两例丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)重叠感染者的HCV核心区cDNA序列分析

从临床肝病患者中选择两例ＨＣＶ和ＨＢＶ重叠感染者ＨＳＱ和ＳＺＨ,他们血清中的生化指标丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）持续异常,肝活检病理示有严重的肝损伤。在ＡＬＴ异常期,血清学检测结果为ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性,抗ＨＣＶＩｇＧ（包括Ｃ２２、Ｃ３３ｃ）阴性,但套式ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性,核心区ｃＤＮＡ序列分析发现该区有１个密码子（ＧＧＣｎｔ３８５—３８７）缺失,对应缺失的氨基酸是甘氨酸（ＧＬＹ）,从血清学检测和序列分析结果推测,在ＨＣＶ和ＨＢＶ重叠感染中,ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ均可处于持续复制状态,抗ＨＣＶＩｇＧ抗体阴性可能是ＨＣＶ的多蛋白前体翻译和病毒颗粒装配受到ＨＢＶ干扰的结果。     

PCR与ELISA检测丙型肝炎病毒的比较

ＰＣＲ与ＥＬＩＳＡ检测丙型肝炎病毒的比较李京培王明丽史百芬陆应玉（安徽医科大学２３００３２）丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染后,患者血清中可以检测其特异的核酸序列ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ和抗－ＨＣＶ等。目前国内临床大多数ＨＣＶ的实验室诊断主要依靠抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ检查,但急性期抗体检出率仅能达到６０％（３７．６～８２．８％）,部分病例可呈阴性反应［１］。说明用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＣＶ有相当部分漏检,不能发现早期患...     

安徽省不同人群及各型肝炎患者庚型肝炎病毒感染检测分析

应用酶联免疫试验（ＥＩＡ）和逆转录套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）对１００ 例一般人群、３８５例献血员、５４ 例血液透析患者、７２ 例乙型肝炎、４１ 例丙型肝炎２７ 例非甲－戊型肝炎患者进行检测。结果抗－ＨＧＶ 阳性率分别为２．００％ 、７．５３％ 、２７．７８％ 、１８．０６％ 、１９．５１％ 和１４．８１％ ;抗－ＨＧＶ 阳性者中ＨＧＶＲＮＡ 阳性率分别为１００．００％ 、６２．０７％ 、６６．６７％ 、６９．２３％ 、７５．００％ 和 １００．００％ ,提示本地区不同人群存在ＨＧＶ 感染。献血员、血透患者、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、非甲－戊型肝炎患者的ＨＧＶ 感染率显著高于一般人群,提示献血员,血透患者及ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ 感染者是ＨＧＶ 感染的高危人群。ＨＧＶ 常与ＨＢＶ 或ＨＣＶ 重叠／联合感染,也可单独感染。抗－ＨＧＶ 阳性者中ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ 阳性率为８３．８２％ ,提示抗－ＨＧＶＥＩＡ 可用于ＨＧＶ 感染的检测。ＡＬＴ 正常和异常献血员中抗－ＨＧＶ 阳性率无显著性差异。     

糖基化对乙型肝炎表面抗原疫苗的影响

哺乳动物（ＣＨＯ）细胞表达的三种糖基化程度不同的乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）Ａ（含ＧＰ３０,ＧＰ２７,Ｐ２３）,Ｂ（含ＧＰ２７及Ｐ２３）,Ｃ（只有Ｐ２３）,在免疫原性、放置后抗原的稳定性以及对不同单克隆抗体亲和力等方面都有明显的差异;（１）免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠后血清中抗体工（ＥＤ５０）。平均结果为Ａ＝１：８０,Ｂ＝１：１１７,Ｃ＝１：１４,表明有糖基的ＨＢｓＡｇ疫苗对小鼠的免疫力明显高于无糖基的ＨＢ     

乙型肝炎IgM和IgG—补体双特异性循环免疫复合物的意义

对不同临床类型的乙型肝炎患者,采用捕捉法ＥＬＩＳＡ,以ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ类抗体排除抗原性异物的免疫反应进行比较研究。结果发现,两种反应能力在慢性ＨＢＣ感染中基本相同,表现出明显的病型差异,而在急性ＨＢＶ感染中则不同,前者反应强度显著主于后者;二者阳性率在慢性ＨＢＶ感染的临床类型中虽均随其肝损害加重而显著上升,但ＩｇＧ／Ｃ３双特异性循环免疫复合物与ＡＬＴ有关,而ＩｇＭ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ与ＡＬＴ无关;二者阳     

