。     

甘草属植物叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

应用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,在光学显微镜下观察了国产甘草属植物10种1变种共16个代表植物的叶表皮特征。统计并测量叶表皮气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔指数。结果表明,该属植物叶表皮细胞形态(表面观)为多边形和不规则形,垂周壁式样为平直、浅波缘、深波缘;气孔器有6种类型,以无规则型、不等型、短平列型为主,一种植物往往具有2~3种气孔器;毛状体为单毛和鳞片毛两种类型。以上特征在属以下、种以上的分类等级具有一定规律性,有的也表现出种间差异,对甘草属属以下等级的划分有重要价值,同时也为本属一些分类群间的系统关系的探讨提供佐证。     

中国梅花草属植物的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对梅花草属Parnassia 30种植物的叶表皮进行了观察。结果表明:气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,均为无规则型。叶表皮细胞形状为多边形或不规则形;垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、浅波状和波状。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;一些种的保卫细胞两端有加厚;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒或小孔穴。气孔器类型及下表皮细胞形状的一致性表明梅花草属是一个自然分类群;sect. Saxifragastrum叶表皮特征具有多样性显示该组可能是一个复合群;突隔梅花草P. delavayi属于subsect. Xiphosandra,其气孔下陷,与其细胞学特征相似,支持独立为一组;此外,气孔器的分布、保卫细胞两端加厚、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值。     

鸢尾属植物的化学成分及其生物活性

鸢尾科鸢尾属植物的主要化学成分是黄酮类化合物,这类化合物具有广泛的生物活性。本文对近年来该属植物的分布,化学成分的分类及生物活性进行了综述。     

A preliminary study on the distribution pattern of isoflavones in rhizomes of Iris from China and its systematic significance

A comparative isoflavonoid analysis of 22 species of Iris, representing almost all the subgenera, and one species of its allied genus Balamcanda, B. chinensis (L.) DC. was carried out by TLC, with iridin, tectoridin, irigenin, tectorigenin, irisfloretin, dichotomin, wogonin, rhamnazin, apocynin, androsin being used as authentic compounds. The results show that the isoflavones are the characteristic constituents of Iris and Belamcanda. According to the distribution pattern of isoflavones, the Iris species here studied can be divided into 2 groups; one contains isoflavonoid aglycons, while the other contains both glycosides and isoflavonoid aglycons. From the point view of chemosystematics, subgen. Limniris contains isoflavonoid aglycons only and might be a natural group; subgen. Crossiris might be also a natural group when Iris speculatrix Hance is excluded; subgen. Pardanthopsis is similar to B. chinensis in the chemical constituent might be a primitive group in Iris and has close relationship with subgen. Crossiris, subgen. Xyridion and subgen. Iris. Based on the evidence from phytochemistry, palynology and cytology, Iris cathayensis Migo and I. mandshurica Pall. are considered intermediate groups between subgen. Limniris and subgen. Iris and I. speculatrix Hance an intermediate group between subgen. Limniris and subgen.Crossiris, while I. confusa Sealy and I. wattii Baker might be conspecific.     

A New Species of Iris from China

One new species of the genus Iris(Iridaceae), Iris Psammocola Y.T.Zhao, is des-cribed from Ningxia Autonomoeus Region, China.     

Metabolic profiling of rhizomes of native populations of the strictly endemic Croatian species Iris adriatica

Iris adriatica Trinajsti? ex Miti? (Iridaceae L.) is a strictly endemic taxon from Croatia. It is a rhizomatous dwarf plant from the I. pumila complex with a distribution area limited to the Croatian part of the Mediterranean area, mainly central Dalmatia. The genus Iris is known for its richness in isoflavonoids which also play a significant role in chemotaxonomy and biological activity. Hence, in the current study, different plant batches of I. adriatica collected in early spring of 2016 were analysed for their phytochemical profiles and qualitatively compared. UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analyses of methanolic rhizome extracts were performed. Altogether, 36 compounds, representing isoflavonoids (including 6,7-methylendioxy derivatives), benzophenones and xanthones were found as aglycones or in glycosidically bound form to be the main constituent groups of I. adriatica rhizomes. Qualitative results were identical between different batches of plant material from collection sites in central Dalmatia, they differed only in quantity. For some phenolic compounds of I. adriatica, chemotaxonomic relevance was detected.     

国产13种鸢尾属植物的核型研究

对中国产13种鸢尾属Iris植物进行了核型研究。其中中甸鸢尾I.subdichotoma、长葶鸢尾I.delavayi、大锐果鸢尾I.cuniculiformis为中国特有。大锐果鸢尾的染色体数目及核型为首次报道,核型公式为2n=22=4m 6sm 12st(2SAT)。长管鸢尾I.dolichosiphon的核型为首次报道,核型公式为2n=22=4m 12sm 6st。中甸鸢尾的染色体数目为新报道,核型公式为2n=42=20m 22sm。矮紫苞鸢尾I.ruthenicavar.nana的染色体数目为新报道,3个居群的染色体数目均为2n=42,核型公式分别为中甸居群2n=42=30m 12sm(2SAT),丽江甘海子居群2n=42=28m 14sm(2SAT),中甸尼西居群2n=42=36m 6sm(4SAT)。结合以往的细胞学研究结果,显示尼泊尔鸢尾亚属subgen.Nepalensis是一个染色体数目变化较大的类群,其中的中甸鸢尾可能是联系野鸢尾属Pardanthopsis与尼泊尔鸢尾亚属的重要类群。已报道的紫苞鸢尾I.ruthenica染色体数目为2n=84,与我们所研究的变种矮紫苞鸢尾(2n=42)呈倍性关系,通过与相邻类群的分析比较,认为紫苞鸢尾应是由二倍体类群演化而来。还对鸢尾属内染色体数目的变化和核型进化的趋势进行了探讨。     

Taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological implications of the leaf anatomy of rhizomatous Iris species

The leaf anatomy of the rhizomatous Iris species with ensiform leaves and the related genera Pardanthopsis and Belamcanda is described. Their isobilateral leaves may or may not have a pseudo-dorsiventral structure. Variable characters of their leaf blades include: outline in transverse section, height and shape of papillae, form and structure of stomata, transverse section outline of marginal fibre strands and sclerenchy matous inner bundle sheath at phloem and xylem poles, forms of mesophyll arrangement, mesophyll structure and air canals, vascular bundle arrangement and the detailed structure of the larger vascular bundles, distribution of tannin, size and distribution of crystals. The taxonomic and ecological significance of these characters has been evaluated.
The anatomical characteristics of 25 supraspecific taxa in three genera are presented and compared in tables. The relationships and evolutionary position of these taxa are discussed. Each of the three subgroups within Iris appears to be correlated with a syndrome of anatomical characters. Some species currently of uncertain taxonomic position are discussed, and their classification based on anatomical data is suggested.
Some characters related to xeromorphy or helomorphy are mentioned.     

Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China

Cytological studies were carried out for 13 taxa in the genus Iris from China, of which three species, namely I. subdichotoma, I. delavayi and I. cuniculiformis were endemic to China. The chromosome numbers in somatic cells for each taxon were as follows: I. subdichotoma, 2n=42; I. japonica, 2n=34; I. wattii, 2n=30; I. laevigata, 2n=32; I. ruthenica var. nana, 2n=42; I. collettii, 2n=28; I. dolichosiphon and I. cuniculiformis, 2n=22; I. bulleyana, I. delavayi, I. chrysographes, I. forrestii, and I. lactea var. chinensis, 2n=40. The chromosome number and karyotype of I. cuniculiformis were reported here for the first time and its karyotype formula was 2n=22=4m+6sm+12st(2SAT). The karyotype of I. dolichosiphon was also firstly reported, whose karyotype formula was 2n=22=4m+12sm+6st. The chromosome number and karyotype of I. subdichotoma was newly observed, whose karyotype formula was 2n=42=20m+22sm. Three populations of I. ruthenica var. nana from different localities were investigated and all the three populations had the same chromosome numbers different than previously reported. The karyotype formulae for I. ruthenica var. nana were shown as follows: Zhongdian population, 2n=42=30m+12sm (2SAT); Lijiang population, 2n=42=28m+14sm(2SAT); Nixi population, 2n=42=36m+6sm (4SAT). In addition, the 2n chromosome numbers of three subgenera Limniris, Iris and Nepalensis in the genus Iris from present results and previous reports were summarized. The results showed that the chromosome number varied considerably in subgen. Nepalensis, in which I. subdichotoma was possibly a key species between the genus Pardanthopsis and subgen. Nepalensis. Chromosome number of I. ruthenica was reported as 2n=84 which was twice as much as its variety I. ruthenica var. nana (2n=42) we observed. By comparing with related groups, I. ruthenica is likely to derive from diploid group. Finally, variation of chromosome number and evolutional tendency of karyotype in the genus Iris were also discussed.     

中国滇芎属果实解剖特征及分类学意义

应用比较解剖学方法对国产滇芎属(Physospermopsis Wolff)以及瘤果芹属(Trachydium Lindl.)和棱子芹属(Pleurospermum Hoffm.)共10种植物果实横切面的解剖特征进行了系统研究,比较分析了分生果的压扁程度、果棱大小、果壁各层果皮的特点、油管数目、胚乳形状等,归纳出上述各属果实的解剖特征,同时结合外部形态及花粉特征,将滇芎属果实分为3个类型.结合已有的研究结果,探讨了滇芎属果实的进化趋势以及属下分类和种间关系,并分析了与瘤果芹属和棱子芹属的演化关系,认为滇芎属果实较后二者果实演化程度低.     

旋花科植物雄性细胞的细胞质DNA存在状况及其系统学意义

用DAPI荧光染色方法检测了旋花科4属4种植物——空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. 、茑萝 Qua- moclit pennata (Desr．)Boj．、月光花 Calonyction aculeatum(L．)House和日本菟丝子Cuscuta japonica Choisy 中生殖细胞和精细胞中细胞质DNA存在的状况。证明除日本菟丝子外,其余3种植物的雄性细胞中都 存在细胞质DNA。此外,在我们曾研究过的5种旋花科种植物的生殖细胞和精细胞中亦显示含有细胞质 DNA,因而可认为这是旋花科较普遍的特性,日本菟丝子精细胞中缺少细胞质DNA,可作为—个新的胚胎学证据,支持此属从旋花科分出独立为菟丝子科。