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1.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, closely related to watermelon, is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family. This plant is a drought-tolerant species
with a deep root system, widely distributed in the Sahara-Arabian deserts in Africa and the Mediterranean region. cDNA amplified
fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) was used to study differential gene expression in roots of seedlings in response
to a 20% polyethylene glycol-(PEG8000) induced drought stress treatment. Eighteen genes which show similarity to known function
genes were confirmed by quantitative relative (RQ) real-time RT-PCR to be differentially regulated. These genes are involved
in various abiotic and biotic stress and developmental responses. Dynamic changes with tissue-specific pattern were detected
between 0 and 48 h of PEG treatment. In general, the highest induction levels in roots occurred earlier than in shoots, because
the highest expression was detected in roots following 4 and 12 h, in shoots following 12 and 48 h of drought. These drought-responsive
genes were also affected by the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), or jasmonic acid (JA), indicating
an extensive cross-talk between drought and plant hormones. Collectively, these results will be useful to explore the functions
of these multiple signal-inducible genes for unveiling the relationship and crosstalk between different signaling pathways. 相似文献
2.
I. M. Huseynova S. Y. Suleymanov S. M. Rustamova J. A. Aliyev 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2009,74(8):903-909
Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars contrasting in architectonics and differing in drought resistance, Azamatli-95 (short stature, vertically oriented
small leaves, drought-tolerant) and Giymatli-2/17 (short stature, broad and drooping leaves, drought-sensitive), were studied.
It was found that the content of CP I (115 kDa) and 63-kDa apoprotein P700 and also LHC II polypeptides increases slightly
in the drought-resistant cv. Azamatli-95 under extreme water supply limitation, while their content decreases in drought-sensitive
cv. Giymatli-2/17. The intensity of synthesis of α- and β-subunits of CF1 (55 and 53.5 kDa) and 33–30.5 kDa proteins also decreases in the sensitive genotype. The intensity of short wavelength peaks
at 687 and 695 nm sharply increases in the fluorescence spectra (77K) of chloroplasts from Giymatli-2/17 under water deficiency,
and there is a stimulation of the ratio of fluorescence band intensity F687/F740. After exposure to drought, cv. Giymatli-2/17
shows a larger reduction in the actual PS II photochemical efficiency of chloroplasts than cv. Azamatli-95.
Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2009, Vol. 74, No. 8, pp. 1109–1116. 相似文献
3.
Xiaojun Hu Zhengbin Zhang Weiqiang Li Zhenyan Fu Shuxin Zhang Ping Xu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(6):1111-1118
4.
Methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with RNA, DNA and protein, which generally results in a number
of side advert effects to cell. Glyoxalase I is a member of glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal. An EST encoding
a glyoxalase I was isolated from a SSH (suppression subtractive hybridization)-cDNA library of wheat spike inoculated by Fusarium graminearum. The corresponding full length gene, named TaGly I, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. Its genomic sequence consists of 2,719 bp, including seven exons and six introns,
and its coding sequence is 929 bp with an open reading frame encoding 291 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed that there
were two glyoxalase I domains in the deduced protein sequence. By using specific primers, TaGly I was mapped to chromosome 7D of wheat via a set of durum wheat ‘Langdon’ D-genome disomic-substitution lines. The result of
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that TaGly I was induced by the inoculation of Fusarium graminearum in wheat spikes. Additionally, it was also induced by high concentration of NaCl and ZnCl2. When TaGly I was overexpressed in tobacco leaves via Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection, the transgenic tobacco showed stronger tolerance to ZnCl2 stress relative to transgenic control with GFP. The above facts indicated that TaGly I might play a role in response to diverse stresses in plants. 相似文献
5.
Silvina Larran Analía Perelló María Rosa Simón Virginia Moreno 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(4):565-572
In order to study the species composition of endophytes from wheat healthy plants in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) and
to determine their infection frequencies from leaves, stems, glumes and grains, wheat plants were collected from five cultivars
at five growth stages from crop emergence to harvest. A total of 1,750 plant segments (leaves, stems, glumes and grains) were
processed from the five wheat cultivars at five growth stages, and 722 isolates of endophytic fungi recovered were identified
as 30 fungal genera. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Epicoccum nigrum, Cryptococcus sp., Rhodotorula rubra, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium graminearum were the fungi that showed the highest colonization frequency (CF%) in all the tissues and organs analysed. The number of
taxa isolated was greater in the leaves than those in the other organs analysed. 相似文献
6.