HBV套式PCR技术的建立及HBcAb血清的检测

本文实验设计了套式ＰＣＲ引物进行ＨＢＶＤＮＡ诊断。外引物限定ＨＢＶＣ基因的一个６１３ｂｐ片段,内引物限定其内－５０７ｂｐ的片段,扩增后产物被限制性内切酶图谱证明。该技术的特异性强,重复性好,灵敏性达到１－１０ｆｇ,对ＨＢＶ血清可做出明确诊断。应用这项技术,对４２例ＨＢｃＡｂ血清进行了检测,实验表明仅ＨＢｃＡｂ阳性血清同带ＨＢｓＡｇ的ＨＢｃＡｂ阳性血清一样,体内持续进行着大量ＨＢＶＤＡＮ复制。     

抗丙肝病毒核心抗原单克隆抗体的研制与初步鉴定

用基因工程重组技术获得的丙肝病毒（ＨＣＶ）核心蛋白抗原与鼠血清白蛋白交联后免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,用杂交瘤技术成功地建立了４株稳定分泌抗核心抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,试验结果表明,该４株ＭｃＡｂｓ与免疫抗原及核心区Ｃ３３肽、ＣＰ９、ＣＰ１０抗原有较强的抗原－抗体反应,与ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３、ＮＳ４、ＮＳ５无反应,在竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ中,对ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性血清有较好的抑制作用。４株ＭｃＡｂｓ中３株为ＩｇＧ２     

低氧对肺动脉内皮细胞PDGF—B链释放及平滑肌细胞生长的影响

应用蛋白ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ技术检测了低氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）和常氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＮＥＣＣＭ）内ＰＤＧＦ相对含量,并利用［３Ｈ］－ＴｄＲ掺入法和流式细胞术观察了ＨＥＣＣＭ和ＮＥＣＣＭ及加入特异ＰＤＧＦ抗体对肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）生长的影响。结果表明,ＨＥＣＣＭ中的ＰＤＧＦ含量明显高于ＮＥＣＣＭ;ＨＥＣＣＭ能明显增强ＰＡＳＭＣ内ＤＮＡ合成,促进ＰＡＳＭＣ从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１期进入Ｓ期;当预先加入ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ链抗体时,则会明显地抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ对ＰＡＳＭＣ的ＤＮＡ合成,阻止ＰＡＳＭＣ从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１期进入Ｓ期。结果提示,低氧时ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖与肺动脉内皮细胞分泌释放ＰＤＧＦ增加有关     

糖基化3－磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的含糖量及其构象变化

通过对ＧＡＰＤＨ及ｇＧＡＰＤＨ含糖量、ＣＤ、荧光及ＤＴＮＢ的修饰表明：用间氨基苯硼酸琼脂糖（ｍ－ＡＰＢＡ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ）亲和层析法分离的兔肌ｇＧＡＰＤＨ每分子含有１．８９个糖基。ｇＧＡＰＤＨ及ＧＡＰＤＨ的远紫外ＣＤ谱差别较小,但近紫外差别较明显。两者内源荧光在不同浓度的ＧｕＨＣｌ溶液中的变化亦有一定差异。ＤＴＮＢ对酶活性部位巯基的修饰表明,ｇＧＡＰＤＨ的ＤＴＮＢ修饰的快相一级动力学常数大于ＧＡＰＤＨ动力学常数一个数量级。以上结果提示：糖基化导致酶分子及活性部位的空间结构改变,糖基化位点可能发生在酶活性部位附近。     

糖基化3－磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的含糖量及其构象变化

通过对ＧＡＰＤＨ及ｇＧＡＰＤＨ含糖量、ＣＤ、荧光及ＤＴＮＢ的修饰表明：用间氨基苯硼酸琼脂糖（ｍ－ＡＰＢＡ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ）亲和层析法分离的兔肌ｇＧＡＰＤＨ每分子含有１．８９个糖基。ｇＧＡＰＤＨ及ＧＡＰＤＨ的远紫外ＣＤ谱差别较小,但近紫外差别较明显。两者内源荧光在不同浓度的ＧｕＨＣｌ溶液中的变化亦有一定差异。ＤＴＮＢ对酶活性部位巯基的修饰表明,ｇＧＡＰＤＨ的ＤＴＮＢ修饰的快相一级动力学常数大于ＧＡＰＤＨ动力学常数一个数量级。以上结果提示：糖基化导致酶分子及活性部位的空间结构改变,糖基化位点可能发生在酶活性部位附近。     

