极端高温和持续中等高温对小菜蛾耐热性的影响

气候变化频率的增加和持续时间的延长,导致具有较短生活史的大部分农业害虫的某一个或某几个生命阶段都可经历热浪的胁迫。热浪对小型昆虫的生态学效应取决于不同生命阶段的耐热性,因而解析特定龄期下昆虫生命阶段的耐热性对理解气候变暖热浪频发的生态学影响具有重要意义。本研究以世界重要蔬菜害虫小菜蛾为研究对象,试验了小菜蛾4龄幼虫、成虫的基底耐热性和诱导耐热性,以及1龄幼虫和3龄幼虫置于不同高温[(31±1)、33±1)、35±1)℃]和暴露时间(3、6、9、12d)组合的持续中等高温耐热性。试验发现幼虫和成虫具有不同的基底和诱导耐热性,具有较弱基底耐热性的幼虫反而具有更强的诱导耐热性。不同生命阶段在持续数天的中等高温胁迫下具有不同的存活表现,早期生命阶段存活率较后期阶段的低,而且这种差异在较强高温下表现得尤为明显。昆虫不同阶段耐热性的差异,对种群的维持具有重要的生态学意义。大多数农业害虫田间种群具有混合年龄结构,热浪后耐热的发育阶段的存活,保证种群可以一直生存和繁衍下去。     

Advances in Salt Tolerance of Some Major Fiber Crops Through Classical and Advanced Biotechnological Tools: A Review

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Plant biofibers are of great economic and commercial importance. Among various fiber producing crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.),...     

Pre-colonization of PGPR triggers rhizosphere microbiota succession associated with crop yield enhancement

Plant and Soil - Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) substantially improve plant growth and health, but their effects on the succession of rhizosphere microbiota throughout the growth...     

Possible consequences of an inability of plants to control manganese uptake

Plant and Soil - This commentary presents several thoughts elicited by the observation of Lambers et al. (Plant Soil, 2021) in this Special Issue that the release of carboxylates by roots increases...     

Response of the soil microbial community composition and biomass to a short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion in a coastal wetland of eastern China

Plant and Soil - Plant invasion has been reported to alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling processes and pools. The mechanisms involved in how plant invasion affects the soil...     

Field performance of bacterial inoculants to alleviate water stress effects in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant and Soil - Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase can play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants, particularly...     

Over-Expression of Oshox4 Enhances Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Rice

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Plant hormones play major roles in abiotic stress. This study shows that gibberellin acid-inefficient transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is more tolerant to...     

Co-Inoculation of Common Bean with Rhizobium and Azospirillum Enhance the Drought Tolerance

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to reduce the negative effects of drought on numerous plant species, but these effects are unknown...     

Enhancement of rhizosphere citric acid and decrease of NO3−/NH4+ ratio by root interactions facilitate N fixation and transfer

Plant and Soil - Plant growth is often limited by low soil phosphorus (P) availability, soil nitrogen (N) availability may affect plants’ responses to P supply. We studied the growth and...     

云南省斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫种类调查

斑翅果蝇作为危害蓝莓、杨梅、葡萄、樱桃等软皮水果的重要害虫之一,已经引起国内外广泛关注,明确斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫的种类、分布和自然寄生状况,可以为斑翅果蝇天敌的保护利用提供科学依据。本文通过在云南省斑翅果蝇适生区采集斑翅果蝇的栽培寄主和野生浆果果实,带回实验室培养5~8d,解剖果实并挑出斑翅果蝇蛹,收集其中羽化的斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫,并记录其种类和数量,计算寄生率。本研究共采集调查了45种植物果实,有15种植物果实可被斑翅果蝇危害,其中杨梅中的斑翅果蝇种群数量最大,达到96.03头/百果;共收集到5种斑翅果蝇的寄生蜂,其中幼虫寄生蜂有丽盾瘿蜂Ganaspis brasiliensis、细毛瘿蜂Leptopilina japonica和反颚茧蜂Asobara sp.,蛹寄生蜂有果蝇锤角细蜂Trichopria drosophilae和蝇蛹金小蜂Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae,寄生蜂的自然寄生率最高可达27.81%。结果表明,丽盾瘿蜂的虫口数量最多,分布最广,为斑翅果蝇的田间优势种寄生蜂。斑翅果蝇的寄生性天敌昆虫在斑翅果蝇化蛹后的1~2周达到羽化高峰期,对斑翅果蝇具有较好的自然控制作用。     

Response of Vicia faba to short-term uranium exposure: chelating and antioxidant system changes in roots

Journal of Plant Research - Uranium (U) phytotoxicity is an inherently difficult problem in the phytoremediation of U-contaminated environments. Plant chelating and antioxidant systems play an...     

Brassinazole represses tomato hypocotyl elongation via inhibition of cell division

Plant Growth Regulation - Hypocotyl length is determined by cell division and elongation, which are associated with canonical cell cycle and endoreduplication. Plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) is...     

Overexpression of Wild Arachis Lipocalin Enhances Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Peanut Hairy Roots

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Plant parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN) have evolved sophisticated strategies for exploiting plants, and they cause devastating yield losses in many susceptible...     

Recovery succession drives the convergence,and grazing versus fencing drives the divergence of plant and soil N/P stoichiometry in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia

Plant and Soil - Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) and grazing drive community dynamics in grasslands. We examined how the intensity of grazing and PSF interact to affect plant growth and explored...     

Increased litter decomposition rates of exotic invasive species Hieracium pilosella (Asteraceae) in Southern Patagonia,Argentina

Plant Ecology - Plant invasions can affect key ecosystem processes regulating carbon and nutrient balances, i.e., litter decomposition. Exotic herb Hieracium pilosella (hawkweed, Asteraceae)...     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Dey, P. M., and J. B. Harborne (eds), Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol. 1: Plant Phenolics.
Dey, P. M. (ed.), Carbohydrates. Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 2 (P. M. D ey and J. B. H arborne eds).     

Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana by Herbaspirillum seropedicae promotes its growth and changes its proteomic profile

Plant and Soil - Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a Plant Growth Promoting Bacterium (PGPB) that colonizes crops of economic interest, especially grasses. Here, we aimed to characterize the...     

Effect of nitrogen additions on root morphology and chemistry in a subtropical bamboo forest

Plant and Soil - Plant roots play a critical role in ecosystem underground processes, and are potentially influenced by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the effects of N...     

Soil loss due to crop harvest in Southern Brazil: effect of potato morphology

Plant and Soil - Plant species richness increases with declining soil phosphorus (P) availability, especially for Proteaceae in old infertile landscapes. This difference in richness might be...     

Long-term partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with green manure regulated organic matter mineralization in paddy soil dominantly by modulating organic carbon quality

Plant and Soil - Plant pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species are globally widespread and lead to large annual yield losses in maize production (ecosystem disservice). Systems with...