Rajender Singh Umesh Goutam R. K. Gupta G. C. Pandey Jag Shoran Ratan Tiwari 《Journal of genetics》2009,88(3):325-329
7.
Baili Feng Huan Yu Yingang Hu Xiaoli Gao Jinfeng Gao Dongli Gao Songwu Zhang 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(6):1229-1235
Crop canopy temperature reflects the interactions among plants, soil and atmosphere. Through a long-term investigation into
physiological characteristics of different canopy temperature wheat, it is found that some wheat exist a high canopy temperature
while others a low one, which was closely correlated with their corresponding performance. Under simulated drought conditions,
the physiological aspects of different canopy temperature wheat, such as leaf functional duration, chlorophyll content, activities
of superoxide dismutase, protein content, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate, etc., were investigated, the result
showed that wheat with low canopy temperature could maintain superiority to wheat with high canopy temperature in those physiological
traits. Therefore, the low canopy temperature in wheat could be used as an index to evaluate physiological capacities of wheat
under drought conditions and also as a useful marker for wheat breeding for drought tolerance. 相似文献
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9.
Mercedes Soriano Luis Cistué María P. Vallés Ana M. Castillo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,91(3):225-234
The aim of this work was to study the effects of colchicine application on chromosome doubling and androgenic response in
anther and microspore culture of different bread wheat genotypes. Colchicine was applied during a mannitol stress pretreatment
or during the first 48 h of culture at concentrations of 0, 150 and 300 mg l−1. When colchicine was applied during stress pretreatment, the percentage of doubling depended on genotype and concentration.
A significant increase in doubling was observed with 300 mg l−1 in the low androgenic responding cv. Caramba. Colchicine incorporation during the first hours of culture improved percentage
of doubling in all genotypes, in both anther and microspore culture. Application of 300 mg l−1 colchicine improved the percentage of doubling in the two low responding genotypes, to 118% of control in DH24033, and 75%
in Caramba in microspore and anther culture, respectively. Concerning the androgenic response, the effect of colchicine on
embryo formation and percentage of green plants depended on the genotype and on the culture method. In cv. Pavon, a 2- and
a 3-fold increase in percentage of embryogenesis and green plants, respectively, were obtained with 300 mg l−1 colchicine in microspore culture. However, no significant differences in these two variables were observed in anther culture.
The number of green doubled haploid (DH) plants reflects the index of success of the procedure. Regardless of the culture
method, when colchicine was incorporated during the first hours of culture, the number of green DH plants increased significantly
in three of four genotypes. These results confirm the usefulness of colchicine application during the first hours of culture
in wheat breeding programs. 相似文献
10.
Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova Klimentina Demirevska Tatyana Petrova Nikolay Tsenov Urs Feller 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,58(1):107-117
Field drought studies were performed in order to assess oxidative stress, proteolytic activity and yield loss under natural
stress conditions. Flag leaves of two drought-tolerant (Yantar and Zlatitsa) and two drought-sensitive (Miziya and Dobrudjanka)
winter wheat varieties were analyzed. Stress intensity was assessed by relative electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation.
Senescence progression was followed by loss of chlorophyll and protein. Lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and non-specific peroxidase (GPX) isoforms, as well as
proteolytic activities were analyzed from heading throughout grain filling. Weakening of membrane integrity and oxidative
damage to lipids were more pronounced in the sensitive varieties under field drought. The activities of Fe- and Cu/Zn SOD
isoforms decreased in the controls, but remained high in drought-treated plants. The activities of MnSOD isoforms and CAT
were enhanced towards grain filling, especially in the sensitive varieties under drought. GPX activities were rised under
drought but progressively diminished. Accelerated senescence under field drought was linked to higher proteolytic activity
with variety specific differences in the protease response, but without a clear correlation to drought resistance or sensitivity.
Field drought led to higher oxidative stress more pronounced for drought sensitive varieties, especially during the grain
filling period. 相似文献
11.