双单抗的免疫层析一步法用于早妊诊断的研究

在试管式、微孔式和斑点式的酶免测定法测定人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）的基础上,发展了应用双单克隆抗体的免疫层析一步法测定ＨＣＧ。此法用胶体金标记抗βＨＣＧ单克隆抗体,将抗αＨＣＧ单克隆抗体包被在硝酸纤维素膜上。无需分离步骤,特别是在进行测定时除加入样品外无需再加任何试剂,此方法特别迅速、简便,２～５ｍｉｎ即可得结果。凡ＨＣＧ浓度＞２５ＩＵ／Ｌ的样品可得到阳性结果。在人体血或尿中可能出现的高浓度的干扰物质,如抗坏血酸、乙酰水杨酸、雌二醇、蛋白质、胆红素、甘油三酯等对本测定均无干扰作用,在促黄体激素（ＬＨ）浓度高达５００ＩＵ／Ｌ时仍与ＨＣＧ没有交叉反应。能进行测定的最高值大于３００ＩＵ／ｍｌ,这表示,当ＨＣＧ浓度达到妊娠期的最高值时仍不会有假阴性结果。     

Long non-coding RNA HCG18 promotes M1 macrophage polarization through regulating the miR-146a/TRAF6 axis,facilitating the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most important complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), which has been reported to be modulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The purpose of the current study is to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA HCG18 on DPN in vitro. The expression of lncRNA HCG18, miR-146a, TRAF6, CD11c, and iNOS was detected by qRT-PCR. Through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined. M1 macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry analysis. The interactions between miR-146a and HCG18/TRAF6 were predicted by Starbase/Targetscan software and verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay was performed to determine the protein expression of TRAF6. LncRNA HCG18 was highly expressed in DPN model and HG-induced macrophages. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were elevated in DPN model. The expression of M1 markers (CD11c and iNOS) was visibly up-regulated in DPN model and was positively correlated with HCG18 expression. LncRNA HCG18 facilitated M1 macrophage polarization. In addition, miR-146a was identified as a target of lncRNA HCG18. Overexpression of miR-146a reversed the promoting effect of HCG18 on M1 macrophage polarization. Simultaneously, TRAF6 was a target gene of miR-146a TRAF6 expression was positively modulated by HCG18 and was negatively modulated by miR-146a. Down-regulation of TRAF6 reversed the promoting effect of HCG18 on M1 macrophage polarization. LncRNA HCG18 promotes M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the miR-146a/TRAF6 axis, facilitating the progression of DPN. This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for DPN.

     

Cross-reactivity of a commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin with the free β-subunit

An enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in specimens from oncology patients has been assessed with respect to its cross-reactivity with the free HCG ββ-subunit (HCG-β). The assay, standardized against the First International Reference Preparation 75/537, had a crossreactivity with the free β-subunit of 625% (molar basis). Therefore this assay achieves high sensitivity for the detection of either intact HCG or free HCG-β in serum of patients with seminomatous or nonseminomatous testicular cancers. Results of both assays, the in-house immunoradiometric assay (+ HCG-β) and the Amerlite HCG-60 assay, showed a close correlation (R =0.854?0.960) when serum samples from tumour patients were analyzed. Moreover, the content of free β-subunit determined in a specific HCG-β assay, could be quantitatively measured in the enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay. Thus, this assay is suitable for oncology use, but also highlights the limitations of measuring HCG in serum samples.     

Bioelectrochemical immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum using an electrode-immobilised capture antibody

An amperometric technique for the quantification of an enzyme immunoassay which utilises a capture antibody covalently attached to a carbon electrode is described. The electrode is used both to separate the assay and to monitor the activity of the bound enzyme label. A ‘two-site’ immunometric assay with monoclonal antibodies directed against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was used as the model system. The activity of the enzyme bound to the electrode is determined electrochemically by the use of an electron transfer mediator (dimethylaminomethyl ferrocene) permitting rapid quantification of the analyte without the need for a separate incubation step to measure enzyme activity. The sensitivity of the assay is 9mIU HCG ml⁻¹ in serum (1st International Reference Preparation). The correlation between the amperometric measurement of serum HCG and data for an immunoradiometric assay was r = 0·988. The assay is rapid requiring a total assay time of 20 min per sample, which includes 15 min for antibody—antigen binding.     

Raised serum human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum.

Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay with an antiserum specific to HCG beta-subunit in 42 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and 115 women with normal pregnancies. Mean concentrations (+/- SE of mean) were higher in the women with hyperemesis gravidarum at 7-8 weeks (40.8 +/- 5.2 IU/ml v 22.1 +/- 1.4 IU/ml; P less than 0.001), 9-11 weeks (38.1 +/- 2.3 IU/ml v 27.1 +/- 2.1 IU/ml; P less than 0.0025), and 12-14 weeks of gestation (35.9 +/- 4.2 IU/ml v 25.1 +/- 1.7 IU/ml; P less than 0.005), but there was no difference between the two groups at 15-20 weeks of gestation. In the hyperemesis gravidarum group primigravid women had a higher (P less than 0.005) mean HCG concentration (41.8 +/- 4.0 IU/ml) than multigravid women (32.2 +/- 2.3 IU/ml). The results suggest a causal relation between a high serum HCG concentration and hyperemesis gravidarum.     

Purification of human chorionic gonadotrophin from urine by membrane filtration affinity chromatography with a positively charged membrane.

A new method of affinity chromatography, termed membrane filtration affinity chromatography (MFAC), has been developed and applied to purify HCG from urine. By filtrating urine through ZBM (HCG in urine would bind to the antibody on ZBM) and by dissociating the HCG from the antibody on ZBM in purified form, we developed the MFAC and purified HCG from urine of pregnant women by MFAC. The purified HCG showed a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ZBM (1 cm(2)) could harvest 90.3 microg HCG, which showed immunoactivity of 8554 IU/mg. The rate of recovery was 87%. CONCLUSION: MFAC with ZBM is an effective method, which is much easier and cheaper than conventional affinity chromatography for purification of proteins from solution, especially from highly diluted solution.     

Miniaturized amperometric flow immunoassay system using a glass fiber membrane modified with anion

This paper describes a miniaturized amperometric flow immunoassay system using a glass fiber membrane modified with anion. The glass fiber membrane was functionally modified with gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and sodium thiosulfate and was used for separation of protein. Anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody conjugated with ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid (Fc), namely, Fc-conjugated IgG (Fc-IgG), was used as a novel analytical reagent. HCG and Fc-IgG complexes were separated from free Fc-IgG based on differences in isoelectric point (pI) using the glass fiber membrane modified with a thiosulfonyl acid functional group. The assay yields a linear relationship between current and HCG concentration in the range of 0-2000 mIU/mL. This simple technique enables the assay of HCG within 2 min. The modified glass fiber membrane was regenerated by occasional elution with malonate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.5 M NaCl, to remove free Fc-IgG. Free Fc-IgG recovered in this manner could be reused up to eight times without significant decreases in sensitivity. This miniaturized amperometric flow immunoassay requires only minute quantities of serum and generates highly reproducible results.     

Correlation of Vitamin D3, PAI-1, and HCG Hormone in Pre- and Post-Menopausal in Babylon Province

Background:Menopause is a unique event in women''s life it usually occurs naturally, most often after age 50 when woman has not menstruated in 12 consecutive months. This study was planned to assess the relationship between Vitamin D3 level, PAI-1 and HCG in Babylon women at age <50 years as pre-menopausal and> 50 years as post-menopausal.Methods:The sample were selected from a group of pre- and post-menopausal women, 30 and 50 respectively. All the tests were evaluated to measure Vitamin D3 level, PAI-1 and HCG level. The sample was collected between July 2019 and January 2020 at Merjan medical city GIT and Liver Center, Babylon province, Iraq.Results:The result of current study revealed that there are significant differences in vitamin D3 level in various age categories within postmenopausal women (p= 0.02) also there is no significant differences in PAI-1 and HCG with in these two groups, p= 0.08 and 0.07, respectively. Also, there is significant negative correlation between vitamin D3 and PAI-1 in postmenopausal women (p. value is 0.01).Conclusion:Indeed, postmenopausal women regarded as elderly, but they have sufficient vitamin D3 and normal PAI-I levels as markers for normal non fibrosis status.Key Words: And PAI-1, HCG, Menopause, Vitamin D3     

Secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin by the early placenta in Vitro.

The secretion in vitro of HCG and proteins was studied in fragments of placenta from women in the first trimester of pregnancy by a pulse-chase system. A 10-min pulse with [3H]leucine was used. It was concluded that the approximate half-time of release of HCG was 150 min. Proteins precipitable with trichloroacetic acid had a bi-exponential pattern, the half-times of release being 100 and 270 min. These rates of release indicate that the HCG produced by the early placenta was rapidly passed into the circulation rather than stored.