Valya Vassileva Constant Signarbieux Iwona Anders Urs Feller 《Journal of plant research》2011,124(1):147-154
Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, Sadovo, Katya and Prelom, with different tolerance to drought were comparatively evaluated in terms of leaf
respiratory responses to progressing dehydration and consecutive rewatering. Under drought stress, the respiration of all
varieties gradually decreased, as the drought-tolerant Katya showed the most pronounced decline at earlier stages of dehydration.
When water stress intensified, this genotype gave relatively stable respiration rates compared with the drought-sensitive
varieties. Additionally, dehydrated Katya leaves displayed lower stomatal conductance and higher photosynthesis values, which
resulted in greater water use efficiency during the dehydration period. Combination of drought stress and short-term changes
in leaf temperature also induced genotype-specific response that differed from the response to drought only. Over the whole
temperature range, the leaves of Katya exposed to dehydration for 14 days, showed higher respiration rates compared to the
drought-sensitive varieties. The sensitive varieties maintained higher respiration rates under control conditions and mild
dehydration, and very low rates under severe drought. In Katya, respiration and photosynthesis were fully restored from the
stress within the first day of rewatering. The drought-sensitive genotypes displayed a considerably slower recovering capacity.
The results are discussed in terms of possible physiological mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to drought. 相似文献
12.
Milka D. Brdar Marija M. Kraljević-Balalić Borislav Đ. Kobiljski 《Central European Journal of Biology》2008,3(1):75-82
Final grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose
of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important
variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain
filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among
grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions
and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant
impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate
on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements
in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual
grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions. 相似文献
13.
A cryopreservation method developed earlier was modified for freezing of calli derived from mature embryos of four spring
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pure lines. The effects of particular stages of cryopreservation protocol on water content, number of calli recovering
growth, and rate of morphogenesis were analyzed. Regrowth was observed in 90.5–100% of calli after dehydration and in 93.3–100%
after freezing-thawing. Dehydration, but not freeze-thawing significantly decreased the frequency of morphogenetic variation. 相似文献
14.
Lin Li Minghui Zheng Guangbing Deng Junjun Liang Haili Zhang Zhifen Pan Hai Long Maoqun Yu 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2016,36(3):23
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Breeding wheat varieties with drought tolerance is an effective and durable way to fight against drought. Here we reported introduction of AtHDG11 into wheat via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and analyzed the morphological and physiological characteristics of T2 generation transgenic lines under drought stress. With drought treatment for 30 days, transgenic plants showed significantly improved drought tolerance. Compared with controls, the transgenic lines displayed lower stomatal density, lower water loss rate, more proline accumulation and increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Without irrigation after booting stage, the photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and efficiency of excitation energy, were increased in transgenic lines, while transpiration rate was decreased. Moreover, the kernel yield of transgenic lines was also improved under drought condition. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AtHDG11 has great potential in genetic improvement of drought tolerance of wheat. 相似文献
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16.
Ahmed Faik Jaouad Abouzouhair Fathey Sarhan 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2007,277(1):97-97
17.
R. Ramirez-Malagon I. Aguilar-Ramirez A. Borodanenko L. Perez-Moreno J. L. Barrera-Guerra H. G. Nuñez-Palenius N. Ochoa-Alejo 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):660-665
Mammillaria species are the most numerous within Cactaceae family, and some of them are threatened with extinction as a result of human
activities. In this work, results of in vitro propagation are presented for ten Mammillaria species, testing 20 combinations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. Best results on shoot formation were obtained
using kinetin at two levels: 27.9 and 46.5 μM. All IAA levels tested were able to induce de novo shoot formation in M. bocasana, M. densispina, M. hahniana, M. hutchisoniana, M. orcutii, M. pectinifera, M. perbella, M. picta, M. rhodantha, and M. zephyranthoides. Depending on the IAA level tested, four responding groups were observed concerning their highest shoot-formation number.
For all species, the highest average of shoot formation was achieved with 5.7:46.5 or 11.4:46.5 μM IAA/kinetin, yielding 4.8
and 4.7 shoots per explant, respectively, in 60 d. Rooting of regenerated shoots was achieved by leaving the explants in their
shoot-induction medium or transferring them to half-strength MS medium. Hardening of regenerated plants was successfully achieved
by planting them in peat moss substrate after a desiccation treatment at room temperature for 3 d. 相似文献
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20.
Cloning and characterization of microRNAs from wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8